Determination of protein, aminoacid distribution and antioxidant activity of widely grown bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L:)

Bu çalışma ülkemizin farklı ekolojik koşullarında yetişen ekmeklik buğday çeşitleri ile farklı kalite gruplarındaki Alman ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin farklı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile sağlık ve beslenme fizyolojisine katkılarının incelenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. İncelenen çeşitlerin fiziksel ve kalite özelliklerini ortaya koymak amacıyla çeşitlerin bin tane ağırlıkları, tanede ham kül, yağ, lif miktarı, nişasta içeriği ve protein oranları saptanmıştır. Sağlığa katkıları bakımından ise toplam fenol içerikleri ile toplam antioksidan aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Beslenme fizyolojisi açısından ise esansiyel, yarı esansiyel ve esansiyel olmayan toplam 17 farklı aminoasit içerikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar özetlendiğinde incelenen tüm parametrelerde çeşitler arasında istatistiksel anlamda önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Çeşitlerin protein oranları ortalama olarak NIRS yönteminde %14.05, Dumas yönteminde ise %14.81 olarak bulunmuştur. Çeşitlerin toplam fenol içerikleri 102.46-211.85 μg GAE/g, antioksidan aktiviteleri ise %11.89-26.33 arasında değişmiştir. Ayrıca çeşitlere yönelik esansiyel, yarı esansiyel ve esansiyel olmayan aminoasit miktarları da tespit edilerek aminoasit içerikleri bakımından kıyaslamaları yapılmıştır. İncelenen özellikler bakımından genel bir değerlendirme yapıldığında Selimiye, Kutluk, İzgi, Tosunbey ve Müfitbey çeşitlerinin ön plana çıktığı söylenebilir. İncelenen parametreler arasındaki korelasyon analizlerinde toplam fenol içeriği ile toplam antioksidan aktivite ve aminoasitlerinde kendi aralarında yüksek düzeyde pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada elde edilen verilerin literatüre kazandırılması, ürün kalitesi açısından değerlendirilmesi ve ıslah programlarında da dikkate alınması beklenmektedir.This study was conducted in order to investigate the contribution of different physical and chemical properties, health and nutrition physiology of Turkish bread wheat varieties which are grown under different ecological conditions in Turkey and 4 German bread wheat varieties in different quality groups. In order to determine physical and quality properties of the investigated varieties thousand grain weight, crude ash, oil, fibre, starch and protein content of grain and in terms of contribution to health total phenol content and total antioxidant activity and also in terms of nutrition physiology 17 different aminoacid content were evaluated. When the results were summarized there were statistically significant differences in all evaluated parameters. Average protein values of varieties are 14.05% in the NIRS method and 14.81% in the Dumas method. Total phenol content of the varieties ranged from 102.46-211.85 μg GAE/g while antioxidant activity varied between 11.89-26.33%. Essential, semi-essential and non-essential aminoacid amounts of varieties have also been identified. In generally, it can be expressed that Selimiye, Kutluk, İzgi, Tosunbey and Müfitbey varieties gave better results in all evaluated parameters. In correlation analyses among the parameters investigated it is precipitated that there is high positive correlation between total phenol content and total antioxidant activity and also there is high positive correlation among aminoacids. It is expected that the data attained from the study performed are gained to literature, are evaluated in terms of product quality and are regarded in breeding programs

Imagication = Imagination + Education: What Fifth Graders Think About Arts Integration in Public Elementary Schools

During the 2011-12 school year, a fifth grade class in a diverse San Francisco public elementary school collaborated with the Arts Resources In Action (ARIA) program of the San Francisco Opera\u27s Education Department to create a teacher-guided opera. The students wrote the story, music and lyrics as well as designed and built the sets, props and costumes based on the American Revolution. The classroom teacher chose the topic of the American Revolution, and the students researched this historic event using literary, historical, visual, musical and theatrical methods of exploration and data gathering. Through the medium of opera, the program connected the teacher\u27s chosen curricula to the California State Standards. This dissertation studied the SFO ARIA program by observing the entire process for six months and conducting interviews with a focus group of 14 students, the classroom teacher, and two ARIA teaching artists. Significant to this study was the inclusion of student voice, an integral variable in implementation of the ARIA program. Few research studies of performing arts programs in schools lead with the voices and experiences of elementary school students. Data collected for this qualitative study included interviews with students and teachers, surveys, and six months of weekly classroom observations. This investigation aims to add to arts-education research that can deepen our understanding of student learning

Vascular segmentation in X-ray angiograms using frangi filter

X-ray angiography systems are essential method of diagnosis of coronary arteries from angiography images. Coronary angiography is known as the gold standard; for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, Visual interpretation of angiography images are difficult due to the gradual crossing and overlap of the vessels on the angiogram. For this reason, many segmentation methods have been used to obtain blood vessel structures in the human body. These blood vessel segmentation methods can be classified; model-based tracking, propagation, artificial neural network (ANN), and fuzzy. Also, accurate segmentation of vascular structures in 2D angiography images is an important task for clinical practices such as computer-aided diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment. In general, Hessian-based vessel enhancement filters are known to be achieve in segmenting vessels from angiography images. In this study, the vascular structures of the coronary arteries were obtained by image processing including contrast enhancement methods using Frangi filter. We present the most important skill in coronary vessel segmentation methods by researching coronary vessel extraction and development method.No sponso

The application of image filtering methods in mammography image

Medical images have recently become an important part of patient care. Techniques for image processing and analysis are generally used in medicine. Medical images are complicated, and they differ significantly from one application to the next. Image processing is required to obtain high-quality medical images for accurate diagnosis. In medical applications, the purpose of image processing and analysis is to improve image quality and extract quantitative information from images as efficiently and accurately as possible. In this paper, noise reduction filters were used to improve the mammography image. Filters are used to improve noise and reduce noises by the linear filter, median filter, and wiener filter. Filtering processes have been applied to image formats with medical content, such as mammography images, which are different from standard digital images. In addition, metrics such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), which enables the performance of different filtering techniques to be evaluated, were also calculated and compared.No sponso

Depolarizing the Polarized: Elif Shafakʼs Three Daughters of Eve and Turkey

The modern Republic of Turkey has been plagued with political, cultural, and religious polarization due in large part to the antithetical interpretations of modernization by different regimes in the history of the country. In recent years, it has been exacerbated by the ascendancy of the religious right, particularly after the attempted coup in 2016, which has created a volatile situation that is almost insoluble. Elif Shafak’s Three Daughters of Eve presents a rich portrait of the people of Turkey, the Middle East and on a wider scale the world who are variously represented as, and pushed to be, secular, conservative, nationalist, and religious, from the perspective of an irresolute woman character. Zooming in on the Turkish historical and social context, this paper argues that Shafak’s treatment of polarization also offers an insight into the possibility of depolarization and social unification despite existing challenges. As I shall attempt to demonstrate, Shafak achieves this purpose by using a kind of ecumenical language and applying a strategy in which past and present, and opposite poles are agglomerated in a particular style that we can situate within the multiple modernities approaches

Approaches to preclinical studies with heterogeneous breast phantom using reconstruction and three-dimensional image processing algorithms for diffuse optical imaging

The continuous-wave back reflection diffuse optical tomography (rCWDOT) system is one of the new medical imaging modalities. This study examines the success of reconstruction and three-dimensional (3D) image processing algorithms on data obtained from a heterogonous breast phantom by rCWDOT. Breast phantoms were prepared by putting a bit of spleen inside the tail. The spleen mimics a breast tumor since it has more blood than tail fat. rCWDOT was used to acquire data from the breast phantoms. The breast phantoms were reconstructed using the transpose-free quasi-minimal residual (TFQMR) reconstruction algorithm. Then, image processing algorithms were performed to improve the image quality. In image processing, 3D Gaussian filtering and bi-cubic interpolation were used to enhance the appearance and remove noise from the images. After the image processing, the images were evaluated numerically using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) method. It has been shown that the used reconstruction technique and image processing algorithms for a heterogeneous breast phantom provided 3D images that resemble actual ones. This study will help researchers use the most convenient reconstruction algorithm and image processing algorithms and perform preclinical experiments in this field.Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma KurumuTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110E263]; Akdeniz UniversitesiAkdeniz University [2009.02.0122.003

Türkiye’nin Tarıma Dayalı Sanayi Politikası (1923-1938)

Poverty was at its highest level during the first years of the Republic of Turkey. As a consequence of the wars; workforce declined, production fell down, a famine occurred and epidemic diseases spread. Wheat was being imported even though about 76 % of the population lived in the rural areas. Hence, an emergency development policy was formed, which was realizable, in accord with economic and social structures of Turkey, and based on its own resources. In this research, the agriculture-based industrial policy is reviewed, which was developed with a strategic approach and as an emergency development action. The data obtained are presented and assessed in a manner to be compared with the previous years. In addition, it is determined and commented on that an economic aspect is present within Turkey’s threat perception. Thereby, a significant relationship is revealed between the development thrust initiated and the period’s conjuncture. The most utilized sources were archive documents, official statistics and the Official Gazette.Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında yoksulluk had safhadaydı. Savaşların bir sonucu olarak iş gücü azalmış, üretim düşmüş, kıtlık oluşmuş ve salgın hastalıklar yaygınlaşmıştı. Nüfusun yaklaşık % 76’sı kırsalda yaşamasına rağmen, buğday ithal ediliyordu. Bunun için Türkiye’nin iktisadi ve sosyal yapısına uygun, öz kaynaklarına dayalı, gerçekleşebilir acil kalkınma politikası oluşturuldu. Bu araştırmada, acil kalkınma eylemi olarak stratejik bir yaklaşımla geliştirilen tarıma dayalı sanayi politikası incelenmektedir. Elde edilen veriler, önceki yıllarla karşılaştırılacak tarzda sunulmakta ve değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca Türkiye’nin tehdit algılamasında iktisadi bir yön olduğu tespit edilerek yorumlanmaktadır. Böylece başlatılan kalkınma hamlesi ile dönemin konjonktürü arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkarılmaktadır. Arşiv belgeleri, resmî istatistikler ve Resmî Gazete en çok yararlanılan kaynaklar olmuştur

Image reconstruction for diffuse optical tomography using bi-conjugate gradient and transpose-free quasi minimal residual algorithms and comparison of them

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a new emerging modality in the diagnosis of soft tissue abnormalities. DOT image quality substantially depends on the recon struction stage. In the literature, there are many reconstruction algorithms used in DOT systems. However, some algorithms were improved for solving specific cases but still need to be improved. The bi-conjugate gradient (BiCG) enhanced is one of the conjugate gradient (CG)-based reconstruction techniques for non-Hermitian systems. The BiCG provides a solution to a non-Hermitian system. However, it has erratic convergence in some cases. Therefore, DOT images reconstructed by BiCG can be at the wrong location and is inaccurate in some cases. In this study, we used continuous-wave diffuse optical tomography (CW-DOT) to acquire mea surements from breast tissue phantoms with single or double inclusion at different depths and center-to-center separations and we have used the transpose free quasi minimal residual (TFQMR) reconstruction algorithm, improved as an alternative to BiCG for the first time in the CW-DOT system. Moreover, we have experimen tally proved that TFQMR is superior to BiCG in some specific cases for the first time in CW-DOT. Therefore, we concluded that TFQMR has the potential to be able to be used in the reconstruction stage in CW-DOT

Antioxidant Activity and Essential Amino acid Content of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties

In recent years, consumption of healthy and nutritious products has come to the forefront with the increased consumers’ awareness because of sensitivity to human health. Bread wheat provides the important proportion of protein, fiber, mineral, and antioxidant compounds that detected wheat and wheat-based products in daily consumption. The study aimed to provide new insights and results on the antioxidant properties and essential amino acid profile of 45 bread wheat varieties collected from different ecological regions of Turkey. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH radical and total phenolic content was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method used gallic acid as standard. Essential amino acid content was evaluated by oxidation and hydrolysis procedure by HPLC analysis. As a result of the study, significant differences and correlations were found between the varieties and all evaluated parameters. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity values respectively ranged between 102.4 and 211.8 μg GAE/g (gallic acid equivalent/g), 11.8 and 26.3% inhibition in whole wheat flour. Amino acid amount and profile were significantly affected by variety and the most limiting amino acid lysine showed a wide range (0.39-1.47 g/100 g flour) and the concentration of leucine and phenylalanine were found to be higher in wheat compared to the other essential amino acids. Correlation analysis between protein and essential amino acids demonstrated a positive correlation with high values. Clustering analysis highlighted an important genetic diversity, suggesting that winter growth habit varieties have valuable nourishment properties with high protein and amino acid composition. These data suggest that health and nourishment properties influenced differently by genotype potential of wheat grain

The effects of region of interest, differentiation methods and rebinning sizes on the modulation transfer function of a mammography systems

Bu çalışmada, mamografi sisteminin görüntü kalitesi matematiksel yöntemler ile ölçülmüştür. Mamografi sistemlerinde performans ölçümleri için uygulanan yeni yöntemler, bu sistemlerin görüntü kalitesinin sayısal olarak değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Görüntüleme kalitesinin sayısal değerlendirilmesi, görsel değerlendirmelere göre daha objektif sonuçlar verdiğinden çalışma kapsamında sayısal değerlendirmeler üzerinde durulmuştur. Modülasyon transfer fonksiyonu (MTF) hesaplanmasında kenar görüntüleme metodu kullanılmış ve bu metodun kullanımında açı hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Farklı ilgi alan seçimlerinde (ROI) kenar dağılım fonksiyonlarının (ESF) nasıl değiştiği gözlemlenmiş, farklı türev seçimlerinin çizgisel dağılım fonksiyonu (LSF) ve MTF üzerine etkisi ve ince gruplama (rebinning) işleminin ESF, LSF, MTF üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bütün bu yöntemlerin hesaplamaları, MATLAB programı kullanılarak tasarlanıp gerçekleştirilmiştir.In this study, the image quality of the mammography system was measured by mathematical methods. New methods for performance measurements have been used to quantitatively evaluate the image quality in mammography systems. Since the quantitative evaluation of imaging quality gives more objective results than evaluation of visual, numerical evaluations have been emphasized within the scope of the study. The Slanted-edge method was used for the calculation of modulation transfer function (MTF), and angular calculations were made in the use of this method. On effect of different region-of-interest (ROI) selection on edge spread function (ESF), use of different differentiation methods for line spread function (LSF), MTF, and on the effect of different rebinning sizes on ESF, LSF and MTF were investigated. All these methods consist of the calculation were designed to perform using the MATLAB program.No sponso