7 research outputs found

    ‘Are they refugees or economic migrants?’ The effect of asylum seekers' motivation to migrate on intentions to help them

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    Immigration has played a significant role in human history as people move to new places for economic opportunities, religious freedom, and political refuge. However, asylum seekers are often viewed negatively and falsely portrayed in media, leading to fear and distrust among locals. In the current research, participants read a fictitious news article about an asylum seeker's (Syrian, Ukrainian, or Yemeni) motivation for seeking asylum (seeking safety, seeking financial betterment from a position of relative financial hardship, or seeking financial betterment from a position of extreme financial hardship). Participants then reported their willingness to help that asylum seeker, and their prejudice and empathy toward both that asylum seeker and their group as a whole (e.g., Syrian refugees). Results showed that people were more willing to help asylum seekers whose motivation for seeking asylum was grounded in safety concerns rather than moderate financial concerns (studies 1, 2, and 3). Participants also reported more willingness to help the asylum seeker's group as a whole if the individual asylum seeker's motivation was described as seeking safety rather than financial betterment. Further, describing financial concerns as so severe that they endangered survival generated more willingness to help than moderate financial concerns, demonstrating that severe enough financial concerns may be perceived as safety concerns (study 3). We also found that people were more willing to help Ukrainian refugees than Syrian refugees. Altogether, these findings have both theoretical and practical implications

    Sosyal Etki Kuramı Bağlamında Psikolojik Dışlanma

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    Ostracism refers to being ignored, excluded by other individuals or groups (Williams, 2007a). AlthouPsikolojik dışlanma bireyin, bir başka birey ya da grup tarafından yok sayılması, grup dışında tutu

    Summary ostracism in the context of the social impact theory: the effect of numbers of source and target on four fundamental needs

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    Özet Psikolojik dışlanmanın yol açtığı anlık yıkıcı tepkilerin evrensel oldukları ve bu tepkiler üzerinde bireysel, durumsal ve ortamsal değişkenlerin düzenleyici rolünün bulunmadığı ileri sürülmüş olsa da, yapılan bazı çalışmalar bu görüşü desteklememektedir. Sosyal etki kuramına göre, hem kaynak hem de hedef sayısının kaynağın hedef üzerindeki etkisini belirlemede rolü vardır. Dışlanma sürecinin de bir sosyal etki süreci olduğu düşünülecek olursa, kaynak ve hedef sayısı dışlanma sonucunda ortaya konan anlık tepkiler üzerinde rol oynayan düzenleyici değişkenler olarak ele alınabilir. Bu amaçla yürütülen iki deneyin ilkinde dışlayan, ikinci deneyinde dışlanan sayısındaki artışın temel ihtiyaçlara (ait olma, anlamlı varoluş ihtiyacı, benlik değeri ve kontrol) yönelik tehdit algısında farklılaşmalara yol açıp açmadığı incelenmiştir. Deneylerde dışlanma, tanışma paradigması ile değişimlenmiştir. Deney 1de kaynağı oluşturan dışlayan ve kabul eden kişi sayısı, Deney 2de ise hedef sayısı değişimlenmiştir. Bulgular, Deney 1de dışlayan üye sayısına, Deney 2de ise dışlanan üye sayısına bağlı olarak ait olma, benlik değeri, anlamlı varoluş ve algılanan kontrol ölçümleri açısından farklılaşma olduğunu göstermektedir.Ostracism refers to being ignored, excluded by other individuals or groups (Williams, 2007a). Although it was claimed that the devastating immediate reactions to ostracism are universal and independent from individual differ- ences and situational variables, some of the studies do not support this assertion (Williams, 2001; Williams & Zadro, 2005). According to social impact theory (Latané, 1981), both the number of sources and targets have a decisive role on the effect of sources on target. If the process of ostracism could be framed as a social impact process, then the number of sources and targets also could be considered as moderators which would have an effect on immediate reactions of ostracism. In the first experiment of the current study, the impact of ostracism on needs was examined in relation to having an incremental effect with each additional person who ostracized the participant. The impact of ostracism was investigated in relation to having a diminished incremental effect with each additional target person being ostracized in second experiment. Ostracism was manipulated by Get Acquainted Paradigm . The dependent variables were need threats. Participants reported only linear incremental need threat depending on both the number ostracizing sources and the number of ostracized targets

    Humor style predicts sarcasm use - evidence from Turkish speakers

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    Humor and sarcasm are closely related - sarcasm is often identified with aggressive humor or humorous mockery. Research in this area is common in Western European languages, but not in non-WEIRD populations. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between humor styles and sarcasm use in the Turkish-speaking population. We also attempted to predict the use of different sarcasm types (general sarcasm, embarrassment diffusion, face-saving, and frustration diffusion) by the scores of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (Martin, Rod A., Patricia Puhlik-Doris, Gwen Larsen, Jeanette Gray ; Kelly Weir. 2003. Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality 37(1). 48-75) scales (aggressive, affiliative, self-enhancing, and self-defeating humor). The data from 329 Turkish-speaking participants were collected: 250 women and 79 men (M-age = 37; SD = 12.32; age range: 18-70). Participants filled out online questionnaires including Sarcasm Self-Report Scale (Ivanko, Stacey L., Penny M. Pexman ; Kara M. Olineck. 2004. How sarcastic are you? Individual differences and verbal irony. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 23(3). 244-271) adapted into Turkish, and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (Martin, Rod A., Patricia Puhlik-Doris, Gwen Larsen, Jeanette Gray ; Kelly Weir. 2003. Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality 37(1). 48-75) in Turkish adaptation (Tumkaya, Songul. 2011. Humor styles and socio-demographic variables as predictor of subjective well-being of Turkish university students. Egitim ve Bilim 36(160). 158-170). The results showed positive correlations between all humor styles and all sarcasm types, with the strongest correlation with aggressive humor. Regression analysis was used to find predictors of sarcasm use. Our results show that aggressive humor style is the main predictor of all self-reported sarcasm use scales.The research described in the manuscript was funded by the National Science Center, Poland, under grant SONATA 15 no. 2019/35/D/HS2/01005.National Science Center, Poland [2019/35/D/HS2/01005

    The effects of the need to belong and being informed on reactions to ostracism

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    Bu çalışmada, önceden haberli ya da habersiz olarak dışlanmaya maruz kalıp kalmamanın bireylerin psikolojik dışlanmaya gösterdikleri tepkiler üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Üniversite öğrencisi olan 120 katılımcı üzerinde psikolojik dışlanma değişimlemesi sanal top oyunu yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiş ve katılımcıların duygusal tepkileri, ait olma, benlik değeri, kontrol ve anlamlı var oluş ihtiyaçlarının tatmin düzeyi ile kendilerini dışlayan grup üyeleri hakkındaki izlenimleri incelenmiştir. Bulgular, hem önceden haberli hem de habersiz olarak psikolojik dışlanmaya maruz kalanların olumlu duygularında, dört temel ihtiyacın tatmin düzeyinde ve kendilerini dışlayanlar hakkındaki olumlu izlenimlerinde psikolojik dışlanmaya maruz kalmayanlara kıyasla azalma olduğunu göstermiştir. Öte yandan, ait olma düzeyi bir bireysel ayrılık değişkeni olarak ele alındığında, psikolojik dışlanmaya gösterilen tepkilerde bir farklılaşma görülmemiştir. Bu bulgular Williams’ın, (2001; 2007; 2009) modelinde öne sürmüş olduğu, psikolojik dışlanmaya gösterilen anlık tepkilerin durumsal ve bireysel ayrılıklar değişkenlerinden etkilenmeyeceğine ilişkin görüşünü desteklemektedir. Bununla birlikte, önceden haberdar olanların benlik değeri kontrol grubundan daha düşük, ancak önceden haberdar olmayanlara kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu farklılaşma ise sosyometre kuramına göre açıklanmıştır

    Sarcasm use in Turkish

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    Sarcasm Use in Turkish: The Roles of Personality, Age, Gender, and Self-Estee
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