9 research outputs found
Шкала оценки сопутствующих заболеваний у ареактивных пациентов (CoCoS): лингвокультурная адаптация русскоязычной версии (сообщение)
Identification of complications and control of comorbidities are essential in monitoring the patients with chronic disorders of consciousness and predicting their outcomes. The researchers of the Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences of the University of L'Aquila (Italy) developed the Comorbidities Coma Scale (CoCoS) for a comprehensive assessment of such patients. Lack of an officially validated version of the scale hampers its use in Russia, while using versions which have not been completely validated prevents clinicians from obtaining reliable results when examining patients with chronic disorders of consciousness. Aim. To develop the official Russian language version of the Comorbidities Coma Scale, considering various linguistic and cultural parameters, as a part of the 1st stage of the validation study. Material and methods. The first stage of validation was completed: direct and reverse translation of the scale was performed by two independent medical translators. The translated version was assessed by an expert board including an expert translator, neurologists, and critical care specialists. Pilot test and two meetings of the expert board, before and after testing, were arranged to assess the results and approve the final Russian version of the scale. Results. During the first meeting of the expert board, corrections were made in the Russian language version of the scale in terms of language and cultural adaptation. Pilot testing was carried out based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The researchers had no difficulties in understanding and interpreting the instructions for the scale. The second meeting of the expert board was held thereupon, and the final version of the Russian language version of the scale was adopted, which is available on the website of the Center for Validation of Health Status Questionnaires and Scales of the Research Center of Neurology. Conclusion. The first stage of validation, i. e., linguistic and cultural adaptation, was carried out at the Research Center of Neurology (Moscow, Russia). For the first time, the Russian version of the scale for assessing comorbidities in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness was presented and approved for the practical use. The future publications will address the psychometric results of the scale such as sensitivity, validity, reliability. Выявление осложнений и контроль над течением сопутствующих заболеваний является важнейшим этапом в отслеживании динамики и прогнозе исходов у пациентов с хроническими нарушениями сознания. Для проведения оценки состояния у данной категории пациентов сотрудниками департамента биотехнологических и прикладных клинических наук университета L'Aquila (Италия) была разработана шкала — Comorbidities Coma Scale (CoCoS). Отсутствие официально валидированной версии данной шкалы затрудняет ее применение в России, а использование версий, не прошедших все необходимые этапы валидации, препятствует получению достоверных результатов при обследовании пациентов с хроническими нарушениями сознания. Цель. Разработка официальной русскоязычной версии Шкалы оценки сопутствующих заболеваний у ареактивных пациентов с учетом языковых и культурных особенностей ее пользователей в рамках проведения 1-го этапа валидационного исследования. Материал и методы. Письменное разрешение на адаптацию шкалы CoCoS было получено сотрудниками группы валидации международных шкал и опросников Научного центра неврологии (ФГБНУ НЦН, г. Москва, Россия) у разработчика оригинальной версии Francesca Pistoia. Провели первый этап валидации: выполнен прямой и обратный перевод шкалы двумя независимыми медицинскими переводчиками. Произведена оценка разработанной версии экспертной комиссией с участием переводчика-эксперта, неврологов и анестезиологов-реаниматологов. Провели пилотное тестирование на 15 пациентах с диагнозом хронического нарушения сознания и два заседания экспертной комиссии до и после тестирования для оценки результатов и утверждения окончательной русскоязычной версии шкалы. Результаты. В ходе первого заседания экспертной комиссии внесли поправки в русскоязычную версию шкалы в рамках языковой и культурной адаптации: были изменены единицы измерения лабораторных показателей с мг/дл на ммоль/л в 7-м и 14-м пунктах (оценка гликемии и концентрации креатинина, соответственно). Изменен термин «надаортальные сосуды» на «брахиоцефальные артерии» в 10-м пункте, сопоставлены предложенные варианты повреждения мягких тканей со стадиями развития пролежней согласно NPUAP — EPUAP [18] в 21-м пункте, добавлен параметр индекс массы тела (ИМТ) для оценки выраженности недостаточности питания. В ходе пилотного тестирования с учетом критериев включения и исключения сложностей при понимании и интерпретации инструкций шкалы у исследователей не возникло. По итогам состоялось второе заседание экспертной комиссии, на котором приняли окончательный вариант русскоязычной версии шкалы. Он доступен для ознакомления на сайте группы валидациимеждународных шкал и опросников ФГБНУ НЦН https://www.neurology.ru/reabilitaciya/centr-validacii-mezhdunarodnyh-shkal-i-oprosnikov, а также по QR-коду. Заключение. На базе ФГБНУ НЦН выполнили первый этап валидации — лингвокультурную адаптацию. Впервые представили и рекомендовали к использованию русскоязычную версию Шкалы оценки сопутствующих заболеваний у ареактивных пациентов. В последующих публикациях будут представлены результаты оценки психометрических свойств (чувствительность, валидность, надежность) русскоязычной версии данной шкалы
Comorbidities Coma Scale (CoCoS): Linguistic and Cultural Adaptation of the Russian-Language Version
Identification of complications and control of comorbidities are essential in monitoring the patients with chronic disorders of consciousness and predicting their outcomes. The researchers of the Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences of the University of L'Aquila (Italy) developed the Comorbidities Coma Scale (CoCoS) for a comprehensive assessment of such patients. Lack of an officially validated version of the scale hampers its use in Russia, while using versions which have not been completely validated prevents clinicians from obtaining reliable results when examining patients with chronic disorders of consciousness. Aim. To develop the official Russian language version of the Comorbidities Coma Scale, considering various linguistic and cultural parameters, as a part of the 1st stage of the validation study. Material and methods. The first stage of validation was completed: direct and reverse translation of the scale was performed by two independent medical translators. The translated version was assessed by an expert board including an expert translator, neurologists, and critical care specialists. Pilot test and two meetings of the expert board, before and after testing, were arranged to assess the results and approve the final Russian version of the scale. Results. During the first meeting of the expert board, corrections were made in the Russian language version of the scale in terms of language and cultural adaptation. Pilot testing was carried out based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The researchers had no difficulties in understanding and interpreting the instructions for the scale. The second meeting of the expert board was held thereupon, and the final version of the Russian language version of the scale was adopted, which is available on the website of the Center for Validation of Health Status Questionnaires and Scales of the Research Center of Neurology. Conclusion. The first stage of validation, i. e., linguistic and cultural adaptation, was carried out at the Research Center of Neurology (Moscow, Russia). For the first time, the Russian version of the scale for assessing comorbidities in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness was presented and approved for the practical use. The future publications will address the psychometric results of the scale such as sensitivity, validity, reliability
МОДЕЛЬ ТЯГОВОГО АСИНХРОННОГО ЕЛЕКТРОПРИВОДА В РЕЖИМІ ЕЛЕКТРОДИНАМІЧНОГО ГАЛЬМУВАННЯ ЗІ СКАЛЯРНИМ ЗАКОНОМ КЕРУВАННЯ
This article is devoted to the problem of traction asynchronous electric drive operation in normal and abnormal conditions in the mode of electrodynamic braking. The proposed simulation model allows us to study the dynamical processes that arise in a traction asynchronous electric drive while driving on sections with different coupling coefficient of wheel pairs with a rail. The simulation model is rather versatile, which allows us to analyze in detail the electromagnetic and electromechanical processes occurring in a frequency controlled driven asynchronous electric drive taking into account changing conditions of rolling stock operation in electrodynamic braking, to evaluate the energy and operational parameters, to investigate the influence of parameters of the frequency converter, traction engine, parameters links of direct current to the nature of the transition processes, using modern methods of mathematics some simulation. As an example, the results of the simulation of a traction asynchronous electric motor with a scalar control law in the mode of electrodynamic braking with stabilization of the voltage in the DC link and the control of the braking effort, depending on the coupling coefficient of the wheel coupling with the rail, are given. The proposed system of protection against excessive slipping and skid wheel pairs can prevent the occurrence of abnormal operating mode of the traction asynchronous electric drive in the mode of traction and electrodynamic braking with a sharp change in the coupling coefficient of the wheel coupling with a rail, to identify the restoration of a satisfactory coupling coefficient and to analyze the need for adjusting the traction and braking torque of the traction asynchronous electric motor depending on the condition of the surface of the rails.Данная статья посвящена проблеме работы тягового асинхронного электропривода в штатных и аномальных условиях в режиме электродинамического торможения. Предложенная имитационная модель позволяет проводить исследования динамических процессов, возникающих в тяговом асинхронном электроприводе при движении на участках с разным коэффициентом сцепления колесных пар с рельсом, а также с учетом основного и дополнительного сопротивлений движения.Дана стаття присвячена проблемі роботи тягового асинхронного електропривода (ТАЕП) у штатних та аномальних умовах у режимі електродинамічного гальмування. Запропонована імітаційна модель дозволяє проводити дослідження динамічних процесів, які виникають у тяговому асинхронному електроприводі при русі на ділянках з різним коефіцієнтом зчеплення колісних пар з рейкою з урахуванням основного та додаткового опорів руху
РОЗРОБКА ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЗБОРУ, ОБЛІКУ, ОБРОБКИ ТА АНАЛІЗУ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ТЕХНІЧНОЇ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ЕЛЕКТРОПОТЯГІВ
A system of the account, processing and analysis of parameters of operation and serviceability of rolling stock, which is currently under development, is presented in the article.Представлена разрабатываемая система учета, обработки и анализа показателей технической эксплуатации и надежности подвижного состава.Наведена розроблювальна система обліку, обробки й аналізу показників технічної експлуатації й надійності рухомого складу
РОЗРОБКА ІДЕНТИФІЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЗБОРУ, ОБЛІКУ, ОБРОБКИ ТА АНАЛІЗУ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ТЕХНІЧНОЇ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ЕЛЕКТРОПОТЯГІВ
The developed system of the account, processing and the analysis of parameters of operational exploitation and serviceability of a rolling stock are presented in the article.В статье представлена разрабатываемая система учета, обработки и анализа показателей технической эксплуатации и надежности подвижного состава.У статті наведена система обліку, обробки й аналізу показників технічної експлуатації і надійності рухомого складу
Devising a Procedure to Choose Optimal Parameters for the Electromechanical Shock Absorber for a Subway Car
A procedure for determining basic estimation parameters has been devised for the proposed structure of the electromechanical shock absorber. The procedure is based on a simplified mathematical model for determining the electromagnetic and electromotive force for the electromechanical shock absorber. Feature of the model is taking into consideration the operational modes of permanent magnet based on the calculation of a magnetic circle. The model devised makes it possible to perform approximate calculation of the shock absorber operational modes and could be used for solving the problem on the optimization of parameters for an electric shock absorber. We have verified adequacy of the constructed simplified mathematical model by comparing the results from calculating the mechanical characteristic for a shock absorber based on the simplified procedure and those obtained using a finite element method in the axial-symmetrical statement of the problem. There is a good match between the results from calculations based on the simplified procedure and from modeling a magnetic field using the method of finite elements. We have determined the geometric relationships between the elements of the structure that ensure the optimal uniform magnetic load on the elements of the magnetic circuit. The problem on the conditional two-criteria optimization of parameters for the electromechanical shock absorber has been stated. We have chosen constraints that are divided into the three following categories. Constraints for a permanent magnet demagnetization that make it possible to maintain operability of the permanent magnet. Constraints for a current density, which ensures the thermal modes in the shock absorber operation. Constraints for assembly and constraints for the parameters of an optimization problem, which enable the arrangement of a structure within the running part of a carriage. It has been proposed to choose the reduced volume of a shock absorber as a criterion, which predetermines the cost of constructing a shock absorber, and its efficiency as a criterion, which predetermines the recuperated energy of oscillations. The parameters were convoluted to a single objective cost function; the weights were defined. We have chosen, as an optimization method, the combined method that includes a genetic algorithm at the preliminary stage of the search. At the final stage of an optimization procedure an optimum is refined by using the Nelder-Mead method. The result from solving the optimization problem on the shock absorber's parameters is the defined optimal geometric dimensions and the number of turns in the winding of the electromechanical shock absorber
The performance of cross-border units in China: a test of natural selection, strategic choice and contingency theories
This study tests the explanatory power of three theoretical frameworks for the performance of cross-border affiliates, by examining the experience of 615 Hong Kong firms managing operations in mainland China. The frameworks tested are: the natural selection approach, focused on the influence of the environment; the strategic choice approach, focused on managerial action; and the contingency approach, which emphasises the ‘fit’ between environmental contingencies and internal organisation. The results show that natural selection and strategic choice have a role to play, even when controlling for each other. They also support a simple approach to contingency, but not a more complex version involving interactions. Although the business and institutional environments do have a significant influence on the performance of cross-border affiliates in a transition economy, performance can be improved through strategic managerial action. In particular, leveraging local resources by developing trust between parent and affiliate, and maintaining close control and integration with the parent, are associated with enhanced performance. Journal of International Business Studies (2003) 34, 242–254. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400033