Conveyor Belt Object Identification: Mathematical, Algorithmic, and Software Support

This article is devoted to the development of a package identification system on a mixed conveyor sorting line with a vertical lift from Kapelou. In the conditions of modern Warehouse 4.0 systems requirements, a tasks number arise associated with automatic objects sorting in real time. One of the most common is QR codes using, as it is the most cost- effective. But the introduction of automated systems for identifying objects on a conveyor line based on QR codes causes a number of tasks that are associated with the dynamic parameters of identifying the location of the package in the recognition zone, determining and localizing the location of the QR code, for further reading and decoding information about the package with further adoption decisions about its movement in the sorting system. The authors propose a solution to this problem by developing a module for identifying and recognizing objects on a conveyor line based on computer vision using a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B single-board computer with a developed method for processing a QR code image, the system structure, algorithmic and mathematical support have been developed. To check the correctness of proposed decisions, software was developed, and a number of natural experiments were carried out with different parameters (conveyor speeds, illumination, packaging feeding angles for the computer vision system) for the developed object identification system on the Kapelou sorting conveyor line, which showed a high processing speed and decoding data from a QR code

Development of databases interconnection “Essences” information model for cyber-physical production systems additive cyber design creation automation

Yevsieiev, V. V. Development of databases interconnection “Essences” information model for cyber-physical production systems additive cyber design creation automation = Розробка інформаційної моделі взаємозв’язків «сутність» баз даних для автоматизації створення адитивного кібердизайну кіберфізичних виробничих систем / V. V. Yevsieiev, A. I. Bronnikov // Зб. наук. пр. НУК. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2020. – № 3 (481). – С. 56–62.Анотація. Розвиток сучасного високотехнологічного і конкурентноздатного виробництва не можливий без впровадження концепції Industry 4.0 і технологій Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). На базі даних концепції і технологій були проведені дослідження, пов’язані із розробкою і впровадження Сyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS), які базуються на принципі “Digital Twins” (DT). Синтез цих концепцій, технологій і принципів дозволяють реалізувати підхід до “Smart Manufacturing” (SM), що дає можливість досягти показників “Lean Production” (LP). Розробка CPPS є складним синтезом фізичних параметрів, які виходять безпосередньо з датчиків і виконавчих механізмів, і є кібернетичним складником, у якому реалізується візуалізація отриманої інформації для користувача, забезпечуються механізми управління і прийняття рішень залежно від отриманих даних. Критичний аналіз публікацій із розробки CPPS показав, що нині не існує методології, моделей, методів і технологій, які б дозволили автоматизувати процес розробки CPPS, а існуючі архітектурні моделі розробки 5C, 8C, RAMI 4.0 мають лише описово-рекомендаційний характер. Внаслідок цього виникає складна науково-прикладна задача – розробка нових підходів до автоматизацій створення адитивного кібердизайну CPPS на ранніх етапах створення CPPS. У цій статті представлена структурна схема автоматизованої системи управління розробкою складних CPPS, яка базується на альтернативному підході до автоматизацій розробки HMI адитивного кібердизайну для CPPS на базі концепцій застосування властивостей параметрів і подій графічних елементів (GUI) об’єктноорієнтованих на мову програмування. Для реалізацій поставлених завдань авторами було розроблено логічну схему БД, ґрунтуючись на великих обсягах інформації, необхідної для забезпечення усіх функцій системи, що розробляється. Вона була поділена на окремі блоки залежно від інформацій, яка зберігається і обробляється у них. Для кожного основного блоку була розроблена інформаційна модель взаємозв’язку «сутностей» довідкової та накопичувальної БД. Результати досліджень були реалізовані у вигляді фізичних моделей БД для системи «Автоматизація процесів управління розробкою CPPS», яка дає можливість синтезувати HMI користувача на базі «жорстко» структурованого табличного представлення даних для синтаксичного аналізу і генерацій адитивного кібердизайну. Такий підхід дозволить скоротити час розробки HMI з урахуванням вимоги технічного завдання (ТЗ) із залученням замовника, що забезпечить максимально привабливий та інформативно-зрозумілий HMI для кінцевого користувача CPPS.Abstract. The development of modern high-tech and competitively capable production is not possible without the introduction of the Industry 4.0 concept and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies. On the basis of the concept and technologies at this point in time, research related to the development and implementation of CyberPhysical Production Systems (CPPS), which are based on the principle of “Digital Twins” (DT). The synthesis of these concepts, technologies and principles allows to implement the approach to “Smart Manufacturing” (SM), which in turn makes it possible to achieve the indicators of “Lean Production” (LP). The CPPS development is a physical parameters complex synthesis that are obtained directly from sensors and actuators and, on the other hand, the cybernetic component, which implements the received for the user information visualization, provides control mechanisms and decision-making depending on received data. A critical analysis of CPPS development publications showed that at this point in time there is no methodology, models, methods and technologies that made it possible to automate the development CPPS process, and the existing architectural models for 5C, 8C, RAMI 4.0 development are descriptive and recommendatory. As a result, a complex scientific and applied problem arises: the development of new approaches to automate the CPPS additive cyber-design creation at the early stages of CPPS development. This article presents an automated control system structural diagram for complex CPPS development, which is based on an alternative approach the HMI additive cyber design for CPPS development automation using the concepts of applying the parameters properties and an object-oriented programming language graphic elements (GUI) events. For the implementation of the tasks, the authors developed a logical database scheme, based on large amounts of information necessary to provide all the functions of the system being developed, it was divided into separate blocks depending on the information that is stored and processed in them. For each main block, an information model was developed for the reference and cumulative databases “entities” relationship. The results of these studies were implemented in the form of physical database models for the “Automation of CPPS Development Management Processes” system, which makes it possible to synthesize the user’s HMI based on a “rigidly” structured tabular data presentation for parsing and generating additive cyber design. This approach will reduce the HMI development time, considering the technical task (TOR) requirements with the customer involvement, which will provide the most attractive and informatively understandable HMI for the CPPS end user

Development of an Architectural-logical Model to Automate the Management of the Process of Creating Complex Cyber-physical Industrial Systems

Modern highly technological production puts forward new requirements and approaches to the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop a cyber-physical production system that would make it possible to fully take into consideration all the factors of the actual production system. All solutions must pursue the global goal of making the best use of production time and resources, as well as meet the "Lean Production" concept. Existing ISO-95, 5C, and 8C cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) reference architectures cannot provide clearly expressed systematization and detailing. Such systems are a set of general recommendations that show the interaction processes among the physical and cyber-components of CPPS. This paper reports a new approach to the systemic representation of the processes for managing the development of complex cyber-physical production systems in the face of today's threats. We have suggested a systemic representation of automating the process of managing the development of complex CPPS. Modern threats to the cyber-physical and information and communication systems (ICS) have been considered, which underlie CPPS. An architectural-logical model, as well as methods for automating the CPPS development process management, have been developed. This could help build a logical relationship from the initial "target" stage to the process of obtaining "management algorithms" at each level and stage of CPPS development as a symbiosis of physical and cyber-components. The devised CPPS development process management model provides an opportunity to propose a group of mathematical models and methods that logically link all development stages into a single "rigid" hierarchical sequence. This makes it possible to build a single information space with a set of complex CPPS development methodology. The proposed solutions could enable the development of an automated system to manage the process of the development of complex CPP

Cost Estimation of Photopolymer Resin for 3D Exposure of Circuit Boards

The research object in the work is the printed circuit boards (PCB) Production technological process using the additive technology of photopolymer 3D printing. The existing problem is that the manufacturing process of single-sided and double-sided PCBs, simple in technology, from the third to the fifth accuracy class, requires the use of a large amount of consumables and technological equipment. In turn, this affects the cost of the product. The research subject is models and methods for manufacturing PCB using photopolymer 3D printing. In order to reduce the cost of materials: film or aerosol photoresist, as well as reduce the number of technological operations, applying photoresist and for the manufacture of PCBs stencils, it is proposed to use photopolymer 3D printing technologies for the manufacture of PCBs. The paper analyzes the costs of Plexiwire Resin Basic Orange Transparen photopolymer resin for the manufacture of single-sided PCBs and calculates the cost of the consumable (resin) compared to the costs of dry film photoresist. 60 % cost of consumables (photopolymer resin) compared to dry film photoresist for making single-sided PCBs. The work is aimed at determining the dependence of the geometric dimensions of the PСВs topology and the consumption of photopolymer resin on the technological parameters of photopolymer exposure. A regression correlation model of the dependence of resin consumption on exposure parameters has been developed and correlation coefficients have been calculated. It has been established that with an increase in the exposure time of the photopolymer resin, the consumption of the photopolymer resin increases and the deviation of the geometric dimensions of the PCBs topology increases, which in turn negatively affects the quality of the product. Therefore, using the obtained regression model, it is possible to calculate the influence of parameters on the PCB topology and reduce the deviation of conductor sizes and resin consumption