Volatility in Istanbul Stock Exchange

Author's OriginalSince economic agents make the decisions based on the perceived distribution of the random variables in the future, assessment and measurement of the variance has a significant impact on their course of action. Therefore, market participants’ ability to accurately measure and predict the stock market volatility has wide spread implications. This capability has a particular importance in an environment, where the perception of high levels of volatility has the potential to erode the investor confidence and divert the capital inflows from equity markets. This is a particular concern for the emerging equity markets that lack the advanced institutional and informational infrastructures and which are very vulnerable to domestic and foreign capital flows. The purpose of this study is to determine the time-varying characteristics of volatility in an emerging stock market by utilizing rich family of ARCH models. The primary focus of the study is to explore the nature of volatility in the ISE.Aybar, C. B. & Yvan, Z. A. (1998). Volatility in Istanbul Stock Exchange. ISE Review, 6(2)

Evaluation of condylar structures on panoramic radiographs in adolescent patients with coeliac disease

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is a common disorder that usually originates from calcium malabsorption. Thus, it is accepted that patients with CD have lo- wer bone mineral density than that of healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to assess condylar height, width, area, and perimeter on digital panoramic radiographs in patients with CD.  Materials and methods: Panoramic radiographs obtained from 44 patients with CD were age- and sex-matched with 44 Class 1 (ANB: 2 ± 2°) patients, and out- comes were analysed. Radiographs were digitised using Image J software, and condylar height, width, area, and perimeter were compared.  Results: Condylar area (3.66 ± 1.02 cm2), perimeter (9.29 ± 1.38 cm), and height (2.69 ± 0.46 cm) values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control group than those in the patient group (area: 2.52 ± 0.63 cm2, perimeter: 8.47 ± 1.42 cm, height: 2.51 ± 0.37 cm), whereas width (coeliac: 2.83 ± 0.63 cm, control: 3.00 ± 0.59 cm) did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05).  Conclusions: These outcomes may be due to the low bone density of patients with CD. A controlled trial conducted using a larger sample is needed to support and extend these data.

Uluslararası göç hareketleri ile doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği

ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ HAREKETLERİ İLE DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ Sercan YAVAN Doktora Tezi, Maliye Anabilim Dalı Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Hakan HOTUNLUOĞLU 2019, XXIV + 181 sayfa Sınır ötesi insan göçünün artması, iş dünyasında çalışan yabancı işçi sayısında ve ülkelerin yabancı nüfusunda önemli bir artışa neden olmuştur. Yeni dönemde göç ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım (DYY) akışları arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen ve hızla genişleyen bir literatür bulunmaktadır. Hızla genişleyen literatür göçün doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar üzerinde pozitif etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Göçmen ağlarının varlığı, uluslararası sınırlar boyunca bilgi akışını teşvik ederek ve göçmenler ile ev sahibi ülkeler arasında uyum sağlama mekanizması olarak DYY’leri etkilemektedir. Göçmen ağların uluslararası ticaret için önemini gösteren çok sayıda çalışma varken, göçmen ağlarının DYY üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesine çok daha az dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, göç-DYY ilişkisi Türkiye açısından değerlendirilerek ayrıntılı olarak analiz edilmiştir.Bu çalışmanın amacı göçmen ağları teorisinin Türkiye’nin iç ve dış DYY’leri üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Bu çalışmada farklı modeller oluşturularak uluslararası göç ve DYY ilişkisi kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye’deki göçmenler ile yurtdışında yaşayan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşı göçmenlerin, Türkiye’ye gelen DYY ve Türkiye’den diğer ülkelere giden DYY üzerindeki etkisi ampirik olarak incelenmiştir. Ampirik analiz uygulamasında yer çekimi modellemesiyle çeşitli regresyon denklemleri oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan modeller panel veri yöntemiyle tahmin edilmiştir. Modellerden elde edilen sonuçlar, göçmen ağları teorisinin içe ve dışa doğru DYY’yi arttırıcı etkisinin Türkiye için geçerli olduğunu göstermiştir.İÇİNDEKİLER KABUL VE ONAY SAYFASI..............................................................................................iii BİLİMSEL ETİK VE BİLDİRİM SAYFASI..........................................................................v ÖZET .....................................................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................................ix ÖNSÖZ...................................................................................................................................xi ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ .............................................................................................................xvii TABLOLAR DİZİNİ............................................................................................................xix GRAFİKLER DİZİNİ...........................................................................................................xxi KISALTMALAR VE SİMGELER DİZİNİ.......................................................................xxiii GİRİŞ.......................................................................................................................................1 1. BÖLÜM ..............................................................................................................................5 1. ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ TARİHİ VE TEORİLERİ...........................................................5 1.1. Göç Kavramı.................................................................................................................5 1.1.1. Göçü Teşvik Eden Faktörler...................................................................................7 1.2. Uluslararası Göç Tarihi...............................................................................................11 1.3. Uluslararası Göç Politikaları ve Bu Politikaların Geleceği ........................................20 1.4. Uluslararası Göç Teorileri...........................................................................................24 1.4.1. Neoklasik İktisat ve İtme-Çekme Teorisi.............................................................26 1.4.2. Tarihsel Yapısalcı Teori ve Asimetrik Büyüme...................................................27 1.4.3. Geçiş Göç Teorisi.................................................................................................28 1.4.3.1. Hareketlilik geçiş teorisi (demografik geçiş teorisi)......................................29 1.4.3.2. Göç kamburluğu teorisi .................................................................................31 1.4.4. Ulusaşırı Göç Teori ..............................................................................................31 1.4.5. Göç Sistemleri Teorisi: Göç Sistemi ve Göçmen Ağları .....................................32 1.4.6. Revize Edilmiş Tiebout Teorisi: Uluslararası Göç ve Ayakla Oylama................33 1.5. Uluslararası Göçün Kamu Maliyesi Üzerine Etkisi....................................................36xiv 1.6. Türkiye’nin Uluslararası Göç Durumu .......................................................................42 1.6.1. Türkiye’ye Yapılan Göçler...................................................................................42 1.6.2. Türkiye’den Yapılan Göçler.................................................................................47 2. BÖLÜM ............................................................................................................................51 2. DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIM TARİHİ VE TEORİLERİ.....................................51 2.1. Yabancı Yatırım Kavramı...........................................................................................51 2.2. DYY Kavramı ve Özellikleri ......................................................................................53 2.2.1. Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım – Portföy Yatırım Farkı ...........................................56 2.2.2. Dünya’da Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımın Tarihsel Gelişimi .................................58 2.2.3. DYY’nin Dünyadaki Coğrafi Yoğunluğu ............................................................63 2.2.4. Dünyadaki Güncel Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Trendi .......................................71 2.3. Uluslararası Ticaretin Politik Ekonomisinin Kökenleri ve DYY ...............................78 2.4. Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Teorileri: Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımın Belirleyicileri..83 2.4.1. Tam Rekabet Koşullarındaki Kuramları ..............................................................84 2.4.1.1. Getiri oranlarındaki farklılık teorisi...............................................................85 2.4.1.2. Portföy çeşitlendirme teorisi..........................................................................85 2.4.1.3. Pazar büyüklüğü teorisi .................................................................................86 2.4.2. Eksik Rekabet Koşullarındaki Kuramları.............................................................86 2.4.2.1. Endüstriyel organizasyon teorisi....................................................................87 2.4.2.2. Konum teorisi ................................................................................................88 2.4.2.3. İçselleştirme teorisi........................................................................................89 2.4.2.4. Oligopolistik teorisi .......................................................................................90 2.4.2.5. Derleme teorisi (eklektik teorisi)...................................................................91 2.4.2.6. Ürün yaşam döngüsü teorisi ..........................................................................93 2.5. Türkiye’de DYY’nin Tarihsel Gelişimi......................................................................94 2.5.1. Türkiye’nin DYY Tarihi ......................................................................................94 2.5.2. 2000’den Günümüze Türkiye’deki DYY Trendi ...............................................108xv 3. BÖLÜM ..........................................................................................................................116 3. GÖÇ, TİCARET VE DYY İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ..........................................116 3.1. Göç-Ticaret İlişkisi: Literatür Taraması ...................................................................116 3.2. Göç-DYY İlişkisi: Literatür Taraması ......................................................................118 3.3. Uluslararası Göç ve Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği ...............123 3.3.1. Çalışmanın Yöntemi ve Model Kurma ..............................................................124 3.3.2. En Küçük Kareler Tahmincisi............................................................................131 3.3.3. Panel Veri Analizi ..............................................................................................132 3.3.4. Veri Seti..............................................................................................................135 3.3.5. Panel Veri Modellerinin Tahminci Seçimi.........................................................139 3.3.5.1. F testi uygulanması......................................................................................141 3.3.5.2. Hausman testi uygulanması .........................................................................142 3.3.6. Panel Veri Modellerinde Temel Varsayımların Testleri ....................................143 3.3.6.1. Değişen varyans (heteroskedasite) sınaması ...............................................144 3.3.6.2. Otokorelasyon sınaması...............................................................................146 3.3.6.3. İçsellik sınaması...........................................................................................150 3.3.7. Regresyon Sonuçları...........................................................................................152 4. TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ ..............................................................................................157 5. KAYNAKLAR ...............................................................................................................163 ÖZGEÇMİŞ .......................................................................................................................18

Psikolojik Sermayenin Boyutları: Türkiye Taş Kömürü Kurumunda Bir Vaka Çalışması

DergiPark: 560300trakyasobedIn today's businessworld, managers have a growing awareness that psychological capital is the mostimportant type of capital that brings productivity, reproductivity and profitabilityto their organizations. The dimensions of psychological capital, includingself-efficacy, optimism, hope and psychological resilience, are the factorsthat bring success to organizations. The aim of this study is to determine psychologicalcapital dimensions of the underground miners employed by the Turkish Hard CoalEnterprise (TCMC) - Kozlu Establishment (Türkiye Taş Kömürü Kurumu (TTK) –Kozlu Müessesesi). In order to determine the psychological capital dimensionsof the miners, a questionnaire was applied to 344 underground miners. Analyzeswere made by using SPSS 22 and AMOS 24 package programs. Exploratory factoranalysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine thepsychological capital dimensions of miners. According to the results ofanalyze, the psychological capital factors of the miners appear as hope andself-efficacy.Yöneticiler günümüz iş dünyasında örgütlerine verimlilik, üretkenlik ve karlılıkgetiren en önemli sermaye türünün psikolojik sermayeolduğu konusunda artan bir farkındalığasahiptir. Öz-yeterlilik, iyimserlik, umut ve psikolojik dayanıklılık dâhil olmaküzere psikolojik sermayenin boyutları, kuruluşlara başarı getiren faktörlerdir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu (TTK) - Kozlu Müessesesi’nin(Turkish Hard Coal Enterprise (TCMC) - Kozlu Establishment) istihdamettiği yeraltımadencilerinin psikolojik sermaye boyutlarını belirlemektir. Madencilerin psikolojiksermaye boyutlarını belirlemek için 344 yeraltı madencisine anket uygulanmıştır.SPSS 22 paket ve AMOS 24 programları kullanılarak analizler yapılmıştır.Madencilerinpsikolojik sermaye boyutlarını belirlemek için keşfedici factor analizive doğrulayıcıfactor analizi kullanılmıştır.Yapılan analizler sonucunda madencilerin psikolojiksermayefaktörleri umut ve öz-yeterlilik olarak belirmiştir

First Clinical Appointment after the COVID-19 Lockdown: Reflections from Orthodontic Patients and Their Anxiety Levels

Objective: To evaluate the views and anxiety levels of orthodontic patients during the first clinical appointment after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown.Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire that was administered to patients aged over 14 years who resumed their scheduled orthodontic treatment at Adıyaman University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics during the normalization period after the COVID-19 lockdown. Anxiety levels of the participants were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).Results: The study included 241 participants, comprising 177 (73.4%) women and 64 (26.5%) men with a mean age of 17.73 ± 3.27 years. Anxiety levels were significantly higher in women (State-trait index-State anxiety [STAI-S]: 39.26 ± 9.81, State-trait index-Trait anxiety [STAI-T]: 43.53 ± 9.16) than in men (STAI-S: 34.32 ± 10.12, STAI-T: 38.5 ± 7.87) (P .05), while a positive correlation was found between age and trait anxiety (P = .041). Of all patients, 79.7% were positive about rescheduling their clinical appointment. Participants with higher anxiety levels indicated that they considered dental clinics as risky environments for the spread of COVID-19 infection (P < .01) and thus wanted to resume their treatment once the pandemic had ended (P < .05).Conclusion: The results indicate that patients receiving fixed orthodontic treatment were anxious in the clinic

Anxiety and fear about childbirth and postpartum period in last trimester and its relation to childbirth pain

Objective: This study aimed to determine the fear and anxiety related to childbirth and postpartum period in last trimester for pregnant women, and its relation to childbirth pain. Methods: This study was conducted in a training and research hospital’s obstetric clinic in Turkey. Totally, 104 pregnant women admitted to the hospital during the last trimester and they were followed up to delivery, which occurred in the same hospital. Data were gathered with an Information Form, Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Anxiety Scale (FCPAS), Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The mean FCPAS score of the women was 4.87±1.25. The highest scores were for the FCPAS subscales of fears about breastfeeding, behavior of the health staff at childbirth, and the possibility of Cesarean section. Labor pain had a significant positive weak relation with fear about childbirth and the total STAI-State score (r=0.281, p=0.041; r=0.327, p=0.017), respectively. Conclusion: It is important to determine the fear and anxieties about childbirth and postpartum period experienced during last trimester, in terms of planning prenatal education and counseling services, and supporting women to cope effectively

20-Year Change in the Perception of Orthodontic Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective:To compare the changes in the perception towards orthodontics between the first and second decades over the 20-year period based on a collaborative hypertext dictionary site.Methods:The orthodontics-related entries were searched on the EksiSozluk website (http://www.eksisozluk.com). The keyword was determined as “diş teli” (“brace”) and a total of 1,028 entries that were contributed between 2001 and 2021 were analyzed. Entries were divided into five general categories based on their content: definition, asking for advice, humor, advertising, and transfer of experience. The transfer of experience category was further divided into four subcategories: procedure, motivation, advice, and complaint. For each entry, the attitude of the contributor was also noted. Entries were compared between the two decades with regard to content and attitude towards orthodontics.Results:The average number of entries contributed per year was 13.40 ± 10.58 in the first decade and was 89.40 ± 44.67 in the second decade, the increase was statistically significant (P < .05). A significant difference was observed between the two decades in terms of content (P < .05). There was a proportional decrease in the definition and an increase in the transfer of experience. Moreover, the rate of entries containing a complaint decreased and motivation increased in the second decade (P < .05). On the other hand, there was also a significant change between the two decades with regard to the distribution of attitudes, whereby the rate of positive entries increased in the second decade (P < .05).Conclusion:The contributors’ attitudes towards orthodontics shifted from negative in the first decade to positive in the second decade

Human Capital and Productivity Growth: A Comperative Analysis of Turkey

This paper analyzes the role of human capital in productivity growth for a panel of around 50 countries from different levels of development, including Turkey. We particularly focus on the relevance of different quantitative measures of human capital in explaining productivity growth and a detailed examination of the case of the Turkish economy. The analysis covers the period 1981-2002 and the average years of education of the labor force and schooling rates for different education levels are proxy variables used for human capital. The initial year productivity level, physical investment, foreign direct investment, export intensity and the share of agricultural employment in total employment are other productivity growth explanatory variables considered in the study. Confirming the majority of other relevant studies, this study finds a positive contribution from human capital to productivity growth for the whole sample of countries considered. However, we find that this relation is not valid for the Turkish economy. Beside the quality dimension of human capital, the low level of human capital accumulation and lack of adequate environment conducive for both ordinary production and technological activities are regarded as possible explanations for this finding.Publisher's Versio

Karizmatik Liderlik ve Örgütsel Özdeşleşmenin İş tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi The Effect of Charismatic Leadership and Organizational Identification on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention

Bu çalışmada karizmatik liderlik ve örgütsel özdeşleşmenin iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyetine etkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri, bir kamu bankasının genel müdürlüğünde çalışan 195 kişiden elde edilmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon analizine göre karizmatik liderlik ile örgütsel özdeşleşme ve iş tatmini arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki, karizmatik liderlik ve örgütsel özdeşleşmenin de işten ayrılma niyetiyle negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonucunda karizmatik liderliğin ve örgütsel özdeşleşmenin, iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte araştırma bulguları karizmatik liderliğin iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel özdeşleşmenin kısmı aracılık etkisinin olduğu göstermektedir. In this study, it is aimed to show the effect of charismatic leadership and organizational identification on job satisfaction and turnover intention. The research data was obtained from 195 people working in the general directorate of a public bank. According to the correlation analysis, there is a significant positive correlation between charismatic leadership and organizational identification and job satisfaction. On the other hand, charismatic leadership and organizational identification have a significant negative relationship with turnover intention. As a result of regression analysis, charismatic leadership and organizational identification have a meaningful effect on job satisfaction and turnover intention. However, research findings show that the effect of charismatic leadership is partly mediated by organizational identification in the effect on job satisfaction and turnover intention

Evaluation of Orthodontic Patients’ Anxiety Levels During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 1-Year Follow-Up

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiety levels of orthodontic patients during the 1-year period in the ongoing pandemic.Methods: The study included patients between the ages of 12 and 30 years and who were continuing their fixed orthodontic treatment at Adıyaman University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and filled out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A total of 266 patients filled out the questionnaire at their first clinical visit between June 8 and July 8, 2020 (T0) and 176 of 190 patients (response rate: 92.63%) that were still under treatment filled out the questionnaire for a second time between June 15 and July 16, 2021 (T1).Results: In the total population, there was a significant decrease in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-S score (P .05). Anxiety scores were significantly higher in women and individuals aged over 18 years at T0 (P < .05), whereas only the anxiety scores of individuals aged over 18 years were significantly higher in T1 than in individuals aged below 18 years (P < .05). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-S score showed a significant decrease at T1 compared to T0 for female patients (36.02 ± 11.32 vs. 38.82 ± 9.84) and patients aged under 18 years (34.26 ± 9.54 vs. 36.85 ± 9.26) (P < .05).Conclusion: The state anxiety levels of orthodontic patients decreased during the 1-year period of the pandemic, while there was no significant change in their trait anxiety levels