Regional distribution of photovoltaic deployment in the UK and its determinants: A spatial econometric approach

Photovoltaic (PV) panels offer significant potential for contributing to the UK's energy policy goals relating to decarbonisation of the energy system, security of supply and affordability. The substantive drop in the cost of panels since 2007, coupled with the introduction of the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) Scheme in 2010, has resulted in a rapid increase in installation of PV panels in the UK, from 26.5MWp in 2009 to over 5GW by the end of 2014. Yet there has been no comprehensive analysis of the determinants of PV deployment in the UK. This paper addresses this gap by employing spatial econometrics methods to a recently available data set at a fine geographical detail. Following a traditional regression analysis, a general to specific approach has been adopted where spatial variations in the relationships have been examined utilising the spatial Durbin model using the cross-sectional data relating to the UK NUTS level 3 data. Empirical results indicate that demand for electricity, population density, pollution levels, education level of households and housing types are among the factors that affect PV uptake in a region. Moreover Lagrange Multiplier test results indicate that the spatial Durbin model may be properly applied to describe the PV uptake relationship in the UK as there are significant regional spillover effects

Magnetic Structure and Spin Waves in the Kagom\'{e} Jarosite compound KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6{\bf KFe_3(SO_4)_2(OH)_6}

We present a detailed study of the magnetic structure and spin waves in the Fe jarosite compound ${\rm KFe_3(SO_4)_2(OH)_6}$ for the most general Hamiltonian involving one- and two-spin interactions which are allowed by symmetry. We compare the calculated spin-wave spectrum with the recent neutron scattering data of Matan {\it et al.} for various model Hamiltonians which include, in addition to isotropic Heisenberg exchange interactions between nearest ($J_1$) and next-nearest ($J_2$) neighbors, single ion anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions. We concluded that DM interactions are the dominant anisotropic interaction, which not only fits all the splittings in the spin-wave spectrum but also reproduces the small canting of the spins out of the Kagom\'e plane. A brief discussion of how representation theory restricts the allowed magnetic structure is also given.Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B (March 2006

Dissolution Kinetics of Icel-Aydincik Dolomite in Hydrochloric Acid

The dissolution of Icel-Aydincik dolomite in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution was investigated with respect to the effects of acid/dolomite mole ratio, solid/liquid ratio, particle size, stirring speed, time and temperature. It was observed that solubility of the dolomite ore increased with increasing acid/dolomite mole ratio, stirring speed, period of time, temperature, and with decreasing solid/liquid ratio and particle size. A kinetic model was applied to describe the dissolution and to analyse the kinetic data. By analysis of the experimental data, it was determined that the leaching process was controlled by the chemical surface reaction. The apparent activation energy of the leaching process was found to be 31.98 kJ mol–1.Keywords: Dolomite dissolution, dolomite dissolution kinetics, dolomite leaching, dolomite leaching kinetic

Comparing the Influence of the Drop Fill and Overflow Rinsing on the Reactive Dyeing Process in a Textile Dye House

Drop/fill rinsing method was used for reducing the high water consumption of overflow rinsing process in textile dye house. However, it is not known whether this drop/fill method has adverse effects on the final fabric properties or not. In this study, the effects of using drop/fill method instead of overflow rinsing process on colorimetric and fastness properties of 100% cotton towel fabrics are investigated. It is found that, skipping to the drop fill rinsing method from the over flow rinsing process and obtained fresh water saving has no negative effect on colorimetric and color fastness values of the processed fabric samples and can be used conveniently in the industrial sized production. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Comparing different accelerometer cut-points for sedentary time in children

Actigraph accelerometers are hypothesized to be valid measurements for assessing children\u27s sedentary time. However, there is considerable variation in accelerometer cut-points used. Therefore, we compared the most common accelerometer sedentary cut-points of children performing sedentary behaviors. Actigraph Actitrainer uniaxial accelerometers were used to measure children\u27s activity intensity (29 children, 5-11 years old) during different activities, namely playing computer games, nonelectronic sedentary games, watching television and playing outdoors. A structured protocol was the criterion for assessing the validity of four common cut-points (100, 300, 800, 1100 counts/minute). The median counts during all sedentary behaviors were below the lowest comparison cut-point of 100 cpm. The 75th percentile values for the sedentary behaviors were always below the cut-point of 300 cpm. Our results suggest that the cut-point of <100 cpm is the most appropriate