Quality changes of spotless shad during storage at different conditions

KORAL, SERKAN/0000-0001-7424-2481; Kose, Sevim/0000-0001-6029-0458WOS: 000377012900006This study investigates the effect of using ice in combination with refrigeration on the sensory, physico-chemical and microbiological attributes of spotless shad during storage. Spotless shad kept in ice under refrigerated conditions had better sensory, physicochemical and microbiological quality as compared with control groups. the shelf life of samples kept at ambient temperature without ice was 2 days. Using ice and refrigeration only extended the shelf-life for 3 days and 4 days, respectively, while ice application with refrigeration further increased the shelf-life by 10 days. Physico-chemical and microbiological results usually supported sensory values. Histamine values were below EU (European Union) and FDA permitted levels for the shelf-life of fish

EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXICITY OF DIFFERENT UNIVERSAL BONDS USING THE XCELLIGENCE SYSTEM

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the cytotoxic effects of five different universal bonding agents on mouse fibroblast cell lines (L929). Materials and Methods: Five different widely used universal adhesive systems were chosen that have different contents, pH levels, and polymerization methods. A real-time cell analyzer (RT-CES, xCELLigence; Roche Applied Science, Germany, and ACEA Biosciences, USA) was used for cytotoxic evaluation of light-cured polymerized G-Premio Bond (GC Europe, Belgium), Prime&Bond Universal (Dentsply Sirona, USA), Universal Bond Quick (Kuraray, USA), Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE, USA) and self-cured polymerized Tokuyama Universal Bond (Tokuyama, USA) experimental groups. L929 were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1 % antibiotics. The assay was performed E-plate-16 and monitored every 15 min for 72 h. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey’s posthoc tests. Results: All tested universal adhesive systems showed a statistically significant difference in cytotoxicity values in different time periods (p<0.05). Among the groups compared, G-Premio Bond showed the least cytotoxic effect; and Tokuyama Universal Bond showed the most cytotoxic effect. Different times of all universal adhesive systems significantly increased the count of viable cells compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: In dentistry, universal adhesive systems can be observed cytotoxic effects to live cells. The evaluation of cytotoxicity with xCELLigence device is a reliable method and should be supported by new studies on this subject

Development of Cycle Length Models using Flower Pollination Algorithm for Isolated Signalized Intersections

Son zamanlarda nüfus ve ekonomideki büyüme karayollarında araç kullanımını arttırmakta, buna bağlı olarak da kavşakların kapasitesi yetersiz kalmaktadır. Kavşakların verimsiz çalışmasından dolayı gecikme, yakıt tüketimi, emisyon salınımı artarken sürücü davranışları da olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Kavşak geometrilerinin iyileştirilmesinin yanı sıra, optimum devre süresinin doğru tespiti ve sinyal sürelerinin düzenlenmesi ile de bu sorunların minimuma indirilebilmesi mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Çiçek Tozlaşma Algoritması (ÇTA) kullanılarak optimum devre süresi modelleri geliştirilmiştir. Ayrıca en düşük gecikmeye sahip olan devre sürelerinin belirlenmesinde Diferansiyel Gelişim Algoritmasından (DGA) yararlanılmıştır. Kalibre edilen Webster modeline ilave olarak sabit eklenmiş Webster model formu ve üstel formda devre süresi modelleri geliştirilmiştir. VISSIM simülasyon programı ile elde edilen gecikme değerlerine göre geliştirilen bütün modeller Webster modeli ve VISTRO optimizasyon programı ile karşılaştırılmış ve önerilen modellerin istatistiksel olarak daha iyi performansa sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bu modellerin özellikle yüksek trafik hacmine sahip trafik durumlarında yetersiz kalan Webster modelindeki eksiklikleri kapatarak alternatif bir devre süresi tahmin modeli olarak kullanılabileceği ön görülmektedir.Recently, the growth in population and economy has increased the use of vehicles on highways and accordingly the capacity of the intersections is insufficient. Delay, fuel consumption and emissions are increased due to the inefficient operation of intersections, and driver behavior is adversely affected. In addition to improving intersection geometry, by correct determination of optimum cycle length and arrangement of signal times, it is possible to minimize these problems. In this study, optimum cycle length models have been developed by using Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). Additionally, Differential Evolution Algorithm has been used to determine the cycle length which has the minimum delay value for each traffic situation. In addition to the calibrated Webster model, Webster model with constant form and exponential form have been developed as cycle length models. All models developed according to the delay values obtained with the VISSIM simulation program were compared with the Webster model and the VISTRO optimization program and the proposed models were found to have statistically better performance. It has been seen that these models can be used as an alternative cycle length estimation model by defeating the deficiencies in Webster model which is insufficient especially in traffic situations with high traffic volume

The genetic history of the Southern Arc: a bridge between West Asia and Europe

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe

Development of optimum cycle length models with flower pollination algorithm

YÖK Tez ID: 559876Günümüz koşullarında ulaşım talebindeki hızlı artış yol kapasitelerinin yetersiz kalmasına ve başta kavşaklar olmak üzere trafik sıkışıklığına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle trafik yönetiminde optimizasyon teknikleri etkin olarak kullanılmakta ve trafikten kaynaklı problemler çözülerek mevcut trafiğin daha etkili yönetilmesine çalışılmaktadır. Kavşaklarda sinyal kontrolü, kavşak geometrisi, mevcut araçların varlığı, yaya hareketleri gibi farklı nedenlerden dolayı gecikmeler meydana gelmektedir. Özellikle kavşak kontrolündeki eksiklikler gecikmeyle beraber kavşaklarda kapasitenin düşmesine, bekleme dolayısıyla da yakıt tüketiminin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kavşakların etkin işletilmesinde önemli bir parametre olan devre süresinin tayini temel bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu tez kapsamında da minimum gecikmeyi sağlayacak optimum devre süresinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tezde farklı trafik hacimlerinde optimum devre süresini veren modeller geliştirilmiş ve performansları ortaya konulmuştur. Modellerin geliştirilmesinde Diferansiyel Gelişim Algoritması (DGA) ve Çiçek Tozlaşması Algoritması (ÇTA) kullanılmış olup, farklı model formları oluşturulmuştur. Modeller, literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılan Webster optimum devre süresi modeli ile karşılaştırılmış ve performanslar ortalama taşıt gecikmeleri ile incelenerek hangi modelin Webster modeline göre daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği ortaya konulmuştur. Performans değerlendirmesinde kullanılan gecikme verisi VISSIM simülasyon programı üzerinden elde edilmiştir. Her bir trafik durumu için farklı yaklaşımlardan elde edilen devre sürelerine göre VISSIM ile farklı atama numaraları kullanılarak aynı trafik durumu için 3'er kez simülasyonu gerçekleştirilmiş ve böylece farklı sürücü karakteristiklerinin gecikmeye olan etkisi de göz önüne alınmıştır. Geliştirilen model formları içerisinde her 3 modelde Webster Modeline göre daha başarılı olmakla birikte, üstel formdaki model yapısının en iyi performansa sahip olduğu görülmüştür.Geliştirilen modellerin diğer bir başarısı da hem doygun altı hem de doygun üstü trafik durumlarında trafiği yönetebilmesidir. Bu tez optimum devre süresi tayininde farklı optimizasyon tekniklerinin uygulanmasını da ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, en düşük gecikme değerini veren devre süresi ile kavşağın yönetilmesini amaç edindiği için yerel yönetimin veya trafik kurumlarının trafik planlamalarında bu çalışmadan çıkacak sonuçlardan planlama, karar alma vb. işlemlerinde yararlanabilecekleri düşünülmektedir.The rapid increase in transportation demands in today's conditions leads to inadequate road capacities and traffic congestion, especially at intersections. Therefore, optimization techniques are used effectively in traffic management and the existing traffic is managed more effectively by solving problems caused by traffic. There are delays at intersections due to different reasons such as signal control, intersection geometry, the presence of existing vehicles, pedestrian movements. In particular, the shortcomings in intersection control cause not only the delays but also the decrease in the capacity of the intersections and the increase in fuel consumption. For this reason, the determination of the cycle length, an important parameter, in the effective operation of intersection is a main factor. The main objective of this project is to determine the optimum cycle length to provide the minimum delay. In the thesis, models were developed to determine the optimal cycle length for different traffic situations and performances of models were revealed. In the development of the models, Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) and Flower Pollution Algorithm (FPA) were used and different model forms were created. The models were compared with the Webster optimal cycle length model which is commonly used in the literature and the performances were examined by average vehicle delays, it was revealed that which model gives better result than Webster model. The delay data to be used in the performance evaluation were obtained from the VISSIM simulation program. For each traffic situation by using various seed number 3 times simulation with VISSIM were performed to consider into effect different driver characteristics on the delay were examined in these simulations. Among the developed model forms, it is seen that the model structure in the exponential form has the best performance in all three models with being more successful than the Webster Model. Another success of the developed models is that it can manage the traffic in both saturated and supersaturated traffic situations. This thesis is also high lights that different optimization techniques are applied in the determination of the optimum cycle length. Moreover, it is considered that the local government or traffic agencies can benefit from results of this study in planning, decision making etc