A Comparison of Placental Tissue in the Skinks Eulamprus tympanum and E. Quoyii

The species Eulamprus tympanum and Eulamprus quoyii are viviparous skinks that are said to have a Type I placenta. This research compared histological characteristics of the oviduct during pregnancy in E. tympanum and E. quoyii and assessed whether structural features are consistent with a Type I placentation. A similarity was seen in both of these species and was not consistent with a Type I placenta. Extreme folding of the uterine tissue was observed in the early stages. An increase in glands around the later stages was observed while there was no change in blood vessel density over the course of pregnancy. Our research suggests that these species may not have a simple, Type I placenta

Reflections on social media participation in young people and parents during the COVID-19 global pandemic: towards an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to use that support wellbeing

Aims: This study aimed to (1) explore perspectives of young people and parents on social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) better understand how young people can use social media in ways that support wellbeing. Methods: Nine parents and eight young people participated in semi-structured interviews remotely via video in July 2020. Thematic analysis was performed on the data. Results: Four main themes were derived: (1) impact of the pandemic on social media use, (2) role of social media in young people’s lives, (3) challenges of social media, and (4) supporting young people to use social media in ways that promote wellbeing. Fourteen sub-themes were identified. Conclusions: Social media use increased within families during the pandemic, and was perceived as crucial for maintaining social connections. Benefits of social media were acknowledged. However, fear of missing out, exclusion, and comparisons were identified as challenges to wellbeing. School support was thought by young people to lack relevance. Barriers to parental support included lack of knowledge and experience, and young people favoured peer support. Findings implicate peer- based models to promote social media use that supports wellbeing, led by young people and in line with rights-based perspectives on digital technology use

What\u27s in a Name? A Gen Xer and Gen Yer Explore What it Means to be Members of Their Generations in the Workplace

In the NextGen Librarian\u27s Survival Guide by Rachel Singer Gordon, the author cites several reasons this time is different than times before in librarianship. Those that are most relevant to law librarianship include: • Flattening workplace hierarchies and participative management increase the input of newer librarians in workplace decision making • New technologies require changing skills that affect attitudes toward the integration of those technologies into our daily work • Outside pressures, such as the prevalence of the Internet, impose a need for librarians to continually prove our relevance and improve relations with younger patrons • The much talked about graying of the profession makes retention of younger staff more significant • Generational expectations about topics, such as the work-life balance and time spent with a single employer, have changed Whether there is actually something different about this generational change is often written about and, of course, if it\u27s written, then it must be true, right? But could it be that this phenomenon is just as uncertain and difficult to prove as the existence of Sasquatch, the Loch Ness Monster, or the graying of law librarianship? Is it age, the date of one\u27s birth, increased life choices, or the expectations and perceptions of others that predict our work attitudes, managerial potential, and career success or failure? As two newer law librarians-a Gen Xer and a Millennial-stand facing our careers, preconceived notions about our generations staring us head on, we have to wonder: How can we work from the stereotype

Michel electron reconstruction using cosmic-ray data from the MicroBooNE LArTPC

The MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) has been taking data at Fermilab since 2015 collecting, in addition to neutrino beam, cosmic-ray muons. Results are presented on the reconstruction of Michel electrons produced by the decay at rest of cosmic-ray muons. Michel electrons are abundantly produced in the TPC, and given their well known energy spectrum can be used to study MicroBooNE's detector response to low-energy electrons (electrons with energies up to ∼ 50 MeV). We describe the fully-automated algorithm developed to reconstruct Michel electrons, with which a sample of ∼ 14,000 Michel electron candidates is obtained. Most of this article is dedicated to studying the impact of radiative photons produced by Michel electrons on the accuracy and resolution of their energy measurement. In this energy range, ionization and bremsstrahlung photon production contribute similarly to electron energy loss in argon, leading to a complex electron topology in the TPC. By profiling the performance of the reconstruction algorithm on simulation we show that the ability to identify and include energy deposited by radiative photons leads to a significant improvement in the energy measurement of low-energy electrons. The fractional energy resolution we measure improves from over 30% to ∼ 20% when we attempt to include radiative photons in the reconstruction. These studies are relevant to a large number of analyses which aim to study neutrinos by measuring electrons produced by ν e interactions over a broad energy range. Keywords: Michel electrons, LArTPC, MicroBooN

Audiologic Improvement Following MCF Approach for Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks

Objective: To determine the audiologic improvement after middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach to repair spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Twenty-four consecutive patients (27 ears) with temporal bone sCSF leak over a 4-year period. Patient age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), location of CSF leak, recurrence of CSF leak, and presence of encephalocele(s) were recorded. Intervention: Audiometric testing in patients undergoing MCF repair of temporal bone sCSF leak. Main Outcome Measures: Comparison of preoperative and postoperative pure-tone average (PTA), air-bone gap (ABG), and word recognition score (WRS) in the sCSF leak ear. Results: Out of 27 ears, 55% had multiple tegmen defects and 82% had more than or equal to 1 encephaloceles. There were no recurrent CSF leaks at a median follow up of 4 months. The mean (SD) preoperative PTA and ABG were 40.58 [15.67] and 16.44 [6.93] dB, respectively. There was significant improvement in mean PTA (10.28 [8.01] dB; p < 0.001; Cohen d = 0.95) and ABG (9.31 [7.16] dB; p < 0.001; Cohen d = 0.88) after sCSF repair. Mean WRS improved (by 3.07 [6.11] %; p = 0.024; Cohen d = 0.46) from a mean preoperative WRS of 93.16 [9.34]% to a mean postoperative WRS of 96.26 [6.49]%. Conclusions: MCF approach for repair of sCSF leaks yields significant improvement in conductive hearing loss and is highly effective in management of the entire lateral skull base where multiple bony defects are often identified

Involvement of People With Dementia in the Development of Technology-Based Interventions: Narrative Synthesis Review and Best Practice Guidelines

Background: Technology can be helpful in supporting people with dementia in their daily lives. However, people with dementia are often not fully involved in the development process of new technology. This lack of involvement of people with dementia in developing technology-based interventions can lead to the implementation of faulty and less suitable technology.Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate current approaches and create best practice guidelines for involving people with dementia in developing technology-based interventions.Methods: A systematic search was conducted in January 2019 in the following databases: EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database), PsycINFO, MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and Web of Science. The search strategy included search terms in 3 categories: dementia, technology, and involvement in development. Narrative synthesis wove the evidence together in a structured approach.Results: A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies involved people with dementia in a single phase, such as development (n=10), feasibility and piloting (n=7), or evaluation (n=1). Only 3 studies described involvement in multiple phases. Frequently used methods for assessing involvement included focus groups, interviews, observations, and user tests.Conclusions: Most studies concluded that it was both necessary and feasible to involve people with dementia, which can be optimized by having the right prerequisites in place, ensuring that technology meets standards of reliability and stability, and providing a positive research experience for participants. Best practice guidelines for the involvement of people with dementia in developing technology-based interventions are described

Disaggregating diabetes

Interest in disaggregating diabetes into numerous subtypes is growing as patients and providers recognize the limitations of standard diabetes typologies. As anthropologists, we draw attention to how ‘subtyping’ may reduce stigma derived from the connection between obesity and ‘type 2 diabetes’. We highlight the complexities that drive diabetes and argue that an exclusive or dominant focus on diet and obesity obfuscates other underlying risks. Yet, we warn that subtyping may promote unnecessary pharmaceuticalization, especially for other subtypes of diabetes that may be associated with stress and inflammation. We call upon providers to continue to closely attend to patients’ lived experiences. While we recognize the shortcomings of the existing classificatory scheme, patients’ outcomes and prognoses are often more closely connected to the social and medical support they receive than to the underlying metabolic classification

Association of after school sedentary behaviour in adolescence with mental wellbeing in adulthood

Sedentary behaviour is associated with poorer mental health in adolescence but no studies have followed participants into mid-life. We investigated the association between after-school sedentary behaviours (screen time and homework) in adolescence with mental wellbeing in adulthood when participants were aged 42.Participants (n=2038, 59.2% female) were drawn from The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). At age 16 respondents were asked separate questions about how long they spent in three types of screen based activities (TV, video films, computer games) and homework 'after school yesterday'. Mental well-being and psychological distress were assessed at the age 42 sweep in 2012 using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) and Malaise Inventory, respectively.After adjustment for all covariates, participants reporting more than 3hrs of after school screen time as an adolescent had -1.74 (95% CI, -2.65, -0.83) points on the WEMWBS compared with adults reporting less than 1 hr screen time as an adolescent. Participants that reported high screen time both at age 16 (≥3hrs/d) and age 42 (≥3hrs/d TV viewing) demonstrated even lower scores (-2.91; -4.12, -1.69). Homework was unrelated to wellbeing after adjustment for covariates. The longitudinal association between adolescent screen time and adult psychological distress was attenuated to the null after adjustment for covariates.Screen time in adolescence was inversely associated with mental wellbeing in adulthood