On the optimality of route selection in grid wireless sensor networks: Theory and applications

© 2020, Innovative Information Science and Technology Research Group. All rights reserved. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provides the necessary infrastructure for the successful realiza-tion of emerging technological advancements such as smart places. Information, in WSN, is collected from the target locations using sensors, sensors can act as relay nodes for the successful delivery of the collected data to the base station. Energy is scarce in sensors, and usually, it cannot be renewed. To prolong the network overall lifetime, it is essential to prolong each sensors’ lifetime. Therefore, nodes placements and route selection are vital elements for WSNs, as it can significantly affect both the network performance and lifetime. Nodes in WSNs can be deployed in several ways: randomly or in an fixed manner. In this paper, we are concerned about the fixed deployment of sensors in a grid topology. In such topology, many possible routes exist between a source and a destination nodes. To reduce power consumption, it is important to find the optimal route. This paper sheds the light on the optimality of the route selection in 2x2 grid topology and presents some findings regarding this issue. The obtained optimal routes consider the power consumption factor. Some theoretical bounds were derived on the optimal number of relay nodes in a 2x2 grid. Finally, a preliminary heuristic approach is proposed, namely; Energy-Aware Routing (EAR), based on the findings obtained in this paper. The performance of the proposed heuristic is evaluated using simulation. Preliminary results show that the proposed scheme was able to prolong the network lifetime

Augmented Driver Behavior Models for High-Fidelity Simulation Study of Crash Detection Algorithms

Developing safety and efficiency applications for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) require a great deal of testing and evaluation. The need for the operation of these systems in critical and dangerous situations makes the burden of their evaluation very costly, possibly dangerous, and time-consuming. As an alternative, researchers attempt to study and evaluate their algorithms and designs using simulation platforms. Modeling the behavior of drivers or human operators in CAVs or other vehicles interacting with them is one of the main challenges of such simulations. While developing a perfect model for human behavior is a challenging task and an open problem, we present a significant augmentation of the current models used in simulators for driver behavior. In this paper, we present a simulation platform for a hybrid transportation system that includes both human-driven and automated vehicles. In addition, we decompose the human driving task and offer a modular approach to simulating a large-scale traffic scenario, allowing for a thorough investigation of automated and active safety systems. Such representation through Interconnected modules offers a human-interpretable system that can be tuned to represent different classes of drivers. Additionally, we analyze a large driving dataset to extract expressive parameters that would best describe different driving characteristics. Finally, we recreate a similarly dense traffic scenario within our simulator and conduct a thorough analysis of various human-specific and system-specific factors, studying their effect on traffic network performance and safety

Retinex theory for color image enhancement: A systematic review

A short but comprehensive review of Retinex has been presented in this paper. Retinex theory aims to explain human color perception. In addition, its derivation on modifying the reflectance components has introduced effective approaches for images contrast enhancement. In this review, the classical theory of Retinex has been covered. Moreover, advance and improved techniques of Retinex, proposed in the literature, have been addressed. Strength and weakness aspects of each technique are discussed and compared. An optimum parameter is needed to be determined to define the image degradation level. Such parameter determination would help in quantifying the amount of adjustment in the Retinex theory. Thus, a robust framework to modify the reflectance component of the Retinex theory can be developed to enhance the overall quality of color images

Efficient Transmission of H.264 Video over Multirate IEEE 802.11e WLANs

The H.264 video encoding technology, which has emerged as one of the most promising compression standards, offers many new delivery-aware features such as data partitioning. Efficient transmission of H.264 video over any communication medium requires a great deal of coordination between different communication network layers. This paper considers the increasingly popular and widespread 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and studies different schemes for the delivery of the baseline and extended profiles of H.264 video over such networks. While the baseline profile produces data similar to conventional video technologies, the extended profile offers a partitioning feature that divides video data into three sets with different levels of importance. This allows for the use of service differentiation provided in the WLAN. This paper examines the video transmission performance of the existing contention-based solutions for 802.11e, and compares it to our proposed scheduled access mechanism. It is demonstrated that the scheduled access scheme outperforms contention-based prioritized services of the 802.11e standard. For partitioned video, it is shown that the overhead of partitioning is too high, and better results are achieved if some partitions are aggregated. The effect of link adaptation and multirate operation of the physical layer (PHY) is also investigated in this paper

Assessment of Antenatal Care Services among Pregnant Women's in Al-Hilla City

Abstract:Background:The study examine the knowledge and utilization of antenatal care among the women of reproductive age group in Al-Hilla city. Perspectives of antenatal care services is particularly critical for enhancing effectiveness of services delivery and addressing pregnant women’s needs and antenatal care services.Objectives:To assess of antenatal care services in pregnant women's andidentify the relationship between level of antenatal care serviceswithdemographicdata and maternal health history characteristics.Methodology:Descriptive Study is carried out in Al-Hilla City/ primary health care centers, from December, 2nd 2014 to May, 10th, 2015. A non-probability (Purposive Sample) of (220) pregnant women's, those who visited primary health care centers. The data were collected through the utilization of the developed questionnaire after the validity and reliability are estimated, and by means of interview technique. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through a pilot study and the validity through (13) experts. The data analyzed through the use of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures.Results: The findings of the present study indicate that the overall assessment for pregnant women's compliance antenatal care is middle at 73.3%.Conclusions:Thestudyconcludeif that the factors (demographic data and maternal health history ) to effect antenatal care compliance

Decorative Articles Based On Polymeric Materials

The aim of the research is to create decorative articles based on polymeric materials, study the effects of fillers and the type of moulds that it can cope with the exothermic reaction nature of resin to create a scientific background on the usage of the resins in daily life products. The polymeric materials that will be concentrated on are the unsaturated polyester resins and epoxy resins. The unsaturated polyester is of many types and chemical constituents, the used experimentally is a general-purpose type and the epoxy also have different types and the used is a commercially 3D floor coating type. The resulted articles that were achieved in the research from unsaturated polyester resins are two tables with different dimensions, vase, candle, decorative articles and bricks. As for Epoxy, two different dimensions 3D tiles with artificial flower immersed within it

Influence of Oscillating Packing Instrument on Microhardness of Bulk-Fill Composite: In Vitro Study

AIM: This study aimed to assess Vickers microhardness of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill composite that was packed manually and using oscillating packing device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two different packing techniques were applied on Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill composite. For each packing technique, ten specimens (6 mm in diameter and 4 mm height) were prepared using a black-shaded Teflon mold. The resin was inserted in a bulk increment either packed manually or using Compothixo oscillating device and then light-cured for 40 s. Microhardness was analyzed at the top and the bottom surfaces. RESULTS: Overall, for both packing techniques, microhardness decreased significantly with the increase of depth. Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill composite when packed either manually or using oscillating device, did not show significant difference neither at the top surfaces of both applied techniques nor at the bottom surfaces of both applied techniques. CONCLUSION: Different packing techniques did not influence the microhardness of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill composite. &nbsp

Intelligent Controller for Monitoring Vehicles at the Roads

Many mobile applications use infrared (IR) and Ultrasonic sensors for distance measurements. In this paper, these two types of sensors have been used in building obstacle detection system and the attributes of each sensor has been tested, the system consists of transmitter and receiver circuit, furthermore, Arduino UNO card has been used for transmitting and receiving signal for each type of sensor based on the Arduino software. The test was performed through distributing these sensors on the road then analyze the reflected signal. Neural network trained and used for monitoring the street and producing the number of cars in each line of street and the total number of cars in the same street

Superheated Steam Temperature Control using Fuzzy Logic Controller

This paper describes the application of a modern model based controller utility   to control the steam superheat temperature. The steam superheat temperature control is critical to the efficient operation of utility boiler steam turbines. Traditional controllers may cause a significant time delay when used in this application. A fuzzy Logic controller are designed and well tuned to control the steam temperature of the boiler.The results obtained demonstrated the  Fuzzy logic controller surpassing over the conventional methods