On Japan’s wartime standard ship plan during the Pacific War

During the Pacific War, Japan built a large number of ships for wartime transportation according to the changes of the war situation, and mode four “wartime standard ship” construction plans. These “wartime standard ships” were the main forces for Japan to transport materials and troops during the war. However, limited by internal contradictions, domestic resources and industrial manufacturing capacity, the quantity and quality of “wartime standard ships” are constantly changing, and the four plans have not been implemented on time and fully. This paper investigates the formulation and implementation of Japan’s wartime standard ship plan, explores the specialization process of Japan’s wartime ship construction, and further analyzes its impact on the postwar shipbuilding industry.陶徳民教授古稀記念

Unloading of low velocity impact between elastic and elastic-plastic bodies

The unloading process of an elastic sphere impacting an elastic-perfectly plastic half-space under low velocity and frictionless conditions is deeply studied in the light of finite element (FE) analysis. The unloading in the FE simulations ranges from elastic-plastic to fully plastic deformation regimes by designed impact velocities and material properties. The cavity profiles after unloading are measured from the FE simulations based on the spherical residual cavity validation. An analytical expression of the radius of spherical residual cavity is derived from the fitting method. The residual radius of curvature is determined by combining its physical definition with the analytical expression. A new revised Hertz unloading model is suggested, which is validated numerically and experimentally

Molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli in pediatric patients in China

Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) have been increasingly reported in China. However, dynamic monitoring data on molecular epidemiology of CR-GNB are limited in pediatric patients. Results 300 CR-GNB isolates (200 Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), 50 carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii (CRAB) and 50 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA)) were investigated. The predominant carbapenemase gene was bla NDM−1 (73%) and bla KPC−2 (65%) in neonates and non-neonates. Meanwhile, the predominant STs were ST11 (54%) in neonates and ST17 (27.0%) and ST278 (20.0%) in non-neonates. Notably, a shift in the dominant sequence type of CRKP infections from ST17 /ST278-NDM-1 to ST11-KPC-2 was observed during the years 2017–2021 and KPC-KP showed relatively higher resistance to aminoglycosides and quinolones than NDM-KP.Bla OXA−23 was isolated from all the CRAB isolates while only one isolate expressing bla BIC and 2 isolates expressing bla VIM−2 were found in CRPA isolates. ST195 (22.0%) and ST244 (24.0%) were the most common in CRAB and CRPA isolates and all the STs of CRAB belonged to CC92 while CRPA presents ST types with diversity distribution. Conclusion CRKP showed different molecular phenotypes in neonates and non-neonates and was changing dynamically and high-risk clone of ST11 KPC-KP should be paid more attention. Most CRKP and CRAB strains shared the same CCs, suggesting that intrahospital transmission may occur, and large-scale screening and more effective measures are urgently needed

Effects of Mn average oxidation state on the oxidation behaviors of As(III) and Cr(III) by vernadite

Vernadite is a poorly crystalline phyllomanganate that widely distributed in natural environments, and plays a pivotal role in the geochemical transformations of heavy metal and other pollutants. Though many works have done about the reaction mechanisms between vernadite-like minerals and As(III)/Cr(III), the effects of some basic structure characteristics of the mineral, such as Mn average oxidation state (AOS), on the oxidation of As (III)/Cr(III) are not fully understood. In this study, vernadite samples with different Mn AOSs but almost the same particle sizes (Ver and Ver20) were synthesized, characterized, and their reactivities towards As(III)/Cr(III) oxidation and As(V)/Cr(VI) adsorption were compared. It is found that Ver and Ver20 have almost the same point of zero charge (PZC), but ver20 has increased contents of layer Mn(III) at particle edges and interlayer Mn (III) and Mn(II), thus greatly reduced Mn AOS. Decrease in Mn AOS greatly reduces the oxidation capacity and initial reaction rate (K-obs) of this mineral towards As(III) on mineral-water interfaces. The apparent As(III) oxidation amount and K-obs by Ver are 202 +/- 8mmolkg(-1) and 0.3515 min(-1) while that by Ver20 are 162 +/- 7mmolkg(-1) and 0.0139 min(-1). The oxidation capacity and K-obs for Cr(III) by these vernadie samples are also decreased but in a less extent compared to that in As(III) oxidation, e.g. Cr(III) oxidized by Ver and Ver20 are 2895 +/- 47 and 1974 +/- 109 mmol kg(-1) and the K-obs are 0.0439 and 0.0169 min(-1) respectively. Adsorption density of As(V) or Cr(VI) on Ver20 is similar to 15-18% higher than that on Ver. These results suggest the more important role Mn AOS plays in As(III) oxidation than Cr(III) oxidation, and helps understand the geochemical behaviors of these toxic metals in natural environments mediated by Mn oxide minerals

Using three-band model to retrieve chlorophyll-A of Yantai coastal waters

It is challenging that accurate assessment of chlorophyll-A concentration by remote sensing in coastal waters. Chla concentration is commonly retrieved by blue-green ratio in open ocean waters. And this method is efficient in open ocean waters. But this method is confined when applied to coastal or inland waters, because of abundant variable CDOM and tripton. It is very difficult to retrieve chla of coastal or estuary waters because of overlap of absorption and backscattering caused by CDOM and tripton. Dall€™Olmo et al put forward a semi-analytical retrieval model of chla, three-band model. The conceptual three-band model has been successfully applied to estimate chla in turbid and eutrophic waters by tuning the band position in accordance with the spectral properties.The aim of this paper is to testify the three-band model that could resolve this problem. The three-band model was tuned in accord with optical properties and the bands were optimized for accurate estimation. Finally, we found a good linear relationship between chlorophyll-A and three-band model, with the determination coefficient of 0.63 and the RMSE of 2.22μg·L-1. Furthermore, the in situ spectral data was averaged to the band range of MERIS (band7, band9 and band10) and developed a simulated threeband model. A good linear relationship could be found between [(B7-1-B9-1)×B10] and chlorophyll-a, with the determination coefficient of 0.59 and the RMSE of 0.72μg·L-1. The findings demonstrated that the three-band model of MERIS could be applied to retrieve chlorophyll-A concentration of Yantai coastal waters

Chlorophyll - A vertical distribution of Yantai coastal waters

Many researchers have studied the properties of chlorophyll - a vertical distribution in open ocean waters by now, and little is found for coastal waters. In the study, the chlorophyll - a vertical distribution of Yantai coastal waters is analyzed and a polynomial model is used to appraise the trend. Furthermore, the Gaussian model according to open waters is used to testify the practicability for coastal waters. The ratio between chlorophyll - a and turbidity is also discussed in order to predict the distribution trend. Finally, some conclusions could be achieved: A chlorophyll - a maximum in vertical direction could be seen and the maximum appears at about 6∼8 meter depth in our research areas. The chlorophyll - a vertical distribution is similar to open ocean waters. Secondly, the euphotic layer is about 6∼8 meter depth. Thirdly, under the depth of maximum chlorophyll - a concentration, chlorophyll - a concentration has negative correlation to the turbidity concentration in vertical direction. Based on above conclusion, the total chlorophyll - a could be achieved by calculating definite integrate of the simulation functions. This verifies the relationships of the surface and total chlorophyll - a concentration, which is the basis of primary production by the method of remote sensing. © 2013. The authors

De‐escalation or discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: A multicentral, open‐label, prospective trial in China

Abstract Background: Long‐term treatment‐free remission (TFR) represents a new goal for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Optimizing dose of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the CML treatment maybe a new challenge to maintain effective and improving patients’ quality of life. We hypothesized that administration of low‐dose TKIs does not compromise major molecular response (MMR) in patients with CML who have a deep molecular response (DMR). Methods: We did an open‐label, randomized trial at eight hospitals in China. Eligible CML‐CP patients (aged 18–70 years) had shown continuous response to TKI more than 5 years and maintained MR4.5 (BCR‐ABLIS ≤ 0.0032%) in recent 18 months. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the TKI de‐escalation group or the discontinuation group. Randomization was done with permuted blocks (block size four) and implemented through an interactive web‐based randomization system. Recurrence was defined as the single sample with real time Quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) measurement greater than 0.1% (MMR). The primary endpoint was 12‐month MMR rate in patients who received de‐escalation or discontinuation of TKIs. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04143087). Results: Around 125 patients were enrolled between October 23, 2019 and October 31, 2020, 62 patients received dose de‐escalation of TKIs, while 63 patients in the discontinuation group. In the de‐escalation group, molecular recurrence‐free survival at 12 months was 88.32% (95% CI 79%–98%), whereas molecular recurrence‐free survival in the discontinuation group at 12 months was 59.98% (95% CI 47–73). No progressions occurred at the data cut‐off date. All 29 recurrence cases restart TKI treatment returned to MMR. Cytolytic NK cells as a proportion of lymphocyte cells were significantly increased from baseline after 6 months whether in the de‐escalation or TKIs cessation group (P = 0.048, 0.001, respectively); compared with the relapsing patients, Tregs proportion was decreased (P = 0.003), and higher proportion of NK cells were found in non‐relapsing patients whether in TKI de‐escalation or discontinuation group (P = 0.011, 0.007, respectively). We also found that the de‐escalation group showed better disease‐specific HRQOL in regards to its impact on emotional functioning, fatigue, pain, and financial difficulties. Conclusion: With 88.32% MMR in 12‐months follow‐up after de‐escalation TKIs’ treatment, dose‐halving could become a new treatment paradigm for CML patients who with DMR under continuing maintenance therapy with TKIs

Convergent selection of a WD40 protein that enhances grain yield in maize and rice

A better understanding of the extent of convergent selection among crops could greatly improve breeding programs. We found that the quantitative trait locus KRN2 in maize and its rice ortholog, OsKRN2, experienced convergent selection. These orthologs encode WD40 proteins and interact with a gene of unknown function, DUF1644, to negatively regulate grain number in both crops. Knockout of KRN2 in maize or OsKRN2 in rice increased grain yield by ~10% and ~8%, respectively, with no apparent trade-offs in other agronomic traits. Furthermore, genome-wide scans identified 490 pairs of orthologous genes that underwent convergent selection during maize and rice evolution, and these were enriched for two shared molecular pathways. KRN2, together with other convergently selected genes, provides an excellent target for future crop improvement