Exploring the key communicator role of exosomes in cancer microenvironment through proteomics

There have been many attempts to fully understand the mechanism of cancer behavior. Yet, how cancers develop and metastasize still remain elusive. Emerging concepts of cancer biology in recent years have focused on the communication of cancer with its microenvironment, since cancer cannot grow and live alone. Cancer needs to communicate with other cells for survival, and thus they secrete various messengers, including exosomes that contain many proteins, miRNAs, mRNAs, etc., for construction of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, these intercellular communications between cancer and its microenvironment, including stromal cells or distant cells, can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and escape from immune surveillance. In this review, we summarized the role of proteins in the exosome as communicators between cancer and its microenvironment. Consequently, we present cancer specific exosome proteins and their unique roles in the interaction between cancer and its microenvironment. Clinically, these exosomes might provide useful biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.This research was supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (#2016M3A9B6026771 & #2014M3A9D5A01073598)

A three-dimensional culture system recapitulates placental syncytiotrophoblast development and microbial resistance

In eutherians, the placenta acts as a barrier and conduit at the maternal-fetal interface. Syncytiotrophoblasts, the multinucleated cells that cover the placental villous tree surfaces of the human placenta, are directly bathed in maternal blood and are formed by the fusion of progenitor cytotrophoblasts that underlie them. Despite their crucial role in fetal protection, many of the events that govern trophoblast fusion and protection from microbial infection are unknown. We describe a three-dimensional (3D)–based culture model using human JEG-3 trophoblast cells that develop syncytiotrophoblast phenotypes when cocultured with human microvascular endothelial cells. JEG-3 cells cultured in this system exhibit enhanced fusogenic activity and morphological and secretory activities strikingly similar to those of primary human syncytiotrophoblasts. RNASeq analyses extend the observed functional similarities to the transcriptome, where we observed significant overlap between syncytiotrophoblast-specific genes and 3D JEG-3 cultures. Furthermore, JEG-3 cells cultured in 3D are resistant to infection by viruses and Toxoplasma gondii, which mimics the high resistance of syncytiotrophoblasts to microbial infections in vivo. Given that this system is genetically manipulatable, it provides a new platform to dissect the mechanisms involved in syncytiotrophoblast development and microbial resistance

The Student Movement Volume 106 Issue 1: Capping Off AU\u27s Fifth Change Day

HUMANS Freshman Spotlight: Abby Shim (freshman, business), Interviewed by: Lauren Kim Interview with Change Day Coordinator Teela Ruehle, Interviewed by: Karenna Lee My Goals This Year Are..., Gloria Oh ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Shang-Chi: Run, Don\u27t Walk to Your Closest Theater, Solana Campbel Shadow and Bone: A Book and TV Show Review, Kaela McFadden What Are You Listening To?, Steven Injety NEWS COVID Regulations on Campus: Part 2.5, Yoel Kim Students Get Wrapped Up In Change Day Christmas Event, Nathan Mathieu The Gazebo Closure, Brendan Syto IDEAS In the Archives: AU During 9/11, Lyle Goulbourne Lily Pads and Epidemics, Alexander Navarro Quality Time, Chase Wilder PULSE 5 Ways To Make Your Studying Better, T Bruggeman Adventures Around Andrews (Biking Distance), Gloria Oh Back to Andrews, Izzy Koh THE LAST WORD Offline Anxiety, Alyssa Henriquezhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-106/1000/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 16 Issue 19: Strut to the Beat of Your Own Drum: AUnited Serves Diversity Through Style

HUMANS Honors Research Scholar: Jessica Rim, Interviewed by: Lauren Kim Senior Spotlight: Matthew Shelton, Interviewed by: Timmy Duado Student Movement Editor-in-Chief Candidate: Alannah Tjhatra, Interviewed by: Karenna Lee ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT AU\u27s New Community Art Classes, Megan Napod Son of Man, I Have Made Thee a Watchman : An Update on The Watchmen Acapella, Interviewed by: Steven Injety The AUnited Fashion Show, Solana Campbell NEWS Spring Graduation Schedule 2022, From the President\u27s Office and the Graduation Committee Statement from Vice President Faehner on Instagram Harassment, Abigail Lee, Francis Faehner, and Alyssa Palmer Sexual Assault Awareness Month: Take Back the Night , Andrew Pak IDEAS How To: Get Rid of that One Friend that Always Drops By at the Worst Moments, Gabriela Francisco Money, Unionization, and Assumption, Yoel Kim Should Kids Be Raised With Minimal Technology?, Elizabeth Getahun The Anonymous Elephant in the Room, Abigail Lee PULSE Infusion Vespers 2022, Wambui Karanja Other User, Anonymous What We Want, What We Need: Student\u27s Hopes for AUSA, Alannah Tjhatra THE LAST WORD Engagement Above All, Kurt Kuhlmanhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-106/1018/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 107 Issue 2: We Prayed, We Changed, We Glowed: Week Three at Andrews University

HUMANS Change Day Interview: Jessica Bowen, Interviewed by: Gloria Oh Interview with Brandon Alvarez, Interviewed by: Grace No Meet Andrew Rappette, AUSA Executive Vice President, Interviewed by: Lauren Kim ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Change Day: Art as a Service, Skyler Campbell Currently..., Solana Campbell Disney\u27s D23 Expo Concludes, Andrew Francis In the Rick of Time: Season 6 Launces Off My 2022 School Year, Grace No NEWS Almost Anything Goes, Glow Edition, Yoel Kim & Editors Lead Levels in Benton Harbor, Abigail Kim Students React to Queen Elizabeth\u27s Passing, Andrew Francis IDEAS iOS 16 and the new iPhone: Bop or Flop?, Rachel Ingram-Clay Meghan Markle and the British Media, Terika Williams The Little Mermaid and the Importance of Representation, Genevieve Prouty PULSE Change Day 2022, Elizabeth Dovich Clubs & Organizations Ice Cream Fair, Charisse Lapuebla Scientists Engaging Beyond Classroom & Lab, Desmond Hartwell Murray Divine Direction: Week of Prayer at Andrews University, Melissa Moore LAST WORD Thoughts at 30,000 Feet, Alannah Tjhatrahttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-107/1001/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 106 Issue 8: Cardinals Cheer, Thanksgiving is Here!

HUMANS Meet Your 2021-2022 AU Cardinals Men\u27s Basketball Team, Interviewed by: Timmy Duado What Are You Thankful For?, Interviewed by: Grace No Meet Your 2021-2022 AU Cardinals Women\u27s Basketball Team, Interviewed by: Taylor Uphus ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Thanksgiving Film Recommendations!, Megan Napod The Harder They Fall , Hannah Cruse What is CATHARSIS?, Solana Campbell NEWS Andrews Autumn Conference on Science & Religion, Abigail Lee AUSA Hosts Open Gym, Karenna Lee Campus Concert Crawl, Abigail Lee IDEAS Hidden out of Season, Evin-Nazya Musgrove Risk and Reward in Squid Game , Yoel Kim The Necessity of Firearm Safety Education, Nathan Cheng PULSE Honors Testimony: Worship in the Church, Honors Student Productivity... (and Pronouns ), T Bruggemann Thanksgiving Traditions of Your Student Movement Editors, Alannah Tjhatra THE LAST WORD Thanksgiving Dinner and Communion, Alyssa Henriquezhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-106/1007/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 107, Issue 9: Power (Outage) to the People: Students Frolic in Winter Wonderland

HUMANS Interview with the Speech Pathology Club, Interviewed by: Gloria Oh Meet The Chiefs of The Twin Cities, Nicholas C. Gunn Meet the Student Graduate Liaison of AUGSA, Natasha Richards, Interviewed by: Kavya Mohanram What Are AU Students Thankful For?, Interviewed by: Grace No ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Anthony León Wins Placido Domingo\u27s Operailia 2022, Aiko J. Ayala Rios Currently..., Solana Campbell Thanks for Making Me Laugh: My Top Ten Thanksgiving Sitcom Episodes, Bella Hamann Top Gun Maverick: A SuperSonic Sequel, Leo Martins NEWS Honors Church: Lessons and Carols, Terika Williams Prime Minister after Prime Minister, Abigail Kim The Seatless Delegate: An Unfulfilled Promise to the Cherokee Nation, Julia Randall Innovation & Entrepreneurship: The Sole Full Winner of the Shark Tank Competition, Yoel Kim IDEAS A Reflect ion on Body Image, Elizabeth Getahun The Frenzy of Fast Fashion, Abby Shim The Scoop on Introverts: What Extroverts Need to Know, Isabelle Martinez To Bee or not to Bee: The Importance, Causes, and Impact of Bee Disappearance, Alexander Navarro PULSE All About AU Engage, Lexie Dunham Thoughts on Daylight Savings, Gloria Oh Thanksgiving and Our Heritage, Zothile Sibanda LAST WORD Romanticizing the Past, Alannah Tjhatrahttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-107/1008/thumbnail.jp

The landscape of PBMC methylome in canine mammary tumors reveals the epigenetic regulation of immune marker genes and its potential application in predicting tumor malignancy

Background Genome-wide dysregulation of CpG methylation accompanies tumor progression and characteristic states of cancer cells, prompting a rationale for biomarker development. Understanding how the archetypic epige‑ netic modifcation determines systemic contributions of immune cell types is the key to further clinical benefts. Results In this study, we characterized the diferential DNA methylome landscapes of peripheral blood mononu‑ clear cells (PBMCs) from 76 canines using methylated CpG-binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq). Through gene set enrichment analysis, we discovered that genes involved in the growth and diferentiation of T- and B-cells are highly methylated in tumor PBMCs. We also revealed the increased methylation at single CpG resolution and reversed expression in representative marker genes regulating immune cell proliferation (BACH2, SH2D1A, TXK, UHRF1). Furthermore, we utilized the PBMC methylome to efectively diferentiate between benign and malignant tumors and the presence of mammary gland tumors through a machine-learning approach. Conclusions This research contributes to a better knowledge of the comprehensive epigenetic regulation of circulat‑ ing immune cells responding to tumors and suggests a new framework for identifying benign and malignant cancers using genome-wide methylomeThis research was supported by the Science Research Center (SRC) Program (grant #. NRF-2021R1A5A1033167) under the Directorate for Basic Research in Science & Engineering funded by the Korean Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Plannin

Determination of Fire Blight Susceptibility on Wild Rosaceae Plants in Korea by Artificial Inoculation

The fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea) is a devastating disease of Rosaceae plants, including commercially important apple and pear trees. Since the first report in Korea in May 2015, it has been spreading to neighboring regions gradually. Host plants can be infected by pollinators like bees, rainfall accompanied by wind, and cultural practices such as pruning. Many studies have revealed that wild Rosaceae plants such as Cotoneaster spp., Crataegus spp., Pyracantha spp., Prunus spp., and Sorbus spp. can be reservoirs of Ea in nature. However, wild Rosaceae plants in Korea have not been examined yet whether they are susceptible to fire blight. Therefore, the susceptibility to fire blight was examined with 25 species in 10 genera of wild Rosaceae plants, which were collected during 2020–2022, by artificial inoculation. Bacterial suspension (108 cfu/ml) of Ea type strain TS3128 was inoculated artificially in flowers, leaves, stems, and fruits of each plant species, and development of disease symptoms were monitored. Moreover, the presence of Ea bacteria from inoculated samples were checked by conventional polymerase chain reaction. Total 14 species of wild Rosaceae plants showed disease symptoms of fire blight, and Ea bacteria were detected inside of inoculated plant parts. These results suggest that wild Rosaceae plants growing nearby commercial apple and pear orchards in Korea can be Ea reservoirs, and thus they should be monitored regularly to minimize the damage by Ea infection and spreading

Upregulation of smpd3 via BMP2 stimulation and Runx2.

Deletion of smpd3 induces osteogenesis and dentinogenesis imperfecta in mice. smpd3 is highly elevated in the parietal bones of developing mouse calvaria, but not in sutural mesenchymes. Here, we examine the mechanism of smpd3 regulation, which involves BMP2 stimulation of Runx2. smpd3 mRNA expression increased in response to BMP2 treatment and Runx2 transfection in C2C12 cells. The Runx2-responsive element (RRE) encoded within the -562 to -557 region is important for activation of the smpd3 promoter by Runx2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that Runx2 binds strongly to the -355 to -350 RRE and less strongly to the -562 to -557 site. Thus, the smpd3 promoter is activated by BMP2 and is directly regulated by the Runx2 transcription factor. This novel description of smpd3 regulation will aid further studies of bone development and osteogenesis. [BMB reports 2009; 42(2): 86-90