Parameter Estimation for Class A Modeled Ocean Ambient Noise

A Gaussian distribution is used by all traditional underwater acoustic signal processors, thus neglecting the impulsive property of ocean ambient noise in shallow waters. Undoubtedly, signal processors designed with a Gaussian model are sub-optimal in the presence of non-Gaussian noise. To solve this problem, firstly a quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot of real data was analyzed, which further showed the necessity of investigating a non-Gaussian noise model. A Middleton Class A noise model considering impulsive noise was used to model non-Gaussian noise in shallow waters. After that, parameter estimation for the Class A model was carried out with the characteristic function. Lastly, the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper was verified by using simulated data and real data

Parameter Estimation for Class a Modeled Ocean Ambient Noise

A Gaussian distribution is used by all traditional underwater acoustic signal processors, thus neglecting the impulsive property of ocean ambient noise in shallow waters. Undoubtedly, signal processors designed with a Gaussian model are sub-optimal in the presence of non-Gaussian noise. To solve this problem, firstly a quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot of real data was analyzed, which further showed the necessity of investigating a non-Gaussian noise model. A Middleton Class A noise model considering impulsive noise was used to model non-Gaussian noise in shallow waters. After that, parameter estimation for the Class A model was carried out with the characteristic function. Lastly, the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper was verified by using simulated data and real data

Anti-endometriosis Mechanism of Jiawei Foshou San Based on Network Pharmacology

Jiawei Foshou San (JFS) is the new formula originated from classic Foshou San formula, composed with ligustrazine, ferulic acid, and tetrahydropalmatine. Previously JFS inhibited the growth of endometriosis (EMS) with unclear mechanism, especially in metastasis, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In this study, network pharmacology was performed to explore potential mechanism of JFS on EMS. Through compound–compound target and compound target–EMS target networks, key targets were analyzed for pathway enrichment. MMP–TIMP were uncovered as one cluster of the core targets. Furthermore, autologous transplantation of EMS rat’s model were used to evaluate in vivo effect of JFS on invasion, metastasis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. JFS significantly suppressed the growth, and reduced the volume of ectopic endometrium, with modification of pathologic structure. In-depth study, invasion and metastasis were restrained after treating with JFS through decreasing MMP-2 and MMP-9, increasing TIMP-1. Meanwhile, JFS promoted E-cadherin, and attenuated N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, Twist. In brief, anti-EMS effect of JFS might be related to the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transformation, thereby inhibition of invasion and metastasis. These findings reveal the potential mechanism of JFS on EMS and the benefit for further evaluation

Rethinking China's new great wall

China’s position as the world’s second largest economy is largely due to its rapid economic growth in the coastal region, which composes only 13% of China’s total land area, yet contributes 60% of the gross domestic product (GDP). To create extra land for the rapidly growing economy, coastal wetlands have been enclosed by thousands of kilometers of seawalls, whose length exceeds that of China’s famous ancient “Great Wall” (see photos and map). This new “Great Wall,” covering 60% of the total length of coast-line along mainland China ( 1), caused a dramatic decline in internationally shared biodiversity and associated ecosystem services and will threaten regional ecological security and sustainable development. Here, we outline these problems, analyze the drivers behind wetland reclamation, and propose measures for effective wetland management

Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball-patterned arrays.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.This work is part of the ‘‘SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium’’ (STOC) paper package. A list of STOC members is available at: http://sto-consortium.org. We would like to thank the MOTIC China Group, Rongqin Ke (Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China), Jiazuan Ni (Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China), Wei Huang (Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China), and Jonathan S. Weissman (Whitehead Institute, Boston, USA) for their help. This work was supported by the grant of Top Ten Foundamental Research Institutes of Shenzhen, the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics (ZDSYS20190902093613831), and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write (2017B030301011); Longqi Liu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900466) and Miguel A. Esteban’s laboratory at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16030502), National Natural Science Foundation of China (92068106), and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021B1515120075).S

An Imaging Algorithm for Multireceiver Synthetic Aperture Sonar

For the multireceiver synthetic aperture sonar (SAS), the point target reference spectrum (PTRS) in the two-dimensional (2D) frequency domain and azimuth modulation in the range Doppler domain were first deduced based on a numerical evaluation method and accurate time delay. Then, the difference between the PTRS and azimuth modulation generated the coupling term in the 2D frequency domain. Compared with traditional methods, the PTRS, azimuth modulation and coupling term was better at avoiding approximations. Based on three functions, an imaging algorithm is presented in this paper. Considering the fact that the coupling term is characterized by range variance, the range-dependent sub-block processing method was exploited to perform the decoupling. Simulation results showed that the presented method improved the imaging performance across the whole swath in comparison with existing multireceiver SAS processor. Furthermore, real data was used to validate the presented method

An MR-Based Viscosity-Type Regularization Method for Electrical Property Tomography

Here, a method based on viscosity-type regularization is proposed for magnetic resonance electrical property tomography (MREPT) to mitigate persistent artifacts when it is used to reconstruct a map of electrical properties based on data from a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The challenges for solving the corresponding partial differential equation (PDE) are discussed in detail. The existing artifacts in the numerical results are pointed out and classified. The methods in the literature for MREPT are mainly based on an assumption of local homogeneity, which makes the approach simple but leads to artifacts in the transition region where electrical properties vary rapidly. Recent work has focused on eliminating the assumption of local homogeneity, and one of the solutions is convection–reaction MREPT that is based on a first-order PDE. Numerical solutions of the PDE have persistent artifacts in certain regions and global spurious oscillations. Here, a method based on viscosity-type regularization is proposed to effectively mitigate the aforementioned problems. Finite difference method is used for discretizing the governing PDE. Numerical experiments are presented to analyze the problem in detail. Electrical properties of different phantoms are successfully retrieved. The efficiency, accuracy, and noise tolerance of the proposed method are illustrated with numerical results