Assessment of Features between Multichannel Electrohysterogram for Differentiation of Labors

[EN] Electrohysterogram (EHG) is a promising method for noninvasive monitoring of uterine electrical activity. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the multichannel EHG signals to distinguish between term delivery and preterm birth, as well as deliveries within and beyond 24 h. A total of 219 pregnant women were grouped in two ways: (1) term delivery (TD), threatened preterm labor (TPL) with the outcome of preterm birth (TPL_PB), and TPL with the outcome of term delivery (TPL_TD); (2) EHG recording time to delivery (TTD) 24 h. Three bipolar EHG signals were analyzed for the 30 min recording. Six EHG features between multiple channels, including multivariate sample entropy, mutual information, correlation coefficient, coherence, direct partial Granger causality, and direct transfer entropy, were extracted to characterize the coupling and information flow between channels. Significant differences were found for these six features between TPL and TD, and between TTD 24 h. No significant difference was found between TPL_PB and TPL_TD. The results indicated that EHG signals of TD were more regular and synchronized than TPL, and stronger coupling between multichannel EHG signals was exhibited as delivery approaches. In addition, EHG signals propagate downward for the majority of pregnant women regardless of different labors. In conclusion, the coupling and propagation features extracted from multichannel EHG signals could be used to differentiate term delivery and preterm birth and may predict delivery within and beyond 24 h.This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program, grant number 2019YFC0119700, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number U20A20388.Zhang, Y.; Hao, D.; Yang, L.; Zhou, X.; Ye Lin, Y.; Yang, Y. (2022). Assessment of Features between Multichannel Electrohysterogram for Differentiation of Labors. Sensors. 22(9):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2209335211822

Evaluation of Bipolar, Tripolar, and Quadripolar Laplacian Estimates of Electrocardiogram via Concentric Ring Electrodes

[EN] Surface Laplacian estimates via concentric ring electrodes (CREs) have proven to enhance spatial resolution compared to conventional disc electrodes, which is of great importance for P-wave analysis. In this study, Laplacian estimates for traditional bipolar configuration (BC), two tripolar configurations with linearly decreasing and increasing inter-ring distances (TCLDIRD and TCLIIRD, respectively), and quadripolar configuration (QC) were obtained from cardiac recordings with pentapolar CREs placed at CMV1 and CMV2 positions. Normalized P-wave amplitude (NAP) was computed to assess the contrast to study atrial activity. Signals were of good quality (20-30 dB). Atrial activity was more emphasized at CMV1 (NAP similar or equal to 0.19-0.24) compared to CMV2 (NAP similar or equal to 0.08-0.10). Enhanced spatial resolution of TCLIIRD and QC resulted in higher NAP values than BC and TCLDIRD. Comparison with simultaneous standard 12-lead ECG proved that Laplacian estimates at CMV1 outperformed all the limb and chest standard leads in the contrast to study P-waves. Clinical recordings with CRE at this position could allow more detailed observation of atrial activity and facilitate the diagnosis of associated pathologies. Furthermore, such recordings would not require additional electrodes on limbs and could be performed wirelessly, so it should also be suitable for ambulatory monitoring, for example, using cardiac Holter monitors.This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Human Resource Development (HRD) Tribal Colleges and Universities Program (TCUP), grants number 1622481 and 1914787 to O.M.Garcia-Casado, J.; Ye Lin, Y.; Prats-Boluda, G.; Makeyev, O. (2019). Evaluation of Bipolar, Tripolar, and Quadripolar Laplacian Estimates of Electrocardiogram via Concentric Ring Electrodes. 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Body surface Laplacian ECG mapping. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 39(11), 1179-1191. doi:10.1109/10.168684He, B., & Cohen, R. J. (1995). Body Surface Laplacian Electrocardiographic Mapping−A Review. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 23(5-6), 475-510. doi:10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v23.i5-6.30UMETANI, K., OKAMOTO, Y., MASHIMA, S., ONO, K., HOSAKA, H., & HE, B. (1998). Body Surface Laplacian Mapping in Patients with Left or Right Ventricular Bundle Branch Block. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 21(11), 2043-2054. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb01122.xBin He, Guanglin Li, & Jie Lian. (2002). A spline Laplacian ECG estimator in a realistic geometry volume conductor. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 49(2), 110-117. doi:10.1109/10.979350Besio, G., Koka, K., Aakula, R., & Weizhong Dai. (2006). Tri-polar concentric ring electrode development for Laplacian electroencephalography. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 53(5), 926-933. doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.863887Besio, W., Aakula, R., Koka, K., & Dai, W. (2006). Development of a Tri-polar Concentric Ring Electrode for Acquiring Accurate Laplacian Body Surface Potentials. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 34(3), 426-435. doi:10.1007/s10439-005-9054-8Besio, W., & Chen, T. (2007). Tripolar Laplacian electrocardiogram and moment of activation isochronal mapping. Physiological Measurement, 28(5), 515-529. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/28/5/006Prats-Boluda, G., Garcia-Casado, J., Martinez-de-Juan, J. L., & Ye-Lin, Y. (2011). Active concentric ring electrode for non-invasive detection of intestinal myoelectric signals. Medical Engineering & Physics, 33(4), 446-455. doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.11.009Prats-Boluda, G., Ye-Lin, Y., Bueno-Barrachina, J., Rodriguez de Sanabria, R., & Garcia-Casado, J. (2016). Towards the clinical use of concentric electrodes in ECG recordings: influence of ring dimensions and electrode position. Measurement Science and Technology, 27(2), 025705. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/27/2/025705Zena-Giménez, V., Garcia-Casado, J., Ye-Lin, Y., Garcia-Breijo, E., & Prats-Boluda, G. (2018). A Flexible Multiring Concentric Electrode for Non-Invasive Identification of Intestinal Slow Waves. Sensors, 18(2), 396. doi:10.3390/s18020396Ye-Lin, Y., Alberola-Rubio, J., Prats-boluda, G., Perales, A., Desantes, D., & Garcia-Casado, J. (2014). Feasibility and Analysis of Bipolar Concentric Recording of Electrohysterogram with Flexible Active Electrode. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 43(4), 968-976. doi:10.1007/s10439-014-1130-5Wang, K., Parekh, U., Pailla, T., Garudadri, H., Gilja, V., & Ng, T. N. (2017). Stretchable Dry Electrodes with Concentric Ring Geometry for Enhancing Spatial Resolution in Electrophysiology. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 6(19), 1700552. doi:10.1002/adhm.201700552Lidón-Roger, J., Prats-Boluda, G., Ye-Lin, Y., Garcia-Casado, J., & Garcia-Breijo, E. (2018). Textile Concentric Ring Electrodes for ECG Recording Based on Screen-Printing Technology. Sensors, 18(1), 300. doi:10.3390/s18010300Makeyev, O., Ding, Q., & Besio, W. G. (2016). Improving the accuracy of Laplacian estimation with novel multipolar concentric ring electrodes. Measurement, 80, 44-52. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2015.11.017Makeyev, O., & Besio, W. (2016). Improving the Accuracy of Laplacian Estimation with Novel Variable Inter-Ring Distances Concentric Ring Electrodes. Sensors, 16(6), 858. doi:10.3390/s16060858Makeyev, O. (2018). Solving the general inter-ring distances optimization problem for concentric ring electrodes to improve Laplacian estimation. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 17(1). doi:10.1186/s12938-018-0549-6Ye-Lin, Y., Bueno-Barrachina, J. M., Prats-boluda, G., Rodriguez de Sanabria, R., & Garcia-Casado, J. (2017). Wireless sensor node for non-invasive high precision electrocardiographic signal acquisition based on a multi-ring electrode. Measurement, 97, 195-202. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2016.11.009Prats-Boluda, G., Ye-Lin, Y., Pradas-Novella, F., Garcia-Breijo, E., & Garcia-Casado, J. (2018). Textile Concentric Ring Electrodes: Influence of Position and Electrode Size on Cardiac Activity Monitoring. Journal of Sensors, 2018, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2018/7290867Huiskamp, G. (1991). Difference formulas for the surface Laplacian on a triangulated surface. Journal of Computational Physics, 95(2), 477-496. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(91)90286-tHamilton, P. S., & Tompkins, W. J. (1986). Quantitative Investigation of QRS Detection Rules Using the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-33(12), 1157-1165. doi:10.1109/tbme.1986.325695Koka, K., & Besio, W. G. (2007). Improvement of spatial selectivity and decrease of mutual information of tri-polar concentric ring electrodes. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 165(2), 216-222. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.06.007Prats-Boluda, G., Ye-Lin, Y., Bueno Barrachina, J. M., Senent, E., Rodriguez de Sanabria, R., & Garcia-Casado, J. (2015). Development of a portable wireless system for bipolar concentric ECG recording. Measurement Science and Technology, 26(7), 075102. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/26/7/07510

Enhancement of Non-Invasive Recording of Electroenterogram by Means of a Flexible Array of Concentric Ring Electrodes

Monitoring intestinal myoelectrical activity by electroenterogram (EEnG) would be of great clinical interest for diagnosing gastrointestinal pathologies and disorders. However, surface EEnG recordings are of very low amplitude and can be severely affected by baseline drifts and respiratory and electrocardiographic (ECG) interference. In this work, a flexible array of concentric ring electrodes was developed and tested to determine whether it can provide surface EEnG signals of better quality than bipolar recordings from conventional disc electrodes. With this aime, sixteen healthy subjects in a fasting state (>8h) underwent recording. The capabiltiy of detecting intestinal pacemaker activity (slow wave) and the influence of physiological interferences were studied. The signals obtained from the concentric ring electrodes proved to be more robust to ECG and respiratory interference than those from conventional disc electrodes. The results also show that intestinal EEnG components such as the slow wave can be more easily identified by the proposed system based on a flexible array of concentric ring electrodes. The developed active electrode array could be a very valuable tool for non-invasive diagnosis of disease states such as ischemia and motility disorders of the small bowel which are known to alter the normal enteric slow wave activity.Research supported in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Espana (TEC 2010-16945). The proof-reading of this paper was funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Garcia Casado, FJ.; Zena Giménez, VF.; Prats Boluda, G.; Ye Lin, Y. (2014). Enhancement of Non-Invasive Recording of Electroenterogram by Means of a Flexible Array of Concentric Ring Electrodes. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 42(3):651-660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-013-0935-yS651660423Abo, M., J. Liang, L. Qian, and J. D. Chen. 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Validating the Comparison Framework for the Finite Dimensions Model of Concentric Ring Electrodes Using Human Electrocardiogram Data

[EN] While progress has been made in design optimization of concentric ring electrodes maximizing the accuracy of the surface Laplacian estimation, it was based exclusively on the negligible dimensions model of the electrode. Recent proof of concept of the new finite dimensions model that adds the radius of the central disc and the widths of concentric rings to the previously included number of rings and inter-ring distances provides an opportunity for more comprehensive design optimization. In this study, the aforementioned proof of concept was developed into a framework allowing direct comparison of any two concentric ring electrodes of the same size and with the same number of rings. The proposed framework is illustrated on constant and linearly increasing inter-ring distances tripolar concentric ring electrode configurations and validated on electrocardiograms from 20 human volunteers. In particular, ratios of truncation term coefficients between the two electrode configurations were used to demonstrate the similarity between the negligible and the finite dimension models analytically (p = 0.077). Laplacian estimates based on the two models were calculated on electrocardiogram data for emulation of linearly increasing inter-ring distances tripolar concentric ring electrode. The difference between the estimates was not statistically significant (p >> 0.05) which is consistent with the analytic result.This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Human Resource Development (HRD) Tribal Colleges and Universities Program (TCUP), grants number 1622481 and 1914787 to Oleksandr Makeyev. The authors would like to thank Rafael Rodriguez de Sanabria for his help with the human ECG data collection and Eduardo Garcia-Breijo for his help with the CRE implementation.Makeyev, O.; Musngi, M.; Moore, L.; Ye Lin, Y.; Prats-Boluda, G.; Garcia-Casado, J. (2019). Validating the Comparison Framework for the Finite Dimensions Model of Concentric Ring Electrodes Using Human Electrocardiogram Data. Applied Sciences. 9(20):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204279S114920Bradshaw, L. A., Richards, W. O., & Wikswo, J. P. (2001). Volume conductor effects on the spatial resolution of magnetic fields and electric potentials from gastrointestinal electrical activity. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 39(1), 35-43. doi:10.1007/bf02345264Besio, W. G., Hongbao Cao, & Peng Zhou. (2008). Application of Tripolar Concentric Electrodes and Prefeature Selection Algorithm for Brain–Computer Interface. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 16(2), 191-194. doi:10.1109/tnsre.2007.916303Farina, D., & Cescon, C. (2001). Concentric-ring electrode systems for noninvasive detection of single motor unit activity. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 48(11), 1326-1334. doi:10.1109/10.959328McFarland, D. J., McCane, L. M., David, S. V., & Wolpaw, J. R. (1997). Spatial filter selection for EEG-based communication. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 103(3), 386-394. doi:10.1016/s0013-4694(97)00022-2Wu, D., Tsai, H. C., & He, B. (1999). On the Estimation of the Laplacian Electrocardiogram during Ventricular Activation. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 27(6), 731-745. doi:10.1114/1.224Hjorth, B. (1975). An on-line transformation of EEG scalp potentials into orthogonal source derivations. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 39(5), 526-530. doi:10.1016/0013-4694(75)90056-5MacKay, D. . (1983). On-line source-density computation with a minimum of electrons. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 56(6), 696-698. doi:10.1016/0013-4694(83)90040-8Huiskamp, G. (1991). Difference formulas for the surface Laplacian on a triangulated surface. Journal of Computational Physics, 95(2), 477-496. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(91)90286-tBesio, G., Koka, K., Aakula, R., & Weizhong Dai. (2006). Tri-polar concentric ring electrode development for Laplacian electroencephalography. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 53(5), 926-933. doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.863887Besio, W., Aakula, R., Koka, K., & Dai, W. (2006). Development of a Tri-polar Concentric Ring Electrode for Acquiring Accurate Laplacian Body Surface Potentials. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 34(3), 426-435. doi:10.1007/s10439-005-9054-8Wang, K., Parekh, U., Pailla, T., Garudadri, H., Gilja, V., & Ng, T. N. (2017). Stretchable Dry Electrodes with Concentric Ring Geometry for Enhancing Spatial Resolution in Electrophysiology. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 6(19), 1700552. doi:10.1002/adhm.201700552Lidón-Roger, J., Prats-Boluda, G., Ye-Lin, Y., Garcia-Casado, J., & Garcia-Breijo, E. (2018). Textile Concentric Ring Electrodes for ECG Recording Based on Screen-Printing Technology. Sensors, 18(1), 300. doi:10.3390/s18010300Besio, W. G., Martinez-Juarez, I. E., Makeyev, O., Gaitanis, J. N., Blum, A. S., Fisher, R. S., & Medvedev, A. V. (2014). High-Frequency Oscillations Recorded on the Scalp of Patients With Epilepsy Using Tripolar Concentric Ring Electrodes. IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine, 2, 1-11. doi:10.1109/jtehm.2014.2332994Boudria, Y., Feltane, A., & Besio, W. (2014). Significant improvement in one-dimensional cursor control using Laplacian electroencephalography over electroencephalography. Journal of Neural Engineering, 11(3), 035014. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/11/3/035014Garcia-Casado, J., Zena-Gimenez, V., Prats-Boluda, G., & Ye-Lin, Y. (2013). Enhancement of Non-Invasive Recording of Electroenterogram by Means of a Flexible Array of Concentric Ring Electrodes. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 42(3), 651-660. doi:10.1007/s10439-013-0935-yZena-Giménez, V., Garcia-Casado, J., Ye-Lin, Y., Garcia-Breijo, E., & Prats-Boluda, G. (2018). A Flexible Multiring Concentric Electrode for Non-Invasive Identification of Intestinal Slow Waves. Sensors, 18(2), 396. doi:10.3390/s18020396Ye-Lin, Y., Alberola-Rubio, J., Prats-boluda, G., Perales, A., Desantes, D., & Garcia-Casado, J. (2014). Feasibility and Analysis of Bipolar Concentric Recording of Electrohysterogram with Flexible Active Electrode. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 43(4), 968-976. doi:10.1007/s10439-014-1130-5Prats-Boluda, G., Ye-Lin, Y., Pradas-Novella, F., Garcia-Breijo, E., & Garcia-Casado, J. (2018). Textile Concentric Ring Electrodes: Influence of Position and Electrode Size on Cardiac Activity Monitoring. Journal of Sensors, 2018, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2018/7290867Wang, Y.-C., Chang, C.-F., Lin, H.-C., Lin, K.-S., Lin, K.-T., Hung, C.-M., & Lin, T.-M. (2010). Functional characterisation of a complex mutation in the α(1,4)galactosyltransferase gene in Taiwanese individuals with p phenotype. Transfusion Medicine, 21(2), 84-89. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2010.01055.xMakeyev, O., Ding, Q., & Besio, W. G. (2016). Improving the accuracy of Laplacian estimation with novel multipolar concentric ring electrodes. Measurement, 80, 44-52. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2015.11.017Makeyev, O., & Besio, W. (2016). Improving the Accuracy of Laplacian Estimation with Novel Variable Inter-Ring Distances Concentric Ring Electrodes. Sensors, 16(6), 858. doi:10.3390/s16060858Makeyev, O. (2018). Solving the general inter-ring distances optimization problem for concentric ring electrodes to improve Laplacian estimation. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 17(1). doi:10.1186/s12938-018-0549-6Ye-Lin, Y., Bueno-Barrachina, J. M., Prats-boluda, G., Rodriguez de Sanabria, R., & Garcia-Casado, J. (2017). Wireless sensor node for non-invasive high precision electrocardiographic signal acquisition based on a multi-ring electrode. Measurement, 97, 195-202. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2016.11.009Besio, W., & Chen, T. (2007). Tripolar Laplacian electrocardiogram and moment of activation isochronal mapping. Physiological Measurement, 28(5), 515-529. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/28/5/006Hamilton, P. S., & Tompkins, W. J. (1986). Quantitative Investigation of QRS Detection Rules Using the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-33(12), 1157-1165. doi:10.1109/tbme.1986.325695Prats-Boluda, G., Ye-Lin, Y., Bueno-Barrachina, J., Rodriguez de Sanabria, R., & Garcia-Casado, J. (2016). Towards the clinical use of concentric electrodes in ECG recordings: influence of ring dimensions and electrode position. Measurement Science and Technology, 27(2), 025705. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/27/2/025705Mittal, S., Movsowitz, C., & Steinberg, J. S. (2011). Ambulatory External Electrocardiographic Monitoring. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58(17), 1741-1749. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.07.026Garcia-Casado, J., Ye-Lin, Y., Prats-Boluda, G., & Makeyev, O. (2019). Evaluation of Bipolar, Tripolar, and Quadripolar Laplacian Estimates of Electrocardiogram via Concentric Ring Electrodes. Sensors, 19(17), 3780. doi:10.3390/s19173780Xu, Y., Luo, M., Li, T., & Song, G. (2017). ECG Signal De-noising and Baseline Wander Correction Based on CEEMDAN and Wavelet Threshold. Sensors, 17(12), 2754. doi:10.3390/s17122754Ortigueira, M. D., Laleg-Kirati, T.-M., & Machado, J. A. T. (2014). Riesz potential versus fractional Laplacian. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2014(9), P09032. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2014/09/p0903

Aplicación de la Clase Inversa en la Enseñanza de la Electrónica Analógica en un Grupo de Alto Rendimiento Académico

[EN] The need of increasing the participation of the student in the teaching and learning process at University has led to the concept of flip teaching. This methodology is characterized by the fact that the student works on the theoretical concepts independently and using mainly audiovisual materials. Later, the student works on applied activities in the teaching room under the teacher supervision, in order to reinforce his learning. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the impact of flip teaching in analog electronics in the Degree of Engineering in Electronics and Automatics. This methodology has been applied during the academic years 2014-2015, 2015- 2016, and 2016-2017 in the group of high academic performance (ARA group), in which English is the medium of instruction. 95% of our students considered that flip teaching was a very adecuate methodology for the teaching and learning process of this course. Furthermore, the evaluation methods based on the tool SOCRATIVE have been positevely accepted. Finally, the academic performance was higher in the ARA group with respect to the rest of the groups, which did not happen in previous years when no flip teaching was applied at all.[ES] De la necesidad de una mayor participación del alumnado universitario en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje ha surgido el concepto de la docencia inversa. Mediante el uso de esta metodología, el alumno trabaja, de manera independiente, los conceptos más teóricos, con la ayuda de material audiovisual principalmente. Posteriormente, en clase, el alumno realiza actividades más prácticas dirigidas por el profesor y así afianza los conceptos aprendidos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar el impacto de dicha metodología en la enseñanza de la electrónica analógica en la titulación de Grado en Ingeniería Electrónica y Automática. Se ha aplicado la docencia inversa en los cursos 2014-2015, 2015-2016 y 2016-2017 en el grupo de alto rendimiento académico, que cursa la asignatura en inglés. La valoración del alumnado ha sido muy positiva: un 95% del alumnado considera muy adecuada la metodología. Además, los métodos de evaluación mediante el uso de la herramienta SOCRATIVE se han valorado positivamente y el rendimiento académico del grupo ARA ha mejorado con respecto a los demás grupos, lo cual no sucedió en años anteriores cuando no se aplicaba la docencia inversa.Trénor Gomis, BA.; Prats Boluda, G.; Ye Lin, Y. (2017). Aplicación de la Clase Inversa en la Enseñanza de la Electrónica Analógica en un Grupo de Alto Rendimiento Académico. En In-Red 2017. III Congreso Nacional de innovación educativa y de docencia en red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 517-528. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2017.2017.6842OCS51752

Inception 1D-convolutional neural network for accurate prediction of electrical insulator leakage current from environmental data during its normal operation using long-term recording

[EN] Contamination flashover remains one of the biggest challenges for power grid designers and maintenance engineers. Insulator leakage current contains relevant information about their state so that continuous monitoring is considered the most effective way to prevent contamination flashover. In this work, we attempted to accurately predict insulator leakage current in real time during normal operations based on environmental data using long-term recordings. We first confirmed that the history of environmental data also contained relevant information to predict leakage current by conditional Granger analysis and determined that 20 was the optimal previous samples number for this purpose. We then compared the performance of typical regression models and convolutional neural network (CNN), when using both current and the last 21 samples as input features. We confirmed that the model with the last 21 samples might perform significantly better. Input features pre-processing by cascaded inception architecture was fundamental to capture the complex dynamic interaction between environmental data and leakage current and significantly improved the model performance. CNN based on inception architecture performed much better, achieving an average R2 of 0.94 ±0.03. The proposed model could be used to predict leakage current in both porcelain insulators with or without coatings and silicone composite insulators. Our results pave the way for creating an on-line pre-warning system adapted to individual installations, can anticipate the negative consequences of weather and/or pollution deposits and is useful for designing a strategic high-voltage electrical insulator preventive maintenance plan for preventing contamination flashover and thus increase power grid reliability and resilience.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain, the European Regional Development Fund (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE RTI2018-094449-A-I00-AR) .Bueno Barrachina, JM.; Ye Lin, Y.; Nieto Del-Amor, F.; Fuster Roig, VL. (2023). Inception 1D-convolutional neural network for accurate prediction of electrical insulator leakage current from environmental data during its normal operation using long-term recording. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.10579911

Assessment of haemophilic arthropathy through balance analysis: a promising tool

This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Xavier García-Massó, Yiyao Ye-Lin, Javier Garcia-Casado, Felipe Querol & Luis-Millan Gonzalez (2019) Assessment of haemophilic arthropathy through balance analysis: a promising tool, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 22:4, 418-425, DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2018.1561877, available online at: http://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2018.1561877.[EN] The purpose of this study was to develop a tool able to distinguish between subjects who have haemophilic arthropathy in lower limbs and those who do not by analyzing the centre of pressure displacement. The second objective was to assess the possible different responses of haemophiliacs and healthy subjects by creating a classifier that could distinguish between both groups. Fiftyfour haemophilic patients (28 with and 26 without arthropathy) and 23 healthy subjects took part voluntarily in the study. A force plate was used to measure postural stability. A total of 276 centre of pressure displacement parameters were calculated under different conditions: unipedal/bipedal balance with eyes open/closed. These parameters were used to design a Quadratic Discriminant Analysis classifier. The arthropathy versus non-arthropathy classifier had an overall accuracy of 97.5% when only 10 features were used in its design. Similarly, the haemophiliac versus nonhaemophiliac classifier had an overall accuracy of 97.2% when only 7 features were used. In conclusion, an objective haemophilic arthropathy in lower limbs evaluation system was developed by analyzing centre of pressure displacement signals. The haemophiliac vs. non-haemophiliac classifier designed was also able to corroborate the existing differences in postural control between haemophilic patients (with and without arthropathy) and healthy subjects.García-Massó, X.; Ye Lin, Y.; Garcia-Casado, J.; Querol -Fuentes, F.; Gonzalez, L. (2019). Assessment of haemophilic arthropathy through balance analysis: a promising tool. Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering. 22(4):418-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2018.1561877S418425224Amoud, H., Abadi, M., Hewson, D. J., Michel-Pellegrino, V., Doussot, M., & Duchêne, J. (2007). Fractal time series analysis of postural stability in elderly and control subjects. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 4(1), 12. doi:10.1186/1743-0003-4-12AZNAR, J. A., ABAD-FRANCH, L., CORTINA, V. R., & MARCO, P. (2009). The national registry of haemophilia A and B in Spain: results from a census of patients. Haemophilia, 15(6), 1327-1330. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02101.xCabeza-Ruiz, R., García-Massó, X., Centeno-Prada, R. A., Beas-Jiménez, J. D., Colado, J. C., & González, L.-M. (2011). Time and frequency analysis of the static balance in young adults with Down syndrome. Gait & Posture, 33(1), 23-28. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.09.014Cruz-Montecinos, C., De la Fuente, C., Rivera-Lillo, G., Morales-Castillo, S., Soto-Arellano, V., Querol, F., & Pérez-Alenda, S. (2017). Sensory strategies of postural sway during quiet stance in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 23(5), e419-e426. doi:10.1111/hae.13297De SOUZA, F. M. B., PEREIRA, R. P., MINUQUE, N. P., Do CARMO, C. M., De MELLO, M. H. M., VILLAÇA, P., & TANAKA, C. (2012). Postural adjustment after an unexpected perturbation in children with haemophilia. Haemophilia, 18(3), e311-e315. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02768.xDORIA, A. S. (2010). State-of-the-art imaging techniques for the evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy: present and future. Haemophilia, 16, 107-114. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02307.xFALK, B., PORTAL, S., TIKTINSKY, R., WEINSTEIN, Y., CONSTANTINI, N., & MARTINOWITZ, U. (2000). Anaerobic power and muscle strength in young hemophilia patients. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 52. doi:10.1097/00005768-200001000-00009GALLACH, J. E., QUEROL, F., GONZÁLEZ, L. M., PARDO, A., & AZNAR, J. A. (2008). Posturographic analysis of balance control in patients with haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 14(2), 329-335. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01613.xGONZÁLEZ, L.-M., QUEROL, F., GALLACH, J. E., GOMIS, M., & AZNAR, V. A. (2007). Force fluctuations during the Maximum Isometric Voluntary Contraction of the quadriceps femoris in haemophilic patients. Haemophilia, 13(1), 65-70. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01354.xHACKER, M. R., FUNK, S. M., & MANCO-JOHNSON, M. J. (2007). The Colorado Haemophilia Paediatric Joint Physical Examination Scale: normal values and interrater reliability. Haemophilia, 13(1), 71-78. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01387.xHilberg, T., Herbsleb, M., Gabriel, H. H. W., Jeschke, D., & Schramm, W. (2001). Proprioception and isometric muscular strength in haemophilic subjects. Haemophilia, 7(6), 582-588. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2516.2001.00563.xHilgartner, M. W. (2002). Current treatment of hemophilic arthropathy. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 14(1), 46-49. doi:10.1097/00008480-200202000-00008KHAN, U., BOGUE, C., UNGAR, W. J., HILLIARD, P., CARCAO, M., MOINEDDIN, R., & DORIA, A. S. (2009). Cost-effectiveness analysis of different imaging strategies for diagnosis of haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 16(2), 322-332. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02125.xKURZ, E., HERBSLEB, M., ANDERS, C., PUTA, C., VOLLANDT, R., CZEPA, D., … HILBERG, T. (2011). SEMG activation patterns of thigh muscles during upright standing in haemophilic patients. Haemophilia, 17(4), 669-675. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02466.xLAFEBER, F. P. J. G., MIOSSEC, P., & VALENTINO, L. A. (2008). Physiopathology of haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 14(s4), 3-9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01732.xLundin, B., Pettersson, H., & Ljung, R. (2004). A new magnetic resonance imaging scoring method for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 10(4), 383-389. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.00902.xMasui, T., Hasegawa, Y., Yamaguchi, J., Kanoh, T., Ishiguro, N., & Suzuki, S. (2006). Increasing postural sway in rural-community-dwelling elderly persons with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 11(4), 353-358. doi:10.1007/s00776-006-1034-9Mitchell, S. L., Collin, J. J., De Luca, C. J., Burrows, A., & Lipsitz, L. A. (1995). Open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease: increased mediolateral activity during quiet standing. Neuroscience Letters, 197(2), 133-136. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11924-lMolho, Rolland, Lebrun, Dirat, Courpied, … Croughs. (2000). Epidemiological survey of the orthopaedic status of severe haemophilia A and B patients in France. Haemophilia, 6(1), 23-32. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2516.2000.00358.xPERGANTOU, H., MATSINOS, G., PAPADOPOULOS, A., PLATOKOUKI, H., & ARONIS, S. (2006). Comparative study of validity of clinical, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging scores in evaluation and management of haemophilic arthropathy in children. Haemophilia, 12(3), 241-247. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01208.xPIPE, S. W., & VALENTINO, L. A. (2007). Optimizing outcomes for patients with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia, 13(s4), 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01552.xPlug, I. (2004). Thirty years of hemophilia treatment in the Netherlands, 1972-2001. Blood, 104(12), 3494-3500. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-05-2008Prieto, T. E., Myklebust, J. B., Hoffmann, R. G., Lovett, E. G., & Myklebust, B. M. (1996). Measures of postural steadiness: differences between healthy young and elderly adults. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 43(9), 956-966. doi:10.1109/10.532130Leslie, R., & Catherine, M. (2007). Modern management of haemophilic arthropathy. British Journal of Haematology, 136(6), 777-787. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06490.xSILVA, M., LUCK, J. V., QUON, D., YOUNG, C. R., CHIN, D. M., EBRAMZADEH, E., & FONG, Y.-J. (2008). Inter- and intra-observer reliability of radiographic scores commonly used for the evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia, 14(3), 504-512. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01630.xSouza, F. M. B., McLaughlin, P., Pereira, R. P., Minuque, N. P., Mello, M. H. M., Siqueira, C., … Tanaka, C. (2013). The effects of repetitive haemarthrosis on postural balance in children with haemophilia. Haemophilia, 19(4), e212-e217. doi:10.1111/hae.12106TAKEDANI, H., FUJII, T., KOBAYASHI, Y., HAGA, N., TATSUNAMI, S., & FUJII, T. (2010). Inter-observer reliability of three different radiographic scores for adult haemophilia. Haemophilia, 17(1), 134-138. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02389.xTIKTINSKY, R., FALK, B., HEIM, M., & MARTINOVITZ, U. (2002). The effect of resistance training on the frequency of bleeding in haemophilia patients: a pilot study. Haemophilia, 8(1), 22-27. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2516.2002.00575.

Novel technique for estimating pollution-associated leakage current in high voltage insulators based on adaptive filtering in long-term recording

[EN] Moist polluting substances on high-voltage insulator surfaces can cause power-line failures by triggering electric arcs. There are at present no effective methods of measuring insulator pollution levels during normal operations. In this work, we attempt to estimate insulator pollution leakage current (PLC) as an indirect method of measuring deposits in a 30 month period of simultaneously recording leakage current and related environmental variables in substation insulators. We analyzed the relationship between raw leakage current and environmental variables. We canceled out the influence of relative humidity on leakage current by adaptive filtering and then obtained the PLC by filtering out the anomalous peaks in the recording. The proposed method considerably reduces the correlation between leakage current and relative humidity (0.826 vs 0.019). The resulting signal was only slightly correlated with other environmental variables (<0.03), suggesting that the relationships between leakage current and temperature, wind direction and speed are mainly attributable to their influence on relative humidity. The PLC presents a quasi-annual smooth fluctuation over time with a magnitude similar to those obtained in laboratory tests. This novel technique could be used to monitor insulator PLC in real time and thus improve power supply continuity and reduce maintenance costs.Bueno-Barrachina, J.; Cañas Peñuelas, CS.; Ye Lin, Y.; Fuster Roig, VL. (2021). Novel technique for estimating pollution-associated leakage current in high voltage insulators based on adaptive filtering in long-term recording. Measurement Science and Technology. 32(5):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/abea3dS11032

Análisis del uso del póster científico y de la revisión por pares como herramienta desarrollo de la competencia comunicación efectiva en estudiantes de grado en ingeniería

[EN] Today’s society requires graduates who present a wide range of cross skills in addition to master the specific skills of their grade, as in the case of effective communication skill. In this paper the use of scientific-technical poster as a communication tool for undergraduate engineering students is studied, analyzing whether peer review teaching strategy can improve the students’ writing-visual communication skills. Additionally, the burden associated with the use of this strategy and the students’ degree of acceptance is studied. Experimental results indicate that both students and teachers have positively assessed the use of the scientific-technical poster as an effective tool for developing the students’ communication skills. Furthermore, peer review process has identified numerous common errors in the posters made by the students, improving their skill development without excessive additional burden. 92.3% of the surveyed students consider that peer review is a good teaching strategy for developing communication skills and it should be extended to other subjects and/or courses.[ES] La sociedad actual requiere de egresados que además de dominar las competencias específicas de su título presenten un amplio abanico de competencias transversales como es el caso de la comunicación efectiva. En el presente trabajo se valora el uso del póster científico-técnico como herramienta de comunicación para los alumnos de grado en ingeniería, analizando si el empleo de la revisión por pares permite a los estudiantes mejorar esta competencia. Asimismo se valora el grado de aceptación de esta metodología por parte del alumnado y si supone una carga adicional excesiva o no. Los resultados de la experiencia indican que tanto el alumnado como el profesorado valoran positivamente el desarrollo y defensa de un póster científico–técnico como herramienta de trabajo de la competencia comunicación efectiva. Además se evidencia que el proceso de la revisión por pares ha permitido identificar un gran número de errores presentes en los pósteres elaborados por los alumnos, ayudándoles a una mejor adhesión de la competencia, sin suponer una carga adicional excesiva.El 92.3% de los alumnos encuestados de la asignatura opinan que es una buena herramienta docente que debería emplearse en otras asignaturas y/o cursos.Prats Boluda, G.; Ye Lin, Y.; Trénor Gomis, BA. (2016). Análisis del uso del póster científico y de la revisión por pares como herramienta desarrollo de la competencia comunicación efectiva en estudiantes de grado en ingeniería. En In-Red 2016. II Congreso nacional de innovación educativa y docencia en red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2016.2016.4381OC

Identification of atrial fibrillation drivers by means of concentric ring electrodes

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has tripled in the last 50 years due to population aging. High-frequency (DFdriver) activated atrial regions lead the activation of the rest of the atria, disrupting the propagation wavefront. Fourier based spectral analysis of body surface potential maps have been proposed for DFdriver identification, although these approaches present serious drawbacks due to their limited spectral resolution for short AF epochs and the blurring effect of the volume conductor. Laplacian signals (BC-ECG) from bipolar concentric ring electrodes (CRE) have been shown to outperform the spatial resolution achieved with conventional unipolar recordings. Our aimed was to determine the best DFdriver estimator in endocardial electrograms and to assess the BC-ECG capacity of CRE to quantify AF activity non-invasively