Evaluation of bacteria for biological control of early blightdisease of tomato

Twenty three bacterial isolate out of 190, exhibiting inhibitory affects against Alternaria solani in preliminary tests, were screened for their activity towards A. solani Ell. and G. Martin) Sor. by a dualculture in vitro assay on nutrient agar (NA) medium and in vivo (whole plant) test. In vitro studies indicated that all the 23 bacterial isolates inhibited the mycelial growth of A. solani by forming inhibition zone ranging from 9.35 to 31.3 mm. The most effective isolate was Serratia plymuthica (IK- 139) (31.3 mm) based on the in vitro test results. Twenty three bacterial isolates were subjected to a whole plant test to investigate their ability to protect the tomato plant against early blight disease. In whole plant tests, 0.5 x 108 cfu/ml bacterial suspension was sprayed and one day later, A. solani spores suspension were applied on tomato seedlings and plants were incubated in moist chamber at 20°C with 95% relative humidity (RH) and 12 h photoperiods for 21 days. Based on the whole plant tests, Paenibacillus macerans-GC subgroup A (1.82), Serratia plymuthica (1.78), Bacillus coagulans (1.75), Serratia marcescens-GC subgroup A (1.50), Bacillus pumilis –GC subgroup B (1.50) and Pantoea agglomerans (1.32) bacterial isolates reduced the disease severity of early blight significantly when compared with control. These results suggest that the bacterial isolates studied have a good potential to be used as biocontrol agents of A. solani in tomato.Key words: Alternaria solani, early blight, biological control, bacterial isolate

Fossa posterior fossa yerleşimli glioblastoma

A 63-year-old woman operated eight months ago for glioblastoma (GB) located in posterior fossa was admitted to emergency room for stuporous, nausea, vo-miting and headache. CT and MR showed recurrence of posterior fossa cystic-necrotic tumour without any other intracranial contrast enhancing lesion. Tumour was removed near totally. Perseverative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula from the incision was occurred and contaminated by multidrug resistant Acinetobacter ba-umannii. Two months after the tumour removal she was expired because of the septicaemia. GB located in posterior fossa is uncommon in both adults and child-ren; and it appears as two different subsets: de novo (primary type) and secondary glioblastomas. Although our patient's immunohistochemical findings werenot enough to demonstrate the tumour subset, we have thought that her tumour was de novo because of no other brain involvement, staining with GFAP, vimentin, and nearly absent p53 mutation

Multicomponent bi-superHamiltonian KdV systems

It is shown that a new class of classical multicomponent super KdV equations is bi-superHamiltonian by extending the method for the verification of graded Jacobi identity. The multicomponent extension of super mKdV equations is obtained by using the super Miura transformation

Robust Upward Dispersion of the Neutron Spin Resonance in the Heavy Fermion Superconductor Ce1−x_{1-x}Ybx_{x}CoIn5_5

The neutron spin resonance is a collective magnetic excitation that appears in copper oxide, iron pnictide, and heavy fermion unconventional superconductors. Although the resonance is commonly associated with a spin-exciton due to the $d$($s^{\pm}$)-wave symmetry of the superconducting order parameter, it has also been proposed to be a magnon-like excitation appearing in the superconducting state. Here we use inelastic neutron scattering to demonstrate that the resonance in the heavy fermion superconductor Ce$_{1-x}$Yb$_{x}$CoIn$_5$ with $x=0,0.05,0.3$ has a ring-like upward dispersion that is robust against Yb-doping. By comparing our experimental data with random phase approximation calculation using the electronic structure and the momentum dependence of the $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconducting gap determined from scanning tunneling microscopy for CeCoIn$_5$, we conclude the robust upward dispersing resonance mode in Ce$_{1-x}$Yb$_{x}$CoIn$_5$ is inconsistent with the downward dispersion predicted within the spin-exciton scenario.Comment: Supplementary Information available upon reques

Rule-based inference and decomposition for distributed in-network processing in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are application specific and necessitate the development of specific network and information processing architectures that can meet the requirements of the applications involved. A common type of application for wireless sensor networks is the event-driven reactive application, which requires reactive actions to be taken in response to events. In such applications, the interest is in the higher-level information described by complex event patterns, not in the raw sensory data of individual nodes. Although the central processing of information produces the most accurate results, it is not an energy-efficient method because it requires a continuous flow of raw sensor readings over the network. As communication operations are the most expensive in terms of energy usage, the distributed processing of information is indispensable for viable deployments of applications in wireless sensor networks. This method not only helps in reducing the total amount of packets transmitted in the network and the total energy consumed by the sensor nodes, but also produces scalable and fault-tolerant networks. For this purpose, we present two schemes that distribute information processing to appropriate nodes in the network. These schemes use reactive rules, which express relations between event patterns and actions, in order to capture reactive behavior. We also share the results of the performance of our algorithms and the simulations based on our approach that show the success of our methods in decreasing network traffic while still realizing the desired functionality. © 2016, Springer-Verlag London