Examination of perception dimension of engineering technology and ergonomics principles in terms of healthcare personnel: a scale development study

In general terms, ergonomics is the conformity of human and equipment. Unconformity between human and equipment is more likely to give harm either to the equipment or to human. This conformity may go for both daily domestic tasks and work life. Domestic furniture and equipment are designed by taking average features of individuals into consideration. For example; chairs, tables, beds and similar things are manufactured with the measurements which are accepted as standard all over the world. People spend most of their time at their homes and workplaces. Similarly, the ergonomics considered in the manufacture of domestic furniture takes an important place in working life, as well. This is highly significant in terms of both health of workers and efficiency of the work done. On the other hand, ergonomics possesses importance in terms of patients except from workers and work efficiency in health sector. Working in non-ergonomic settings may both endanger health of healthcare personnel and cause decrease in work efficiency as well as posing negative effects for recovery of the patients. From this point of view, ergonomics in health sector becomes more important in many aspects. In this study, it was aimed to develop a scale with regard to finding out perceptions of the healthcare personnel on engineering technologies and ergonomics principles

The effects of Covid-19 on physical medicine and rehabilitation in Turkey in the first month of pandemic

Objectives: The outbreak of novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has affected Turkey very seriously, as well as all around the world. Many urgent and radical measures were taken due to the high contagious risk and mortality rate of the outbreak. It is noteworthy that isolation recommendations and the provision of health services for pandemic have a negative impact on Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) services. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on the PMR services and physiatrists immediately after the first month of pandemic in Turkey. Patients and methods: An online survey consisting of 45 items was sent to the members of the Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The main goal of the survey was to evaluate the changes in the provided service of PMR and conditions of physiatrists one month after the first reported COVID-19 case in Turkey. Results: A total of 606 PMR specialists and residents responded to the survey. The mean number of the patients visited the outpatient clinics was 148.2 +/- 128.5 per week before the pandemic, it significantly decreased to 23.4 +/- 33.1 per week after the first month of the reported first COVID-19 case. Similarly, the mean number of the patients of inpatient service significantly decreased from 21.7 +/- 39.3 per week to 2.5 +/- 10.0 per week after the first month of the pandemic. Most of the residents (69%) reported that their training was seriously affected due to pandemic. From the economic aspect, 69.2% of the participants who were working at private hospitals reported a decrease in their monthly salary, and 21% of them were sent to an unpaid vacation. A total of 21.9% of private-practice institutions paused their services. During the first month, 46.9% of the participants were assigned to the different services such as COVID-19 inpatient service, emergency or COVID-19 outpatient clinics. According to the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health guideline and algorithm, 15.7% of the physicians were in the category of healthcare workers with suspected COVID-19. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic affected seriously both the services and the PMR physicians as early as the first month. This effect is expected to become worse, when the duration of pandemic prolongs. Proper arrangements and measures should be planned to ameliorate the negative effects of the pandemic on the patients and PMR physicians

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Comparing the effects of three different fluoride-releasing agents on white spot lesion prevention in patients treated with full coverage rapid maxillary expanders

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of three different fluoride-releasing agents on preventing white spot lesions that occur during treatment with full coverage rapid maxillary expanders.Materials and methodsA total of 48 patients with transverse maxillary deficiency were randomly assigned to four equal groups. A fluoride-containing agent was applied to teeth before cementation of the full coverage acrylic-bonded rapid maxillary expanders in the three experimental groups (gel, varnish, and sealent in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively), while the control group received no agent application. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) images of the patients were obtained before cementation and after decementation of the appliances. Four parameters (Delta F, Delta F-max, A, and Delta R) were evaluated on maxillary ten anterior teeth.ResultsIn the fluoride gel group, upper central and lateral incisors, right first and left second premolars showed significant decreases in fluorescence levels indicating demineralization. Right central and left lateral incisors showed significant white spot lesion formation in the fluoride varnish group. Right and left central incisors and left first premolar were the teeth that mineral loss was observed in the sealent group, while all of the teeth except canines and first premolars showed significant demineralization in the control group.ConclusionsMultifluorid varnish and Proseal sealant were effective on preventing demineralization and should be applied to teeth clinically before appliance cementation.Clinical relevanceDemineralization is a major problem during orthodontic treatment. The application of effective fluoride-releasing agents could prevent this major iatrogenic complication

ORTODONTİDE ÜÇ BOYUTLU GÖRÜNTÜLEME SİSTEMLERİ: LİTERATÜR DERLEMESİ

Üç boyutlu görüntüleme sistemleri son 20 yıldır ortodontide ve oral ve maksillofasiyal cerrahide popüler teşhis ve öngörü yöntemi olmaya başlamıştır. Bilgisayarlı Tomografi sistemleri üç boyutlu kesit görüntülerinin bilgi üretmek için kullanılabileceğini açıkça göstermiştir. 1980’lerin başlarında araştırmacılar üç boyutlu görüntülemeyi kraniofasiyal deformiteler için geliştirmeye başlamışlardır. Ortodontide üç boyutlu görüntülemenin çeşitli kullanım amaçları vardır. Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG), diğer bir üç boyutlu görüntüleme tekniğidir ve çalışma prensibi açısından farklıdır, avantajı dokuların iyonize edici ışınlara maruz kalmaması, görüntü için incelenmek istenen bölgeye radyo dalgaları gönderilmesi ve hidrojen atomlarının kullanılmasıdır. En son geliştirilen teknoloji ise 3dMD gibi üç boyutlu yüz tarama sistemleridir. Senkronize edilmiş görüntüler ile x,y ve z koordinat düzleminde 3 boyutlu olarak görüntü verirler. Yazılım aynı zamanda görüntü işleme, haritalama ve ölçümler için de kullanılmaktadır ve kusursuz 3 boyutlu görüntüler elde etmek için kamera sistemi ile kalibre edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak üç boyutlu görüntüleme sistemleri son teknolojilere paralel olarak gelişmektedir ve hem diş hekimliğinde hem de özel olarak ortodonti alanında popülerliğini uzun süre koruyacağı şimdiden öngörülmektedir

KÖK HÜCRELER VE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ: LİTERATÜR DERLEMESİ

Kök hücreler, hem rejeneratif tıp uygulamalarında hem de doku rejenerasyonunda kullanılan ve dental dokular da dahil olmak üzere çok çeşitli doku ve organlardan izole edilen prekürsör hücrelerdir. Hem doku mühendisliğinde hem de klinik uygulamalarda kullanılan kök hücreler, odontoblastlardan nöral hücrelere kadar birçok hücreye dönüşebilme yeteneğine sahiptir. Diş hekimliği alanında yetişkin mezenkimal kök hücreler çeşitli oral ve maksillofasiyal dokularda tanımlanmıştır; bu da oral dokuların kök hücrelerden zengin olduğunu ve mukozal hücrelerin indükte pluripotent kök hücreler gibi genetik olarak yeniden programlanmış hücreler için ideal kaynak olabileceğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca oral dokuların kök hücreler için yalnızca bir kaynak değil, aynı zamanda terapötik bir hedef olması da beklenmektedir. Bu derlemede, diş hekimliği alanındaki klinik kullanılabilirlik ve uygulamalar açısından çeşitli intra ve ekstraoral doku kökenli kök hücre tiplerine ve rejeneratif diş hekimliği için uygun kök hücrelere genel bir bakış açısı sunulmaktadır