Biofacies Analysis of the Upper Oligocene Deposits (Qom Formation) in Urumieh Dokhtar Zone, Iran

In order to determine the accurate paleoenvironmental conditions of Qom Formation, one stratigraphic section was studied in the Urumieh-Dokhtar Zone (West of Ashtian). 60 thin sections of the Qom Formation, 71 m thick, were prepared and the distribution of benthic foraminifera was analyzed. On the basis of the recognized foraminifera, the age of Qom Formation in the studied section is assigned to the Late Oligocene (Chattian). In this study, sex different biofacies and two lithofacies types have been recognized, that can be grouped into two depositional environments, back ramp (alluvium channel, lagoon and shoal) and the ramp (inner, middle and outer ramp). The alluvium channel is characterized by Gms (gravel with massive layering and abundant matrix). The shoal is represented by fine to medium sandstone: calcite cemented submature litharenite. The lagoon is dominated by the presence of bioclastic bryozoan corallinacea wackestone- packstone and bioclastic foraminifera corallinacean wackstone to packstone. The inner ramp is characterized by bioclastic benthic foraminifera (perforate and imperforate) wackestone-packstone and the middle ramp represented by bioclastic perforate foraminifera wackstone-packstone and bioclastic Operculina packstone. Outer ramp is characterized by bioclast benthic and planktonic foraminifera mudstone

Evaluation the status of medical library of Shahid Babai faculty of medicine and its dependent Therapeutic Centers in comparison with standards for Iranian Academic libraries

Background: The matching criteria for the standard academic libraries and university libraries in the principles that the library can achieve long-term goals help University research & education and lack of attention to this issue will lead to delays or failure to achieve these goals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of medical library of Shahid Babaee faculty of medicine and its six dependent hospital libraries of Qazvin University of medical sciences, and its comparison with the Standards of Academic Library. Methods: A descriptive epidemiology method was used in this study. The study population consisted of libraries of Shahid Babaee faculty of medicine and its dependent clinical centers. Standardized questionnaire and a check list were used to collect data. Findings: The findings indicate that, in connection with the human specialist, all 7 managers of official's library have not librarian education degree. 57% of the libraries surveyed (4 libraries) have organizational charts and division of work in the library, and 71.4 % (5 libraries) had written procedures and policies which were provided for their staff and managers. Libraries have not an independent budget for their selves. 71.4% (5 libraries) of the library have a reading hall. In 71.4% a separated space has not been either for library materials technology or for staffs. Conclusion: however some factors are near to standards level, but the staff –student ratio, specialist staff, standard spaces, in these libraries are below the standards level and its need more and properly Attention of managers of Qazvin University of medical sciences to improve and to reach to the standard goals of medical libraries. Keywords: faculty libraries, hospital libraries, standard

Correlation between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Cardiac Disease Severity

Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is one of the most common respiratory disorders in humans. There is emerging evidence linking OSA to vascular disease, particularly hypertension.The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that link OSA to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation are not entirely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD). Methods. A questionnaire survey based on Berlin questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was conducted among 406 patients to assess demographic data and the symptoms, such as excessive daytime sleepiness and snoring. Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Berlin questionnaire were completed by all of the patients. Venous blood samples were obtained for biochemical tests. Characteristics of coronary arterieswere collected fromangiographies’ reports. All patientswere divided into two groups based on results from Berlin questionnaire: low risk patients for OSA and high risk patients for OSA. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 13. Results. Mean age of patientswas 61.8 ± 10.5. 212 (52.2%) patients were categorized as high risk group for apnea. Also, excessive daytime sleepiness was reported in 186 patients (45.8%). The severity of coronary artery involvement, daytime sleepiness, and electrocardiogram abnormalities was significantly higher in high risk patients for OSA compared with low risk patients. High risk patients had higher level of FBS and LDL and lower level of HDL cholesterol

Training needs assessment of empowerment of faculty members in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences based on regulations of empowerment and increasing the knowledge of faculty members plan

Background: Several needs assessments have shown the need for faculty members, at different stages of starting and continuing their academic career, to be empowered in their own discipline as well as in other interdisciplinary capabilities which are the continuation of education, research and management in various fields of medical sciences to which they have not enough time and opportunity in their academic learning period. Objective: The purpose of this study was determine the educational needs of faculty members of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in line with the implementation of regulations of empowerment and increasing the knowledge of faculty members in of universities and research institutes of Iran in 2012 in which the focus is on training and religious courses. Methods: In this descriptive - cross sectional survey, we prepared some questionnaires using indicators derived from the literature and similar foreign and domestic studies and guidelines and regulations set for implementation of empowerment and increasing the knowledge of faculty members in 2012. The sample questionnaires determined for our sample faculty members (140 students) selected by cluster–random samplings were sent to all the universities. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical measures of mean and standard deviation were used in order to describe the date. Findings: Different areas of educational needs in the course of training course were respectively as follow: scope of research in variables of familiarity with methods of preparing and publishing articles in ISI journals, writing scientific texts, personal development scope variables in the manner of doing internal and external scientific correspondence, English grammar and conversation, scope of information technology and searching resources and familiarity with SPSS variables, medical education communication and consultation with students and teaching methods and techniques in execution and management especially time management variable and evaluation in terms of familiarity with modern methods of student assessment. In religious courses, workshops for ethics in education and scientific and professional ethics are necessary for faulty members. Faculty members of the university tend to participate in personal development and information technology areas as well as some medical training workshops in person, but prefer to participate in assessment and cultural areas as well as some workshops in executive and management in distance courses. Conclusions: Faculty members of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences have educational needs for research, personal development and information technology areas, so it is suggested that these items should be a priority for faculty members’ empowerment workshops. Administrative and management, assessment and cultural areas have not been pretty remarkable, so it is suggested that the scores of all these seven areas offered and homogenized so that the importance of one area does not affect the other areas. It is highly recommended that virtual educational infrastructure and facilities be provided at the university so that faculty members can easily enjoy the benefits of distance training. Key words: Needs assessment, empowerment, faculty members, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, training prioritie

Prevalence of insomnia and its relation with academic performance of medical students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

Background: Sleep is an essential element for proper academic performance in medical students, but today’s young students are deprived of this. Previous studies in other countries showed high prevalence of sleep disturbances in college students, which affect their academic performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of insomnia in medical students of Qazvin University and its relation with their academic performance. Methods: This cross sectional self-administered questionnaire based survey was conducted at Qazvin University of medical sciences from 1-31 March, 2013. The participants were medical students. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was completed to identify prevalence of insomnia. Average of grade point was recorded for academic performance. Findings: Out of 230 medical students, 170 (73.9%) participated in the study. Mean sleep duration of students was 6.1±1.3 hours. The ISI score demonstrated that 28.8% of students were considered to have no clinical significant insomnia. Also, 71.2% of them were considered to have sub threshold and moderate severity of insomnia. Abnormal ISI score and lower hours of sleeping were associated with lower academic achievement (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of insomnia in medical students. Also, it was observed that the insomniac students did not achieve good academic performance. Keywords: medical student, insomnia, academic performanc

Comparison of Two Regimens of RhG-CSF in Neutropenic Neonatal Septicemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

&quot;nConsidering the 50% mortality rate of neonatal septicemia associated with neutropenia and increasing resistance to antibiotics, simultaneous antibiotic therapy strategies are becoming more important. However, few studies have been performed to evaluate effectiveness of RhG-CSF in the treatment of neutropenia in neonates. This randomized clinical trial was performed on 40 neutropenic neonates with septicemia who were hospitalized in Vali-e-Asr and Mirza Koochak Khan Hospitals (Tehran, Iran). The neonates were randomly divided into two equal groups RhG-CSF was administered as a subcutaneous single dose of 10&amp;mu;g/kg/s.c. to neonates in group A and as 10&amp;mu;g/kg/s.c./day once daily for 3 days to neonates in group B. CBC and differential count was checked 6, 24 and 48 hours after the last dose. There was no significant difference in mean birth weight, gender, age, and risk factors between two groups. Neutropenia was improved 48 hours after the last dose, whilst there was no significant statistical difference between two groups (P&amp;gt;0.05). The final outcome including death, duration of hospitalization and duration of antibiotics therapy after RhG-CSF administration did not differ between two groups (P&amp;gt;0.05). The results of this study showed that administration of a single dose of RhG-CSF (10&amp;mu;g/kg) was effective in treating neonatal septicemic neutropenia

Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available