Live Cell Imaging of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells on Nano-pitted and Polished Titanium Surfaces: A Micro-Incubator in vitro Approach

Current orthopedic implants are not conducive for optimal integration of the biomaterial with newly-formed tissue (osseointegration) inside a patient’s body. In this study, medical-rade Ti-6Al-4V was used as a substrate due to its biocompatibility and ability to facilitate cellular adhesion and proliferation. Live cell imaging was conducted on bone marrow stromal cells, genetically modified to express the green fluorescent protein (GFP), from the 24-96 hours growth period, with the first 24 hours of growth being held inside a lab-scale incubator. Periodic images were recorded on nanopitted anodized and polished Ti-6Al-4V substrates to study how substratestiffness influences adhesion and proliferation. Collected images were analyzed for mitosis, adhesion, and filopodia-stretchability using ImageJ, an image processing program. Images were enhanced in order to perform cell counts at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of growth. Continuous recordings were produced to account for the number of mitosis occurrences and cellular migration on each of the substrates. Based on the conducted experiments, it appears that polished Ti-6Al-4V has a higher cell adherence than “nanopitted” anodized surface and an improved rate of proliferation which may be because the cells once adhered on the nano-pitted surface have less ability to detach in-order to undergo mitosis.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2014/1004/thumbnail.jp

The Role of Apelin 13 in Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction. Apelin is an adipokine secreted by the adipose tissue and by the endothelial cells in various parts of the body. Apelin is also expressed by the glomerular arteriolar rectus and glomerular capillary cells. We evaluated the relationship between the initial serum levels of apelin 13 with the trend of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during a 1-year follow-up of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)

The cartonectin levels at different stages of chronic kidney disease and related factors

Introduction: Cartonectin was defined as a new adipokine released from rat and human adipocyte tissues, which is also known as CORS 26 or CTRP3 protein. Although there are several studies investigating the effects of cartonectin with obesity, anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and cardioprotective effects, there is no study about the effects of cartonectin in patients with chronic kidney disease yet. We aimed to investigate cartonectin levels in predialysis and dialysis patient groups, in other words, at different stages of chronic kidney disease, by comparing with the control group. In addition, we aimed to discuss the probable causes of the differences between the patient groups that would be determined, together with the factors that might be effective. Methods: A total of 150 patients, including 47 hemodialysis patients, 73 predialysis CKD patients, and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Serum cartonectin levels were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Findings: Serum cartonectin levels were found to be significantly higher in the hemodialysis patient group compared to predialysis group and healthy individuals (p < 0.01). Furthermore, serum cartonectin levels were found to be negatively correlated with GFR, BMI, glucose, LDL, and platelet levels, whereas a positive correlation was observed with creatinine levels. Discussion: In our study, we found that the cartonectin levels increased as GFR decreased and were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients. Cartonectin is structurally closely related to adiponectin. It is remarkable that the level of cartonectin is also high in hemodialysis patients, like adiponectin

The relationship between mean platelet volume and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio with inflammation and proteinuria in chronic kidney disease

Atherosclerosis, which develops as a result of inflammation, is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we investigated the relationship of mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with inflammation and proteinuria in patients with CKD Stage 3-4. Healthy individuals who applied to nephrology clinic for checkup purposes acted as controls. Fifty-three patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Patients with diabetes mellitus, active infection, malignancy, and coronary artery disease were excluded from the study. Biochemistry values and hemograms were recorded for all patients and for control group. NLR was calculated. The relationship between MPV/NLR and protein, fibrinogen, and proteinuria was evaluated. Our study showed a statistically significant difference between CKD group and healthy control (HC) group in uric acid, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and NLR values (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P = 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between CKD and HC groups for MPV (P = 0.307). Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between NLR and creatinine (P < 0.00, r = 0.571), uric acid (P < 0.00, r = 0.436), glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.00, r = 0.418), 24 h urine protein (P = 0.004, r = 0.311), and 24 h urine microalbumin (P = 0.001, r = 0.354). A statistically significant relationship was detected between MPV and platelet count (P < 0.001, r = 0.422), age (P = 0.004, r = 0.312), uric acid (P = 0.04, r = 0.226), and fibrinogen (P = 0.023, r = 0.249). Whereas, a statistically significant relationship was detected between NLR and microalbuminuria/proteinuria, there was no statistically significant relationship between MPV and microalbuminuria/proteinuria. Our study showed that the NLR is high in CKD group and is correlated with uric acid and proteinuria, which are known to be associated with atherosclerosis, in patients with CKD. NLR may be a determinant of inflammation and atherosclerosis in patients with CKD

Does altitude affect blood gases in hemodialysis patients?

Introduction This study aimed to determine whether predialysis blood gases is affected by altitude differences in hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistulas living in Turkey at three different altitudes. Methods Patients' predialysis blood gases were compared by standardizing both arterial blood gases collections and working methods for patients undergoing hemodialysis using a dialysate with the same properties at altitudes of 30 m (sea level), 1020 m (moderate altitude), and 1951 m (high altitude). Findings Blood gases disorders were detected in 32 (82.1%) high altitude group patients, whereas 49 (74.2%) sea level group patients had no blood gases disorders (P < 0.001). pH values in the high altitude group were significantly lower than those in the other groups, and the pH increased as altitude decreased (P < 0.001). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) values was higher in the sea level group than in the other groups and increased at lower sea levels (P < 0.001). Bicarbonate values were significantly higher in the sea level group than in the other groups and increased at lower sea levels, similar to PaCO(2)values (P < 0.001). The partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) values in the high altitude and sea level groups were significantly higher and increased at lower sea levels (P < 0.001). The oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) values were significantly lower in the high altitude group than in the other groups and increased gradually at lower sea levels (P < 0.001). Discussion Predialysis metabolic acidosis was more pronounced in patients undergoing hemodialysis at high altitudes, whereas PaCO2, PaO2, and SaO(2)values were lower

A Case-Control Study on the Affective Temperament Profiles, Anxiety and Depression Levels of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

WOS: 000387949500005Objectives: To determine the affective temperament profile of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in comparison to healthy subjects and to evaluate depression and anxiety status of patients. Methods: This was a case-control study into which 122 CRF patients (63 males, 59 females) and 100 healthy age-and gender-matched controls (66 females, 34 males) were included. The affective temperament profile was determined by Turkish version of Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A). For the assessment of depression and anxiety, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used. Results: Of the 122 patients, 28 (23%) were in predialysis, 22 (18%) periton dialysis, 30 (24.6%) hemodialysis and 42 (34.4%) transplantation. The majority of participants (n=169, 76.1%) had no dominant affective temperament according to TEMPS-A. For the remaining participants, the most common dominant affective temperament was depressive temperament (8.6%) followed by mixed temperament (7.7%) and anxious temperament (2.7%). There was no signifcantly difference in terms of affective temperament traits between patients and controls. Patient group had significantly higher depression and anxiety scores than healthy controls. There was no correlation between laboratory results and affective temperaments, anxiety, depression scores of patients. There was no significant difference between predialysis, periton dialysis, hemodialysis, and transplantation subgroups in terms of anxiety, depression or affective temperament traits (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: There is no affective temperament profile specific to patients with CRF. However, considering the high rate of depression and anxiety among patients with CRF, knowing affective temperament profile of patients will guide clinicians through management of psychiatric disorders and CRF itself, thus will improve disease outcome and patients' quality of life

Is Nebivolol Really Effective in Preventing Contrast Induced Nephropathy?

Background/Aims: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) has multifactorial etiopatogenesis including oxidative stress and vasoconstriction. Nebivolol is an antioxidant and has vasodilatatory effect via NO release and may prevent CIN development. We have noticed that a few number of studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of nebivolol for the prevention of CIN used serum creatinine (sCr) levels for CIN detection. However, sCr is an insensitive marker for renal damage. Therefore in this study we used serum neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), a more sensitive marker of renal damage, to evaluate preventive role of nebivolol in CIN. Methods: 159 patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) who had at least one risk factor for CIN were divided into nebivolol (+) and (-) groups. CIN was defined as a rise in sCr of 0.5mg/dl or a 25% increase from the baseline value. Serum Cr, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and NGAL levels were assessed before and 48 h after CAG. Mehran risk scores were calculated for both groups. Results: Both groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics, Mehran risk scores, and current medications. Clinically, CIN developed at similar rates in both groups. Serum Cr, eGFR and NGAL values were similar in both groups before and after CAG. Serum Cr and NGAL levels increased and eGFR decreased significantly compared to the levels before CAG. Patients who developed CIN were significantly older (p=0.003), and were more likely to have DM (p=0.012), a higher mean contrast agent volume (pConclusion: According to the results of our study Nebivolol does not seem to prevent CIN in patients undergoing CAG. However, further randomised controlled trials with more sensitive renal damage markers are obviously needed to understand the actual effect of nebivolol on CIN especially through oxidative pathways and in high risk patients

Investigation of the Levels of Serum Amyloid A, YKL-40, and Pentraxin-3 in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever

BackgroundFamilial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive form of recurrent episodes of fever and an autoinflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the serous membranes. The clinical diagnosis is supported by the laboratory findings. This study investigated the relationship of Serum Amyloid A (SAA), YKL-40, and Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) with the FMF disease

Development of a total colonoscopy rat model with endoscopic submucosal injection of the cecal wall.

BACKGROUND: Experimental models of colorectal tumor require either laparotomy for induction or anastomosis following resection. The long murine cecum avoids the need for an anastomosis, making the cecum the preferred site for induction. This study aimed to evaluate total colonoscopy with submucosal injection of cecal wall (TCWI) in rats in terms of failure rate (FR), complication rate (CR), and reproducibility (R). METHODS: A bolus of bowel prep was given. Anesthesia was injected intraperitoneally. A video fiberscope (5.9 mm outer diameter, 180/90 degrees up/down bending, 100/100 degrees right/left bending, 103 cm working length, 120 degrees view field, and 2.0 mm channel) allowed for irrigation and suction. Saline 1 ml was injected in the cecal wall through a 4-mm-long, 23-gauge needle placed on a 3-mm wire, resulting in a blister. FR was a failure to reach and inject the cecum. Rats were allowed to recover. CR was measured at necropsy. R was assessed by comparing TCWI time, FR, and CR for three investigators. Sample size of 120 (type I error, 0.05; power, 80%) was based on a pilot study. Data are presented as median (range). RESULTS: A total of two of 122 rats (1.6%) died after prep or anesthesia. Bowel prep resulted in 99.1% evacuation of solid feces. A total of 120 male Sprague-Dawley retired breeders weighing 592 g (range, 349-780) underwent TCWI. Scope depth was 28 cm (range, 20-36). Irrigating fluid was 290 ml (range, 100-600). TCWI time was 7 min (range, 4-28). FR was 4%. In three failed cases, the scope reached the ascending colon. CR was 2%. There were two perforations in the ascending colon. All three operators had similar TCWI time (p = 0.673), FR (p \u3e 0.1), and CR (p \u3e 0.1). A total of 98.3% of rats survived to planned sacrifice. At 48-h necropsy, the injection site was macroscopically identified in 118 rats. CONCLUSIONS: A safe and reproducible TCWI rat model has been achieved, which may provide a valuable tool in the future for studies of solid colorectal tumors