Algorithms for a very high speed universal noiseless coding module

The algorithmic definitions and performance characterizations are presented for a high performance adaptive coding module. Operation of at least one of these (single chip) implementations is expected to exceed 500 Mbits/s under laboratory conditions. Operation of a companion decoding module should operate at up to half the coder's rate. The module incorporates a powerful noiseless coder for Standard Form Data Sources (i.e., sources whose symbols can be represented by uncorrelated non-negative integers where the smaller integers are more likely than the larger ones). Performance close to data entropies can be expected over a Dynamic Range of from 1.5 to 12 to 14 bits/sample (depending on the implementation)

On the optimality of code options for a universal noiseless coder

A universal noiseless coding structure was developed that provides efficient performance over an extremely broad range of source entropy. This is accomplished by adaptively selecting the best of several easily implemented variable length coding algorithms. Custom VLSI coder and decoder modules capable of processing over 20 million samples per second are currently under development. The first of the code options used in this module development is shown to be equivalent to a class of Huffman code under the Humblet condition, other options are shown to be equivalent to the Huffman codes of a modified Laplacian symbol set, at specified symbol entropy values. Simulation results are obtained on actual aerial imagery, and they confirm the optimality of the scheme. On sources having Gaussian or Poisson distributions, coder performance is also projected through analysis and simulation

Yield Components of Spring Oats as Affected by Seeding Rate and Fertility Level

Experiments with oats have shown approximately equal yields from a wide range of seeding rates. Also, oats usually respond to an adequate supply of plant food elements. Yield is a product. As Grafius (12) pointed out, the yield of oats may be represented geometrically as the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped with edges X1= number of panicles per unit area, X2= average number of seeds per panicle, and X3= average weight per seed. Multiplied together X1X2X3 equals Y, yield. All changes in the yield components need not be expressed as changes in yield, but all changes in yield must be accompanied by changes in one or more of the components. Therefore, if a single variety seeded at several different rate exhibits approximately equal yields, the yield constancy may be due to changes in one or more of the components. The objectives of this study were to: 1. Investigate the effects of seeding rate and fertility level on yield and yield components. 2. Determine the relative importance of the yield components in influencing yield. 3. Determine the response of certain other agronomic characteristics, namely, heading date, lodging, maturity date, plant height, seedlings per unit area, test weight, and panicles per plant, to seeding rate and fertility level. 4. Evaluate the relationships among yield, yield components and other agronomic characteristics

Precedential Decisions at the PTAB: An Endangered Species?

This Article describes the USPTO’s practice of designating certain opinions as precedential, informative, or representative and compares it to the practice of issuing precedential opinions at other agencies that conduct quasi-judicial proceedings. The Article explores the impact of these agency practices on stare decisis. It concludes that the USPTO should simplify its designation process, increase the number of precedential opinions, and by doing so improve consistency and predictability

A Quantitative Analysis Of AIS Professor Compensation

Much research has been published related to compensation in major academic fields such as finance and economics, however little attention has been paid to Accounting Information Systems (AIS).  Conspicuously absent from the literature are in-depth studies of faculty compensation and its relationship to research productivity for AIS faculty.  This study examines compensation, rank and publication data collected from members of the American Accounting Association.  Members of the Information Systems section and the Emerging Technology/Artificial Intelligence section were surveyed.  The relationships between compensation and its possible determinants such as research productivity and institutional accreditation are reported as well as analyzed.  We find that compensation is significantly correlated with professors’ profiles as well as the school profile where the professor is employed

The implementation of a lossless data compression module in an advanced orbiting system: Analysis and development

Data compression has been proposed for several flight missions as a means of either reducing on board mass data storage, increasing science data return through a bandwidth constrained channel, reducing TDRSS access time, or easing ground archival mass storage requirement. Several issues arise with the implementation of this technology. These include the requirement of a clean channel, onboard smoothing buffer, onboard processing hardware and on the algorithm itself, the adaptability to scene changes and maybe even versatility to the various mission types. This paper gives an overview of an ongoing effort being performed at Goddard Space Flight Center for implementing a lossless data compression scheme for space flight. We will provide analysis results on several data systems issues, the performance of the selected lossless compression scheme, the status of the hardware processor and current development plan

Respect in the Classroom: A Developmental Approach

This article examines respect through Piaget\u27s theory, recent empirical research, and exemplary practice in order to highlight a developmental approach to understanding and fostering respect in the classroom

The impact of Covid-19 on US firms

We use survey data on an opt-in panel of around 2,500 US small businesses to assess the impact of COVID-19. We find a significant negative sales impact that peaked in Quarter 2 of 2020, with an average loss of 29% in sales. The large negative impact masks significant heterogeneity, with over 40% of firms reporting zero or a positive impact, while almost a quarter report losses of more than 50%. These impacts also appear to be persistent, with firms reporting the largest sales drops in mid-2020 still forecasting large sales losses a year later in mid-2021. In terms of business types, we find that the smallest offline firms experienced sales drops of over 40% compared to less than 10% for the largest online firms. Finally, in terms of owners, we find female and black owners reported significantly larger drops in sales. Owners with a humanities degree also experienced far larger losses, while those with a STEM degree saw the least impact

GUI Testing Using Computer Vision

Testing a GUI's visual behavior typically requires human testers to interact with the GUI and to observe whether the expected results of interaction are presented. This paper presents a new approach to GUI testing using computer vision for testers to automate their tasks. Testers can write a visual test script that uses images to specify which GUI components to interact with and what visual feedback to be observed. Testers can also generate visual test scripts by demonstration. By recording both input events and screen images, it is possible to extract the images of components interacted with and the visual feedback seen by the demonstrator, and generate a visual test script automatically. We show that a variety of GUI behavior can be tested using this approach. Also, we show how this approach can facilitate good testing practices such as unit testing, regression testing, and test-driven development.National Science Foundation (U.S.). (Grant number IIS-0447800)Quanta Computer (Firm) (TParty project