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κ²½κ΄ν¨ν΄μ λ³νκ° μκ°νμ§μ μνκ³μλΉμ€μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯-μ곡κ°μ κ΄μ μμ
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : νκ²½λνμ νλκ³Όμ μ‘°κ²½ν, 2018. 8. Youngkeun Song.λκ·λͺ¨μ κΈκ²©ν λμνλ μνκ³ μλΉμ€μ ν΄λ³΄μ μλ¬Όλ€μμ±μ μμ€μ μΌκΈ°ν μ μλ ν μ§ μ΄μ©μ λ³νλ₯Ό μΌμΌν€λ μμΈμΌλ‘ μμ©νλ€. μμμ§κ° μ 곡νλ μνκ³ μλΉμ€μ μ§μ κ²½κ΄ ν¨ν΄μ μν΄ ν¬κ² μν₯μ λ°μ μ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ λ€μν λμ κ·λͺ¨μ κ²½κ΄ ν¨ν΄κ³Ό μνκ³ μλΉμ€μ μμ¬μ λ³νμ λν μμ μ§μμ μ νμ μ΄λ€. λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μΈκ°μ΄ μ μ νκ³ νλνλ νκ΅ μμΈμ κ²½κ΄μ λν μΈκ°μ§ μ¬λ‘ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ κ²½κ΄ μ νκ³Ό μνκ³ μλΉμ€μ λ³νμ κ΄κ³μ λνμ¬ λ§€ννκ³ μ λννκ³ μ νμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν λͺ©νλ₯Ό λ¬μ±νκΈ° μνμ¬ 1950λ
λΆν° 2015λ
κΉμ§μ ν μ§μ΄μ©/ν μ§ νΌλ³΅μ λν μκ³μ΄ μλ£λ₯Ό ArcGIS μννΈμ¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ λ§λ€μλ€. κ²½κ΄ ν¨ν΄μ λ³νλ FRAGSTATSμννΈμ¨μ΄(ver. 4.2.1)λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ λννμλ€. νΉμ κ²½κ΄ λ§€νΈλ¦μ€μ νμ μ§ν©μ΄ κ°κ°μ μ°κ΅¬μ μ΄μ©λμλ€. μνκ³ μλΉμ€λ μνκ³ μλΉμ€ λ° νΈλ μ΄νΈ μ€ν ν΅ν© κ°μΉ λͺ¨λΈ(InVEST)μ ν΅ν΄ 맀ν, μ λννμλ€.
μ 1μ₯μμλ λμ λ
Ήμ§κ³΅κ°μ μν΄ λ§λ€μ΄μ§λ μνκ³ μλΉμ€μ λνμ¬ μλ³νκ³ μμΈμ λ¨λΆ μ§μ κ·λͺ¨μμ μκ³μ΄μ λ³νλ₯Ό μ λννμλ€. μ΄ μ°κ΅¬μμλ λ¨Όμ κ²½κ΄μ λ³νλ₯Ό νμ§νκ³ μνκ³ μλΉμ€μ μ§νμ€ νλμΈ νμ 격리λ₯Ό μν μ¬λ‘λ‘ μ μ , InVESTλͺ¨λΈμ μ΄μ©νμ¬ κ³΅κ°μ λ³νλ₯Ό λμΆνμλ€. μ΄ μ μ¬ νμ 격리λ 1975 λ
λΆν° 2015 λ
κΉμ§ 41.2 % κ°μνμμΌλ©°, κ²½κ΄ λ©νΈλ¦μ€μμ λνλλ λ°μ κ°μ΄ λμ μ§μμμλ κ²½κ΄μ μμ€κ³Ό λ¨νΈνκ° λ°μνμκ³ ν¨μΉλ λ¨μνλκ³ μΆμλμλ€. λμ±μ΄ λμλ¦Όκ³Ό λμ
μ§μμ ν° κ°μκ° νμ 격리 κ°μμ μ£Ό μμΈμΌλ‘ μμ©νμλ€. λ°λ©΄μ μ΄μ§ λ©΄μ μ 120% μ¦κ°λ μ΄λ¬ν λκ°μ§ μμΈμ λ€μ μμνμλ€.
μ 2μ₯μμλ μ°λ¦Ό μνκ³ λ²μμ μΈκ°μ΄ μ μ νκ³ νλνλ μμΈμ κ²½κ΄μμ μνκ³ μλΉμ€λ₯Ό λ§λ€μ΄ λ΄λ HFR μν μ λ³νλ₯Ό μνκ³ μλΉμ€μ μ§νλ‘μ μλ¬Όλ€μμ±μ μμμ§ κ³΅κ° κ΅¬μ±μ ν΅νμ¬ μΈ‘μ νμλ€. λ κΈ°κ°μ ν μ§νΌλ³΅ μ§λλ HFRκ³Ό νμ¬μ 곡μ λ΄μμ κ³ λ¦½λ 37κ°μ ν¨μΉλ€μ μλ³νκ³ μνλ§νλλ° μ΄μ©λμλ€. κ·Έλ° λ€μ, κ²½κ΄μ ν¨ν΄κ³Ό μμμ§ μ§ λͺ¨λΈ λ° μμμ§ λ¨μλ₯Ό InVESTλͺ¨λΈμ νμ©νμ¬ μλ¬Όλ€μμ±μ νλ‘μλ‘μ κ³λννμλ€. λ€μ΄μ΄, νΌμ΄μ¨ μκ΄ κ³μμ λ¨κ³λ³ λ€μ€ νκ· λΆμμ μ¬μ©νμ¬ HUμ κ²°ν© λ μ‘°κ²½ λ©νΈλ¦μ€λ₯Ό μ‘°μ¬νμμΌλ©° μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ HFRμ μλ¬Ό λ€μμ±μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ ν΅μ¬ μμΈμ νμνμλ€. μ 체 μ² μ§μμ νμ°ν κ°μλ‘ μ΄ HUSμ 35.31%κ°μκ° κ΄μ°°λμλ€INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1. MAPPING AND QUANTIFYING VARIATIONS IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF URBAN GREEN SPACES: A TEST CASE OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION AT THE DISTRICT SCALE FOR SEOUL, KOREAοΌ1975-2015οΌ 5
1.1 Introduction 5
1.2 Methods 7
1.2.1 Research site 7
1.2.2 Data 8
1.2.3 Data analysis 9
1.3 Results and Discussion 12
1.3.1 Detection of historical changes in urban landscape 12
1.3.2 Historical changes of carbon sequestration (CS) 16
1.3.3 The role and applications of urban green spaces in ESs 17
CHAPTER 2. EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE PATTERNS OF CURRENT FORESTS ON THE HABITAT QUALITY OF HISTORICAL REMNANTS IN A HIGHLY REMNANTS IN A HIGHLY URBANIZED AREA: SEOUL (1972-2015) 18
2.1 Introduction 18
2.2 Methods 20
2.2.1 Study Area 20
2.2.2 Base Data 24
2.2.3 Data Analyses 24
2.3 Results 33
2.3.1 Landscape fragmentation of forest habitats at the class level 33
2.3.2 Estimating and characterizing HQ and HUs 34
2.3.3 Correlation analyses and the regression model for sampling patches within current parks 36
2.4 Discussion 38
CHAPTER 3. SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN A METROPOLITAN FRINGE: SEOUL (1950-2015) 44
3.1 Introduction 44
3.1.1 Informal settlements in the urban fringes 44
3.1.2 Spatial analysis for informal settlements 45
3.1.3 Informal settlements in Seoul metropolitan fringe 46
3.2 Materials and Methods 49
3.2.1 Study area 49
3.2.2 Date collecting 50
3.2.3 Date processing 51
3.2.4 Date analysis 55
3.3 Results 58
3.3.1 Changes in land cover types over time 58
3.3.2 Changes in spontaneous settlement cover over time 62
3.3.3 Relationships between topographical characteristics and spontaneous settlements cover among bands 65
3.4 Discussion 67
3.4.1 Historical LULC changes from 1950 to 2015 67
3.4.2 The spatial characteristics of informal settlement formation in the GA as indicated by topographical characteristics 68
3.4.3 Implications for urban planning and the redevelopment of informal settlements 70
CONCLUSION 72
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 76
REFERENCES 77
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 89Docto
Role of Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis in Gynecological Diseases and the Potential Interventions
Vaginal microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by the loss of Lactobacillus dominance and increase of microbial diversity, is closely related to gynecological diseases; thus, intervention on microbiota composition is significant and promising in the treatment of gynecological diseases. Currently, antibiotics and/or probiotics are the mainstay of treatment, which show favorable therapeutic effects but also bring problems such as drug resistance and high recurrence. In this review, we discuss the role of vaginal microbiota dysbiosis in various gynecological infectious and non-infectious diseases, as well as the current and potential interventions
Legendre Invariance and Geometrothermodynamics Description of the 3D Charged-Dilaton Black Hole
We first review Weinhold information geometry and Ruppeiner information geometry of 3D charged-dilaton black hole. Then, we use the Legendre invariant to introduce a 2-dimensional thermodynamic metric in the space of equilibrium states, which becomes singular at those points. According to the analysis of the heat capacities, these points are the places where phase transitions occur. This result is valid for the black hole, therefore, provides a geometrothermodynamics description of black hole phase transitions in terms of curvature singularities
Thermodynamics, geometrothermodynamics and critical behavior of (2+1)-dimensional black holes
In this paper, we study the properties of the (2+1)-dimensional black holes
from the viewpoint of geometrothermodynamics. We show that the Legendre
invariant metric of the (2+1)-dimensional black holes can produce correctly the
behavior of the thermodynamic interaction and phase transition structure of the
corresponding black hole configurations. We find that they are both curved and
the curvature scalar gives the information about the phase transition point.Comment: Accepted by PLB. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0811.2524,
arXiv:0902.4488, arXiv:0805.3003 by other author
(Main Section: Community Planning)
Urban ecosystem services (ESs) can moderate many common environmental issues in cities that are caused by the land use transformation central to urbanization. However, quantitative knowledge of historical changes in ES provisioning at various urban scales is limited. In this research, it is proposed to identify ESs, especially those generated by urban green space (UGS), and quantify their spatiotemporal variations at the regional scale in the southern part of Seoul City, Korea. Changes are first detected in landscape patterns, then one ES indicator β carbon sequestration (CS) β is chosen as a test case, and its spatial pattern explored using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Total potential CS decreased by 41.2% from 1975 to 2015, with loss and fragmentation of landscapes occurring and patches becoming smaller and simpler in shape in the urban area, as indicated by landscape metrics. Moreover, strong decreases in urban forest and agricultural areas were the primary causes of loss of CS. On the other hand, a 120% increase in the grassland area somewhat offset these two factors. It is hoped that these results will contribute to cognizance of the potential of historical processes to inform future policy decisions related to green infrastructure and land-use planning
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