Teaching Diversity through Multicultural Children\u27s Literature: A Guidebook for Korean English Elementary School Teachers

This project focuses on developing guides and lesson plans promoting multiculturalism, intended for Korean teachers to use during English language immersion camps. The goals are to encourage students to affirm themselves as unique individuals, accept and respect others who are different, learn about other cultures, overcome prejudice, apply critical thinking skills to issues related to cultural diversity, and become advocates for social justice. With these goals in mind, a literature review of established conceptual frameworks for multicultural education is presented, along with an exploration of ways in which students benefit from multicultural literature. Results of recent studies and surveys of Korean teachers are presented, illustrating the need for development of multicultural curricula for Korean schools. As background information, a summary of relevant aspects of recent developments in Korean history is presented, including recent changes in the educational system

Effects of Active Participation and Education of Caregivers on Peripheral Intravenous Injections for Their Child

This study was to determine the effects of active participation and education of caregivers on the pain experienced by their hospitalized children, the anxiety of the caregivers, and the working efficiency of nurses when administering peripheral intravenous (IV) injections to their children. It was found IV injections were the most feared procedures experienced by inpatient pediatric patients. A quasi-experimental design used in which different types of treatment were given to subjects in three groups. All caregivers received brief verbal information about the peripheral IV injection procedure for their child. Those in the control group then stayed outside the treatment room, those in the first experimental group observed the procedure, and those in the second experimental group participated actively in the procedure for their child after additionally receiving written information about it. Hospitalized children’s pain level did not differ among the three study groups (F=1.18, p=.323) while caregivers’ anxiety level differed being lowest in the second experimental group (F=5.98, p=.001). The nursing action duration of performing the intravenous injection was longest and shortest in the first and control group, respectively (F=5.07, p=.003). This study shows that active participation and education of caregivers decreased the caregiver’s anxiety during peripheral IV injections for their children, while the absence of caregivers shortened the duration of performing the IV injection. The outcomes of caregiver anxiety and the duration of the IV injection were worse for caregivers who observed their child without receiving additional education about or participating in the injection

Educational Needs Associated with the Level of Complication and Comparative Risk Perceptions in People with Type 2 Diabetes

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the educational needs of people with type 2 diabetes according to risk perceptions and the level of severity of complications. Methods: There were 177 study participants who were outpatients of the internal medicine department at a university hospital located in the Republic of Korea, who consented to participate in the survey from December 10, 2016 to February 10, 2017. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, ANOVA with post-hoc comparison, and multiple regression analysis. Type 2 diabetes complications were classified into 3 groups: no complications, common complications, and severe complications. Results: There were statistically significant positive correlations between educational needs and comparative risk perceptions, and the level of complication and comparative risk perception. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the factor predicting educational needs of type 2 diabetes people was their comparative risk perceptions, rather than the severity of diabetes complications or sociodemographic variables. Conclusion: Since risk perception is the factor that indicates the educational needs of people with type 2 diabetes, there is a need to explore factors which increase risk perception, in order to meet educational needs. The findings suggest that a more specific and individualized educational program, which focuses on each person\u27s risk perceptions, should be developed

Impact of Education as a Social Determinant on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults

Education is correlated with health literacy, which is a combination of reading and listening skills, data analysis, and decision-making during the necessary health situations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of education on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is a population-based cross-sectional study using the 2019 nationwide survey data in Korea. There were 3951 study subjects, after excluding participants with missing data for key exposures and outcome variables. Descriptive statistics, χ2 (chi-square) test, and logistic regression were performed to analyze the data. The prevalence of T2DM was associated with educational attainment, sex, age, smoking status, physical activity, carbohydrate intake, and obesity. In the logistic regression model, the odds ratio (OR) of having T2DM was much lower among people educated in college or higher (OR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.34–0.64) than those with only or without primary education after adjusting for biological factors (sex, age) and health behaviors (smoking status, physical activity, carbohydrate intake, and obesity). This study shows that educational attainment is a significant social determinant influencing health outcomes both directly and indirectly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies to reduce the health inequity of T2DM caused by differences in educational attainment

Quality of Life Differences between Younger and Older Breast Cancer Patients

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate quality of life (QOL) differences between younger (<50 years) and older (≥50 years) breast cancer survivors and to determine the unique effect of age on QOL after adjusting age-correlated variables. Methods: One thousand two hundred fifty patients were enrolled. Clinicopatholgical and social parameters were reviewed and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast cancer instrument (FACT-B) and the Ladder of Life scale were used to measure the QOL. Among 1,250 eligible patients, 1,094 patients completed the questionnaire and were used for analysis. Chi-square test, t-test and a series of multiple regression analyses were conducted to verify age-related differences in QOL between two groups and to evaluate the unique contribution of age variable on QOL of breast cancer patients. Results: Significant socio-demographic and clinical differences existed based on age categories, includin

On coincidence and fixed-point theorems in symmetric spaces,”

We give an axiom C.C in symmetric spaces and investigate the relationships between C.C and axioms W3 , W4 , and H.E . We give some results on coinsidence and fixed-point theorems in symmetric spaces, and also, we give some examples for the results o

On Coincidence and Fixed-Point Theorems in Symmetric Spaces

We give an axiom (C.C) in symmetric spaces and investigate the relationships between (C.C) and axioms (W3), (W4), and (H.E). We give some results on coinsidence and fixed-point theorems in symmetric spaces, and also, we give some examples for the results of Imdad et al. (2006)

Improvement of the qualification system in Korea for foreign nurses eligible to take Korean nursing licensing examination

Purpose We aimed to review and provide a quality improvement for the document utilized by the relevant Korean government body to verify and evaluate foreign university/college graduates’ eligibility for nursing and qualification to take the Korean nursing licensing examination. Methods This was a descriptive study. We analyzed the current Korean qualification system for foreign graduates to take the Korean nursing licensing examination and the same system utilized in some other countries. Then, we created a draft of the reviewed qualification standards document based on the 2 prior analyses and their comparisons, and applied a questionnaire in an open hearing with 5 experts to enhance the draft’s quality. Finally, we presented and discussed the final draft. Results The reviewed criteria of the qualification standards included confirming whether the foreign graduate’s university has an accreditation provided by its relevant government body, the exclusion of foreign graduates’ provision of several documents previously required, a minimum number of credits (1,000 hours) for their original course, a 3-year minimum enrollment period for their original course, and a mandatory reassessment of the foreign graduates’ university recognition in a 5-year cycle. Conclusion We believe that by creating a review draft that addresses the flaws of the current document utilized to determine the qualification for foreign graduates to take the Korean nursing licensing examination, we have simplified it for a better understanding of the application process. We hope that this draft will contribute to a more objective and equitable qualification process for foreign university nurse graduates in Korea

A study on Korean nursing students' educational outcomes

The purpose of this study was to describe outcome indicators of nursing education including critical thinking, professionalism, leadership, and communication and to evaluate differences among nursing programs and academic years. A descriptive research design was employed. A total of 454 students from four year baccalaureate (BS) nursing programs and two three-year associate degree (AD) programs consented to complete self-administered questionnaires. The variables were critical thinking, professionalism, leadership and communication. Descriptive statistics, χ2-test, t-tests, ANOVA, and the Tukey test were utilized for the data analysis. All the mean scores of the variables were above average for the test instruments utilized. Among the BS students, those in the upper classes tended to attain higher scores, but this tendency was not identified in AD students. There were significant differences between BS students and AD students for the mean scores of leadership and communication. These findings suggested the need for further research to define properties of nursing educational outcomes, and to develop standardized instruments for research replication and verification

Effect of software version and parameter settings on the marginal and internal adaptation of crowns fabricated with the CAD/CAM system

Objective This study investigated the marginal and internal adaptation of individual dental crowns fabricated using a CAD/CAM system (Sirona’s BlueCam), also evaluating the effect of the software version used, and the specific parameter settings in the adaptation of crowns.Material and Methods Forty digital impressions of a master model previously prepared were acquired using an intraoral scanner and divided into four groups based on the software version and on the spacer settings used. The versions 3.8 and 4.2 of the software were used, and the spacer parameter was set at either 40 μm or 80 μm. The marginal and internal fit of the crowns were measured using the replica technique, which uses a low viscosity silicone material that simulates the thickness of the cement layer. The data were analyzed using a Friedman two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-tests with significance level set at