Single-photon emission via Raman scattering from the levels with partially resolved hyperfine structure

The probability of emission of a single photon via Raman scattering of laser pulse on the three-level $\Lambda$ - type atom in microcavity is studied. The duration of the pulse is considered to be short enough, so that the hyperfine structure of the upper level remains totally unresolved, while that of the lower level is totally resolved. The coherent laser pulse is assumed to be in resonance with the transition between one hyperfine structure component of the lower atomic level and all hyperfine structure components of the upper level, while the quantized cavity field is assumed to be in resonance with the transition between the other hyperfine structure component of the lower level and all components of the upper one. The dependence of the photon emission probability on the mutual orientation of polarization vectors of the cavity mode and of the coherent laser pulse is analyzed. Particularly, the case is investigated, when the total electronic angular momentum of the lower atomic level equals 1/2, which is true for the ground states of alkali atoms employed in the experiments on deterministic single photon emission. It is shown, that in this case the probability of photon emission equals zero for collinear polarizations of the photon and of the laser pulse, and the probability obtains its maximum value, when the angle between their polarizations equals 60 degrees.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Link of apoptosis level in the primary tumor at early stages of non-small cell lung cancer with efficacy of adjuvant polychemotherapy.

One of the important questions in modern oncology is treatment of patients with early stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Adjuvant polychemotherapy (APCT) can help to improve prognosis after operation. In modern literature there is no unified opinion as for patients in need of adjuvant chemotherapy. However, now investigators indicate to necessity to use molecular markers for individualization of APCT. The aim of our study was to assess correlation between apoptos level in primary tumor in patients with early stages of NSCLC with effectiveness of APCT. Study was conducted by the chair of oncology of Zaporozhye state medical university since June 2008 to Dec 2012. 254 patients with I-II stages of non-small cell lung cancer were included in the study. Expres­sion of p53 was evaluated as percent of positively stained nucleus tumor cells in general population. More than 25% of positively stained nucleus tumor cells meant high p53 expression. Results: We performed assessment of apoptosis level with the help of p53 expression in 220 patients. No prognostic significance of p53 level expression in patients with early stages of non-small cell lung cancer (р=0,65) was revealed. There was significant correlation between age (р=0,039), sex (р=0,009) and apoptosis level in primary tumor in patients with early stages of NSCLC. Worse survival was noted in group of patients with low p53 expressions after adjuvant chemotherapy (р=0,009). But in patients with high level of p53 expression adjuvant chemotherapy significantly increased survival (p<0,001). So, adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with I-II stages of NSCLC is necessary to be carried out in cases of high p53 expression level

Ultimate permissible additional hogging of a brick wall during the reconstruction of a historical building

The paper analyzes the possible development of an approach limiting additional deformations of the base of a building during reconstruction. We consider the ultimate permissible value of additional relative hogging in a brickwork wall without reinforcement (f/L)ad,u, which is important for the solution of tasks on the reconstruction of historical buildings. The ultimate values of tensile deformations in a wall can serve as a safety criterion for uneven building settlements. The use of this criterion makes it possible to set more precise values (f/L)ad,u for a brick wall as compared with the values used in Construction Regulations SP 22.13330

Новая стратегия лечения пациентов с длительным нарушением сознания с применением ксенона. Проспективное пилотное исследование

In addition to high mortality, craniocerebral injuries have another danger, a long rehabilitation period and a high percentage of disability with the development of cognitive impairment. This is primarily associated with the processes of neuroinflammation, which development, according to recent data, leads to a long-term impairment of consciousness. The anti-inflammatory effects of xenon inhalation anesthetic, which have been repeatedly shown in previous studies, have the potential to beneficially affect the level of consciousness in these patients by targeting key links of neuroinflammation.AIM OF STUDY To evaluate the effect of oxygen-xenon mixture inhalation on the level of consciousness recovery and the severity of spastic activity in patients after traumatic brain injury.MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective randomized clinical trial of the effect of inhaled xenon sedation on the level of consciousness and spastic activity in patients with post-coma long-term impairment of consciousness was conducted. Patients were randomized into two equal groups. In group I (comparisons, n=15) (in addition to the standard treatment after a traumatic brain injury), each patient included in the study underwent 7 sessions of inhalation of an air-oxygen mixture with an oxygen content of at least 30 vol% for 30 minutes. In group II (study, n=15) (in addition to standard treatment), each patient included in the study inhaled an oxygen-xenon gas mixture (xenon content 30 vol%) for 7 days 1 time per day. Before and after the course of treatment (on the 7th day), patients were assessed using the CRS-R scale and the modified Ashworth scale.RESULTS The final evaluation included 12 patients from the comparison group and 12 patients from the study group. Three patients were excluded from each group as a result of critical incidents not related to the type of the therapy. In the comparison group on the 7th day, the level of consciousness was score 9 [7; 11] and did not differ statistically significantly from the baseline (p>0.05), which was score 8 [6; 10]. Spastic activity also did not change statistically significantly. In group II, the initial level of consciousness was 9 [7; 10], and on the 7th day — score 15 [12; 17], which was statistically significantly higher both in relation to the level of consciousness by the 1st day (p=0.021) within the group, and in relation to it on the 7th day in group I (p=0.038). When comparing spastic activity on the 1st and 7th days, we did not obtain a statistically significant difference in any of the groups.CONCLUSION Our method of xenon inhalation made it possible to have a beneficial effect on the level of consciousness of patients after traumatic brain injury, but this did not affect the final level of spastic activity in any way.ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Помимо высокой летальности черепно-мозговые травмы (ЧМТ) таят еще одну опасность — длительный реабилитационный период и высокий процент инвалидизации с развитием когнитивных нарушений. Связано это, прежде всего, с процессами нейровоспаления, развитие которого, согласно последним данным, и приводит к длительному нарушению сознания. Противовоспалительные эффекты ингаляционного анестетика ксенона, которые были неоднократно показаны в ранее проводимых исследованиях, потенциально способны благотворно повлиять на уровень сознания у пациентов с ЧМТ за счет таргетного воздействия на ключевые звенья нейровоспаления.ЦЕЛЬ Оценить влияние ингаляции кислородно-ксеноновой смеси на уровень восстановления сознания и выраженность спастической активности у пациентов после ЧМТ.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ Было проведено проспективное рандомизированное клиническое исследование влияния ингаляционной седации ксеноном на уровень сознания и спастической активности у пациентов с посткоматозными длительными нарушениями сознания. Пациенты были рандомизированы на две равные по числу участников группы. В группе I (сравнения, n=15) (помимо стандартного лечения после ЧМТ) каждому включенному в исследование пациенту были проведены 7 сеансов ингаляций воздушно-кислородной смесью с содержанием кислорода не менее 30 об% в течение 30 минут. В группе II (исследования, n=15) (помимо стандартного лечения) каждому включенному в исследование пациенту проводили ингаляцию кислородно-ксеноновой газовой смесью (содержание ксенона — 30 об%) на протяжении 7 дней 1 раз в сутки. До и после проведения курса лечения (на 7-е сутки) пациенты были оценены по шкале CRS-R и модифицированной шкале Эшворта.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ В итоговую оценку вошли 12 пациентов из группы I (сравнения) и 12 пациентов из группы II (исследования). Из каждой группы были исключены по 3 пациента в результате критических инцидентов, не связанных с характером проводимой терапии. В группе I (сравнения) на 7-е сутки уровень сознания составлял 9 [7; 11] баллов и статистически значимо не отличался от исходного (p>0,05), составлявшего 8 [6; 10] баллов. Спастическая активность также статистически значимо не изменялась. В группе II (исследования) исходный уровень сознания составлял 9 [7; 10], а на 7-е сутки — 15 [12; 17] баллов, что было статистически значимо выше как по отношению к уровню сознания к 1-м суткам (p=0,021) внутри группы, так и по отношению к нему на 7-е сутки в группе I (p=0,038). При сравнении спастической активности на 1-е и 7-е сутки нами не было получено статистически значимой разницы ни в одной из групп.ВЫВОД Ингаляция ксеноном по предложенной нами методике позволила благотворно повлиять на уровень сознания пациентов после черепно-мозговой травмы, однако это никак не влияло на конечный уровень спастической активности

LASER PHYSICS LETTERS

Abstract: Raman spectroscopy offers a powerful alternative analytical method for the detection and identification of lipids/oil in biological samples, such as algae and fish. Recent research in the authors' groups, and experimental data only very recently published by us and a few other groups suggest that Raman spectroscopy can be exploited in instances where fast and accurate determination of the iodine value (associated with the degree of lipid unsaturation) is required. Here the current status of Raman spectroscopy applications on algae is reviewed, and particular attention is given to the efforts of identifying and selecting oil-rich algal strains for the potential mass production of commercial biofuels and for utilization in the food industry. Normalized intensity, a.u

PACS: 32.30.-r, 32.60.+i, 32.70

Abstract: We have measured light shifts, also known as AC Stark shifts, as a function of laser intensity in cold Rubidium atoms by observing sub-natural linewidth gain and loss features in the transmission spectrum of a weak probe beam passing through the atomic sample. The observed energy-level shifts for atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) are found to be consistently higher than that obtained in optical molasses (i.e., when the magnetic field gradient in the MOT is turned off). Using a simple model of a multilevel Rubidium atom interacting with pump and probe beams, we have calculated the theoretical light shift as a function of intensity. A comparison of these calculated values with the light shift data obtained for molasses reveals good agreement between experiment and theory. Further, our model elucidates the role of the Zeeman shifts arising from the magnetic field gradient in the observed probe transmission spectrum for the MOT. A qualitative plot of the transmission spectrum of a probe beam through a fictitious sample of cold J = 1 → J = 2 atoms showing probe absorption at the sum of the pump frequency ω pump and δ , where δ is the difference of the light shifts between the |J = 1,mJ = 0 and the |J = 1,mJ = ± 1 ground state Zeeman sublevels. Probe gain is depicted at ω pump -δ . Se

SYMBOLIZATION OF LANGUAGE AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN UKRAINE

В статье исследуются предпосылки и факторы политической символизация языка и исторической памяти в Украине. Показано, что отношения граждан Украины к языковой ситуации и историческим событиям – взаимосвязаны. Приводятся данные социологических опросов, свидетельствующие о существовании региональных различий в отношении к историческим событиям. Делается вывод: поскольку языковые и исторические противоречия используются политическими партиями с целью мобилизации электората, то преодоление культурного и политического раскола сейчас невозможно. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в процессе оценки и прогнозирования политической ситуации в Украине.The article explores the background and factors of political symbolization of language and memory in Ukraine. It is shown that the ratio of citizens of Ukraine to the language situation and historical events – are interrelated. The data of opinion polls that show significant regional differences in relation to historical events. The conclusion: as linguistic and historical contradictions used by political parties to mobilize voters, the overcoming cultural and political divisions are now impossible. The results can be used in the evaluation and prediction of the political situation in Ukraine

Ultimate permissible additional hogging of a brick wall during the reconstruction of a historical building

The paper analyzes the possible development of an approach limiting additional deformations of the base of a building during reconstruction. We consider the ultimate permissible value of additional relative hogging in a brickwork wall without reinforcement (f/L)ad,u, which is important for the solution of tasks on the reconstruction of historical buildings. The ultimate values of tensile deformations in a wall can serve as a safety criterion for uneven building settlements. The use of this criterion makes it possible to set more precise values (f/L)ad,u for a brick wall as compared with the values used in Construction Regulations SP 22.13330