643 research outputs found
Learning to Behave Like Clean Speech: Dual-Branch Knowledge Distillation for Noise-Robust Fake Audio Detection
Most research in fake audio detection (FAD) focuses on improving performance
on standard noise-free datasets. However, in actual situations, there is
usually noise interference, which will cause significant performance
degradation in FAD systems. To improve the noise robustness, we propose a
dual-branch knowledge distillation fake audio detection (DKDFAD) method.
Specifically, a parallel data flow of the clean teacher branch and the noisy
student branch is designed, and interactive fusion and response-based
teacher-student paradigms are proposed to guide the training of noisy data from
the data distribution and decision-making perspectives. In the noise branch,
speech enhancement is first introduced for denoising, which reduces the
interference of strong noise. The proposed interactive fusion combines
denoising features and noise features to reduce the impact of speech distortion
and seek consistency with the data distribution of clean branch. The
teacher-student paradigm maps the student's decision space to the teacher's
decision space, making noisy speech behave as clean. In addition, a joint
training method is used to optimize the two branches to achieve global
optimality. Experimental results based on multiple datasets show that the
proposed method performs well in noisy environments and maintains performance
in cross-dataset experiments
Secure Testing for Genetic Diseases on Encrypted Genomes with Homomorphic Encryption Scheme
The decline in genome sequencing costs has widened the population that can afford its cost and has also raised concerns about genetic privacy. Kim et al. present a practical solution to the scenario of secure searching of gene data on a semitrusted business cloud. However, there are three errors in their scheme. We have made three improvements to solve these three errors. (1) They truncate the variation encodings of gene to 21 bits, which causes LPCE error and more than 5% of the entries in the database cannot be queried integrally. We decompose these large encodings by 44 bits and deal with the components, respectively, to avoid LPCE error. (2) We abandon the hash function used in Kim’s scheme, which may cause HCE error with a probability of 2-22 and decompose the position encoding of gene into three parts with the basis 211 to avoid HCE error. (3) We analyze the relationship between the parameters and the CCE error and specify the condition that parameters need to satisfy to avoid the CCE error. Experiments show that our scheme can search all entries, and the probability of searching error is reduced to less than 2-37.4
Changes in Environmental Awareness and its Connection to Local Environmental Management in Water Conservation Zones: The Case of Beijing, China
This paper aims at investigating the change over time in the environmental awareness in rural Chinese communities and its correlation with environmental management measures implemented at the local level. We identify three main components of awareness, namely: perception, behavior, and attitude toward environmental management measures. Data were collected from two surveys in three villages in northern China in 2006 and 2015 that interviewed 125 and 129 respondents, respectively, and were analyzed employing an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The results discussed in the paper show that environmental awareness increased between 2006–2015, and was mainly manifested in better environmental behavior and understanding of environmental status due an improvement in rural infrastructure and a greater amount of information provided to rural residents about the environment. Place of residence had a considerable influence on respondents’ environmental awareness: residents in eco-villages had a higher environmental awareness than those living in common agricultural villages. This appears to indicate a positive nexus between the comprehensiveness of environmental management measures implemented locally, and environmental awareness. Also, the universality of environment issues reduced the importance of socioeconomic and demographic factors in determining the degree of environmental awareness. However, more attention should be paid to villagers’ external behavior and inner feelings, such as their attitude to governmental management policies. These findings yield important policy implications that are relevant to the promotion of environmental awareness in China’s rural communities, and the adoption of more effective environmental management measures
Genomic Analysis of One Chinese H1N1 Swine Influenza Virus Strain from Healthy Pig Remaining Different Virulence Determinants
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