L’évaluation externe des acquis des élèves, un "mal nécessaire" pour les enseignants

Cet article propose l’analyse des perceptions d’enseignants quant à un système d’évaluation externe des acquis des élèves dans la scolarité primaire du canton de Fribourg en Suisse. Dans ce contexte, différents types d’épreuves externes cantonales (épreuve de référence en 4ème et 6ème année ; épreuve d’orientation en 8ème) doivent permettre aux enseignants d’ajuster leurs pratiques. Une approche de recherche mixte a été choisie pour interroger l’expérience d’enseignants des différents degrés de la scolarité primaire (3ème à 8ème), par entretiens individuels (N=16) et par un questionnaire (N=305). Les résultats de notre étude montrent que l’évaluation externe est, dans ce contexte, généralement considérée par les enseignants interrogés comme un « mal nécessaire ». D’une part, les enseignants peuvent considérer l’évaluation externe comme utile pour ajuster leurs pratiques. Ils trouvent généralement les outils d’évaluation de qualité et en cohésion avec leurs pratiques d’évaluation en classe. D’autre part, les enseignants interrogés peuvent ressentir une certaine pression face aux épreuves, ayant notamment le sentiment que se sont davantage leurs propres compétences qui sont évaluées plutôt que celles de leurs élèves. Ces perceptions dépendent des caractéristiques des dispositifs d’évaluation externe (leurs finalités et leurs conséquences), mais aussi du profil des enseignants et surtout de la manière dont les EE sont implémentés sur le terrain. Dans le contexte étudié, un manque d’information et d’accompagnement place les enseignants dans une tension entre contrôle et formation qui renforce à la fois les pressions liées aux EE (le « mal ») et réduit son apport formatif (le « nécessaire »).This article proposes an analysis of the perceptions of teachers regarding a system of external testing of pupils’ achievements in primary schooling in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. In this context, different types of external tests (reference test in 4th and 6th grade; selection test in 8th grade) must allow teachers to adjust their teaching practices. A mixed research approach was chosen to examine the experience of teachers of different levels of primary schooling (3rd to 8th grade), using individual interviews (N=16) and a questionnaire (N=305). The results of our study show that the external testing system is generally considered by the interviewed teachers as a «necessary evil.» On the one hand, teachers can view external testing as useful for their practices, especially in order to reassure themselves. They also found that external tests are high-quality tools and consistent with their practices. On the other hand, teachers may feel some pressure in the tests, with the feeling that their own skills are being evaluated rather than those of their pupils. These perceptions depend mainly on the characteristics of external testing systems (purposes and consequences) but also on the teachers’ profile and above all on the way tests are implemented. In the studied context, lack of information and support places teachers in a tension between control and training which reinforces both the pressures linked to EE (the «evil») and reduces its formative input (the «necessary»)

Right-Wing Populist Parties' Bordering Narratives in Times of Crisis: Anti-Immigration Discourse in the Genevan Borderland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Right‐wing populist parties (RWPPs) view immigration as a threat to national identity and cultural and political cohesion. This paper explores the discourse on immigration of two such parties during a systemic crisis (the COVID‐19 pandemic) in a borderland area that entails a specific “symbolization” of the border as a result of geographic proximity. What kind of bordering narratives occur in this context, and how do they evolve? To answer these questions, the major RWPPs operating in the Geneva region were studied: the Genevan Swiss People's Party and the Geneva Citizens' Movement. Through a critical discourse analysis, a total of 181 documents published between 1 January and 31 August 2020 were analyzed, including the parties' official Facebook posts, press releases, and newspaper articles. Results show that the context of the pandemic favored the emergence of a strong re‐bordering narrative

Network Technology, Marketing And Independent Schools In Educaton Experience

Pada masa sekarang, banyak organisasi dan perusahaan terus menerus mencari cara yang inovatif untuk memasarkan produk mereka serta mencari target market baru. Dalam hal ini, siswa merupakan bagian dari masyarakat yang ternyata masih juga belum seluruhnya dimanfaatkan sebagai target market. Berikut empat cara sederhana yang umum dilakukan dalam memasarkan sebuah produk secara efektif kepada mereka antara lain menawarkan mereka secara langsung sebuah produk, membujuk mereka untuk membeli sebuah produk, menentukan target yang tepat sampai kepada memberikan pendekantan yang tepat pada grup tersebut. Bagaimana informasi disampaikan sangatlah cepat berubah dari industrial production model menjadi decentralized production model yang difasilitasi oleh munculnya teknologi network yang murah. Komponen-komponen yang menyertai dari model baru ini meliputi sarana publikasi seperti blog atau twitter, sarana media social seperti Facebook dan masih banyak lagi yang memungkinkan individu untuk menciptakan, berbagi, memanfaatkan serta mengevaluasi sebuah informasi dengan lebih cepat dan dapat diakses dengan cepat juga. Dalam paper ini, penulis akan membahas tiga perubahan utamadalam mnsyarakat sebagai dampak dari production model, serta bagaimana tiap perubahan tersebut berdampak pada paradigma pemasaran di dunia modern ini. Kedua, penulis juga akan menghubungkan perubahan-perubahan tersebut pada lingkungan sekolah sebagai communication environment yang berakhir pada pemberian rekomendasi kepada sekolah yang tidak hanya untuk direspon, akan tetapi juga mengambil manfaat akan keberadaan teknologi sebagai bentuk pendidikan kepada siswa. Kedua, penulis akan menghubungkan perubahan terhadap lingkungan komunikasi pada sekolah yang tidak terkait, dengan memberikan beberapa masukan nyata bagi sekolah untuk tidak hanya menjawab, tetapi juga untuk mengambil keuntungan dari teknologi dan memimpin dalam bidang pendidikan

ENGLISH PROFICIENCY OF HOTEL FRONT-LINERS: WHAT AND WHY?

English proficiency for hotel front-liners is paramount in giving excellent service for the guests. 60 seconds in the beginning of interaction leave the first impression for them. Therefore, oral communication skills play a significant role as a part of a musthave competence for front-liners. This study was triggered by initial findings at some hotels in Surabaya where there was a discrepancy between hotel leaders’ perception and real English proficiency of their front-liners. The hotel leaders perceived lower than the passing grade of the hotel and urgency of upgrading their competence emerged. Two research questions should be answered: (1) WHAT level of the frontliners’ English proficiency was, and (2) WHY they experienced difficulty when facing foreign guests. To answer the questions, a descriptive qualitative research employing a case study approach was conducted. The 3-star hotel consisting 20 participants was involved. Test of Business English Communication Competence Version 2.0 (TBECCv.2.0) was given to participants. TBECCv.20 was an ESP test created and developed for front-liners. After running the test, an online questionnaire was disseminated and interviews were also conducted for triangulation. Results revealed that the score range of 50-59 received the highest percentage; 40% which showed their English proficiency needed to be upgraded. Reasons of difficulty handling the foreign guests were due to (1) L1 interference, (2) educational background, (3) less English exposure, (4) the absence of ESP test at recruitment process. The study recommended further study for other categories of hotel and the staff professional development was recommended as well

Using Students’ Authentic Writings to Teach an Apprenticeship Report

An Apprenticeship Report as one of the obligatory products that students of Business English of Politeknik Ubaya have to produce becomes an important requirement since, during the writing process, it also involves the company where the students undergo the apprenticeship in their last semester. Having examined their writings, I found quite troublesome linguistic accuracy in their writings. Due to these most frequently occurring errors, I was finally triggered to make use their authentic writings as my teaching sources. Then, to follow up, I intentionally collected their works to be selected to be the teaching sources as I believed that bringing authenticity in the classroom produce positive feedback and substantial language learning (Reid, 1993: 177). Therefore, in this paper, I discussed further about the use of authentic materials and approaches in teaching writing using authentic materials. To obtain information whether authentic materials gave positive responses from the students or not, a set of questionnaire was distributed to them in all stages; pre-, whilst-, and post-writing. Overall results have shown positive responses from the students as they were exposed to their seniors’ authentic writings and experienced authentic-materials-based activities which I designed purposely for them

Investigation into Active Spanwise Camber Deformation on the Lateral Stability and Roll Control of the X-56A Compared to Conventional Ailerons

This research compares the stability and roll characteristics of an X-56A using AFRL’s Variable Camber Complaint wing technology to actively change wing camber compared to conventional ailerons deflected at set angles. An analysis of the stability and roll characteristics was modeled using a 3-D vortex lattice theory simulation, and that data was compared to wind tunnel testing to verify and validate the model results. Wind tunnel data was collected using 19 inch 3-D printed scale models with wings fabricated with a pre-determined percentage of camber deformation, as well as models with fixed aileron deflections. The full span model changed camber from the original airfoil 5% between the root and tip; the 1% camber model changed camber a total of 5% starting from the root, scaled at 1% per foot; and the quick camber change model changed camber 5% from the root over a scale adjusted 2 foot span. Wind tunnel testing was performed at a Reynolds number range from 30,000 to 150,000. Testing indicated at high speeds and low angles of attack, the camber deformed wings produced a roll moment and roll rate equivalent to, or greater than conventional ailerons. At larger angles of attack and low forward speeds, roll reversal and early wing stall were encountered due to the decreased camber. Because of early onset stall, the camber deformed wing had a lower lift coefficient with increased drag. The camber deformed models did not result in aerodynamic moment instability; however, they did demonstrate a decrease in roll and pitch stability. The 3-D model predicted accurate trends in roll and stability, but could not model viscous effects due to the inviscid nature of the simulation. Manual skin friction corrections yield more accurate drag results, increasing the ability for Tornado to model the behavior of the X-56A

Propuesta para la gerencia del proyecto ?dise?o, montaje, legalizaci?n y lanzamiento de una f?brica de cofres exequiales biodegradables? en la ciudad de Ibagu? departamento del Tolima.

175 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente escrito genera una visi?n clara y concreta de la implementaci?n de una f?brica de cofres exequiales biodegradable, a partir de las distintas viabilidades (mercadol?gica, t?cnica, financiera, administrativa, legal y ambiental); siendo estas favorables se procede a decir que el proyecto es factible a partir de la etapa de reformulaci?n, el prop?sito del documento es mostrar paso a paso la planeaci?n realizada para la implementaci?n del proyecto por parte del gerente del proyecto y su equipo nuclear, el cual tiene como prop?sito fabricar cofres exequiales (ata?des) biodegradables, los cuales est?n elaborados en cart?n compacto con cascara de arroz y resinas naturales, que contribuyan a mejorar los ecosistemas y la calidad de vida del ser humano, durante la etapa de la gerencia, se establece la planificaci?n , gesti?n del alcance, gesti?n del tiempo, gesti?n del costo, gesti?n de riesgo, gesti?n del talento humano, contrataci?n para la ejecuci?n del proyecto, aplicaci?n del Project, cierre y control, logrando el ?xito en la implementaci?n. Palabras Clave: Cofre Exequial, Biodegradable, Gerente de Proyecto, Equipo Nuclear.The present writing generates clear and concrete insight into the implementation of a biodegradable funeral, from the different feasibility chests factory (marketing, technical, financial, administrative, legal and environmental); these being favorable proceeds to say that the project is feasible from the stage of reformulation, the purpose of the document is to show step by step planning for the implementation of the project by the project manager and his nuclear team, which aims to produce chests funeral (coffins) products, which are made in compact carton with husk of rice and natural resinsto help improve the ecosystems and the quality of life of the human being, during the stage of management, established planning, scope management, time management, cost management, risk management, management of human talent, recruitment for the execution of the project, implementation of the Project, close and control, achieving success in implementation. Keywords: Biodegradable, Funeral, Project Manager, Nuclear Team

L'utilisation d'une bibliothèque d'un musée régional et les moyens de la faire évoluer: le cas de la bibliothèque du Musée de Morat

L'objectif de ce travail est de présenter le bilan de la bibliothèque d’un musée. Il s’agit du Musée de Morat dans le canton de Fribourg. C’est une bibliothèque que j’ai moi- même mise en place, de l’inventaire à la disposition dans les rayonnages. C’est en interrogeant les employés du musée qui sont les seuls utilisateurs de la bibliothèque que nous pouvons nous faire une idée des améliorations à apporter à cette bibliothèque. Nous suggérons également quelques pistes d’amélioration issues d’une réflexion personnelle. Dans un premier temps, est faite une mise en contexte du travail dont le bilan est élaboré par la suite. Cette présentation générale va de la description et du mandat du musée à la description sommaire de la réalisation de la bibliothèque. Le bilan, lui-même, de la bibliothèque est présenté dans un deuxième temps. Il s’appuie sur la collection et son traitement et les enquêtes auprès des usagers. Les propositions d’améliorations à différents niveaux sont proposées dans le troisième chapitre. On y trouve également l’amorce de quelques idées pour de nouveaux horizons pour la bibliothèque

Risk reduction in military aqueducts

En éste artículo se investiga un modelo de estandarización de los procesos que pueda ser aplicado en el sistema de acueducto de las unidades militares, se encuentra que las directrices y principios de gestión del riesgo expuestos por la NTC ISO 31000:2009 conllevan al cumplimiento de las políticas públicas nacionales, las metas mundiales y el acatamiento de la legislación en el tema de agua potable y gestión del riesgo. Esta norma voluntaria integra el desarrollo de los procesos a la mejora continua con especial énfasis en la identificación y reducción de los riesgos que se podrían presentar y que llevarían al sistema a un colapso parcial o total afectando de manera directa la población de la unidad militar por la ausencia del líquido.In this article we are going to investigate a standardization Modell process that can be applied to water systems on military facilities, we found the guidelines and the principles of risk management presented by the NTC ISO 31000:2009 lead an accomplishment of the national public policies, global goals and the compliance legislation for drinkable water issues and risk management. This voluntary standard integrates a development process for the continuous improvement with special emphasis on the identification and reduction of risks that could be present in the future in case of partial or total collapse, creating a water deficiency impacting military population directly

More than 30% HCV prevalence in the HIV-1 El-Fateh children hospital outbreak is a key for both elucidation and public health measures

Comment on: Bagasra O, Alsayari M. The Case of the Libyan HIV-1 Outbreak. Libyan J Med 2007; 2(1);AOP:07020