6 research outputs found
An alkali catalyzed trans-esterification of rice bran, cottonseed and waste cooking oil
In this research work, biodiesel production by trans-esterification of three
raw materials including virgin and used edible oil and non edible oil has
been presented. A two step method following acidic and alkali catalyst was
used for non edible oil due to the unsuitability of using the straight
alkaline-catalyzed trans-esterification of high FFA present in rice bran
oil. The acid value after processing for rice bran, cottonseed and waste
cooking oil was found to be 0.95, 0.12 and 0.87 respectively. The influence
of three variables on percentage yield i.e., methanol to oil molar ratio,
reaction temperature and reaction time were studied at this stage.
Cottonseed oil, waste cooking oil and rice bran oil showed a maximum yield
of 91.7%, 84.1% and 87.1% under optimum conditions. Fuel properties of the
three biodiesel satisfied standard biodiesel fuel results
Stroke in the adult Qatari population (Q-stroke) a hospital-based retrospective cohort study.
BackgroundStudies assessing the burden of stroke in Qataris are limited. We aim to study stroke in the Qatari population.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of all Qatari adults presenting with stroke to Hamad Medical Corporation over a 5-year period. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and all other clinical characteristics of the patients. The primary outcome was the incidence of stroke in the Qatari patients. Comparison was made between the sexes.Results862 patients were included, with 58.9% being male. The average incidence of stroke over the 5-year period was 92.04 per 100,000 adult Qatari population. The mean age of the cohort was 64.3±14.4 years, (range 19-105 years). The mean age of first ever cerebrovascular event was 63.2±14.5 years. The diagnosis was ischemic stroke in (73.7%), transient ischemic attack in (13.8%), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in (11.6%), subarachnoid hemorrhage in (0.7%) and (0.2%) cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Small vessel disease was the most common cause of ischemic stroke accounting for (46.5%), followed by large artery atherosclerosis (24.5%). Hypertension (82.7%) and diabetes (71.6%) were particularly prevalent in this cohort. Females were older (65.8±14.1 vs 63.4±14.5 years), had more hypertension and diabetes and more disability or death at 90 days (pConclusionStroke occurs at a significantly lower age in Qataris compared to the western population. This study has uncovered sex differences that need to be studied further