Effects of hypertension with and without smoking on salivary electrolytes concentration

Background: Hypertension from smoking is a chronic medical condition that impacts human health. It has been proved that it could be a significant risk factor for different disorders like brain damage, the lung disease and has been related to the growth of oral diseases. However, there are few and conflicting research on its effect on salivary electrolytes concentrations. Aim of the study: To assess the effect of hypertension with and without smoking on electrolyte concentrations in saliva and to identify its effect on normal oral balance. Methods: A total number of 90 subjects included, which is comprised of (49) (54.4 %) males subjects and (41) (45.6 %) females subjects in the gender. They were divided into three groups, G1, G2 and G3 groups. Group 1 comprised 30 subjects of hypertension with smoking, Group 2 comprised 30 subjects of hypertension without smoking and Group 3 comprised 30 subjects of healthy non-smoking controls.   Results: Findings displayed a highly significant difference in concentration of calcium in saliva and there was no significant difference in potassium and sodium for the three groups. There was a significant difference of calcium in saliva concentration for all study group with respect to P-Value (0.000). Conclusion: The salivary calcium concentration in the saliva can be affected by hypertension with smoking and the increase in salivary calcium levels might be a risk factor for development of periodontal diseases

Effects of hypertension with and without smoking on salivary electrolytes concentration

Background: Hypertension from smoking is a chronic medical condition that impacts human health. It has been proved that it could be a significant risk factor for different disorders like brain damage, the lung disease and has been related to the growth of oral diseases. However, there are few and conflicting research on its effect on salivary electrolytes concentrations. Aim of the study: To assess the effect of hypertension with and without smoking on electrolyte concentrations in saliva and to identify its effect on normal oral balance. Methods: A total number of 90 subjects included, which is comprised of (49) (54.4 %) males subjects and (41) (45.6 %) females subjects in the gender. They were divided into three groups, G1, G2 and G3 groups. Group 1 comprised 30 subjects of hypertension with smoking, Group 2 comprised 30 subjects of hypertension without smoking and Group 3 comprised 30 subjects of healthy non-smoking controls.   Results: Findings displayed a highly significant difference in concentration of calcium in saliva and there was no significant difference in potassium and sodium for the three groups. There was a significant difference of calcium in saliva concentration for all study group with respect to P-Value (0.000). Conclusion: The salivary calcium concentration in the saliva can be affected by hypertension with smoking and the increase in salivary calcium levels might be a risk factor for development of periodontal diseases

Eigensystem and Full Character Formula of the W_{1+infinity} Algebra with c=1

By using the free field realizations, we analyze the representation theory of the W_{1+infinity} algebra with c=1. The eigenvectors for the Cartan subalgebra of W_{1+infinity} are parametrized by the Young diagrams, and explicitly written down by W_{1+infinity} generators. Moreover, their eigenvalues and full character formula are also obtained.Comment: 12 pages, YITP/K-1049, SULDP-1993-1, RIMS-959, Plain TEX, ( New references

Annihilation poles of a Smirnov-type integral formula for solutions to quantum Knizhnik--Zamolodchikov equation

We consider the recently obtained integral representation of quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation of level 0. We obtain the condition for the integral kernel such that these solutions satisfy three axioms for form factor \'{a} la Smirnov. We discuss the relation between this integral representation and the form factor of XXZ spin chain.Comment: 14 pages, latex, no figures

Timing of selective basal ganglia white matter loss in premanifest Huntington’s disease

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the timeframe prior to symptom onset when cortico-basal ganglia white matter (white matter) loss begins in premanifest Huntington's disease (preHD), and which striatal and thalamic sub-region white matter tracts are most vulnerable. METHODS: We performed fixel-based analysis, which allows resolution of crossing white matter fibres at the voxel level, on diffusion tractography derived white matter tracts of striatal and thalamic sub-regions in two independent cohorts; TrackON-HD, which included 72 preHD (approx. 11 years before disease onset) and 85 controls imaged at three time points over two years; and the HD young adult study (HD-YAS), which included 54 preHD (approx. 25 years before disease onset) and 53 controls, imaged at one time point. Group differences in fibre density and cross section (FDC) were investigated. RESULTS: We found no significant group differences in cortico-basal ganglia sub-region FDC in preHD gene carriers 25 years before onset. In gene carriers 11 years before onset, there were reductions in striatal (limbic and caudal motor) and thalamic (premotor, motor and sensory) FDC at baseline, with no significant change over 2 years. Caudal motor-striatal, pre-motor-thalamic, and primary motor-thalamic FDC at baseline, showed significant correlations with the Unified Huntington's disease rating scale (UHDRS) total motor score (TMS). Limbic cortico-striatal FDC and apathy were also significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that limbic and motor white matter tracts to the striatum and thalamus are most susceptible to early degeneration in HD but that approximately 25 years from onset, these tracts appear preserved. These findings may have importance in determining the optimum time to initiate future disease modifying therapies in HD

Influence of carbon nanotubes on thermal expansion coefficient and thermal buckling of polymer composite plates: experimental and numerical investigations

The first aim of this article is to experimentally explore the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of epoxy-based composites. Focusing on the obtained experimental data, two important conclusions can be drawn. (1) Though the CTE of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is lower than that of neat epoxy, using more CNT does not necessarily decrease the CTE of epoxy polymer. (2) The optimum weight percentage of CNT is 0.3 which can reduce the CTE of epoxy up to 33%. As the second goal of the present research work, thermal buckling analysis of rectangular carbon-fiber-reinforced CNT/epoxy polymer (CFRCNTEP)-laminated composite plates is performed numerically. To this purpose, first, using the obtained experimental data and micro-mechanical models, the thermo-elastic properties of structure are calculated. Then, based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and by means of generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method, the influence of CNTs on the critical buckling temperature of CFRCNTEP composite plates is investigated. The numerical results reveal that MWCNTs can strongly affect thermal buckling behavior of composite plates. It is observed that by adding 0.3 wt. % CNTs into the matrix phase, the critical buckling temperature increases between 35 and 42%

P82 238. ¿Es segura la reintervención dejando los injertos arteriales permeables sin clampar?

ObjetivoEl objetivo de no dañar la arteria mamaria evitando su disección y clampaje supone un reto para la protección miocárdica debido al lavado de la cardioplejía.Presentamos nuestra experiencia en reintervenciones sin disecar ni clampar los injertos arteriales.Material y métodosDesde septiembre de 2000 hasta febrero de 2010 se realizaron 29 reintervenciones en 28 pacientes, (89,7% varones), edad media 73,17±7,38años. Las causas de reoperación fueron: progresión de valvulopatía 17 pacientes (58,6%), endocarditis 10 (34,4%), disfunción protésica no estructural 2 (6,9%). La mediana del EuroS-CORE logístico fue 14,84 (4-77,25). La cirugía fue urgente en 7 pacientes. Se realizó sustitución valvular aórtica aislada en 18 y se asoció revascularización en 4, sustitución/plastia mitral en 4, sustitución de aorta en 2; sustitución mitral aislada en 1.La protección miocárdica se realizó con cardioplejía hemática con esmolol, K+ y Mg+, administrándola siempre que no dificultaba el trabajo quirúrgico (intervalos nunca > 20min). Temperatura sistémica media 32,26±3,23 °C.ResultadosLa mediana del tiempo de circulación extracorpórea (CEC) fue 153 (91-494) y de clampaje 103 (71-430)min. Presentaron infarto postoperatorio 1 paciente (3,4%) y síndrome de bajo gasto postoperatorio 2 pacientes (6,5%). La mediana de troponina I postoperatoria fue 7,03ng/ml (1,84-109,5). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue 3 pacientes (10,3%) (cirugía urgente por endocarditis). Las causas de mortalidad fueron: daño neurológico irreversible (1 paciente), sepsis y bajo gasto (2 pacientes). La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue 7 (1-33) días.ConclusiónEn nuestra experiencia, sin clampar los injertos arteriales y con la estrategia descrita, la protección miocárdica parece adecuada y la mortalidad hospitalaria aceptable

Interaction of a three-level atom and a field with a time-varying frequency in the context of triangular well potentials: an exact treatment

We introduce a model of interaction between a three-level atom (3LA) and a one-mode field whose frequency evolves with the time in the context of triangular potentials. We consider a new class of cat states described as a superposition of the coherent states that are associated with these kinds of potentials. Mathematical and physical consequences of the obtained results are analyzed and discussed in detail by using the exact analytical treatment of the quantum system-state at subsequent times. We investigate the nonlocal and nonclassical properties of different system states in terms of the main parameters of the model. Interestingly, we present the dynamical behavior of the entanglement, second order correlation function, quantum Fisher information, and geometric phase of the considered bipartite quantum system. We show that the physical quantities for the proposed scheme are very sensitive through the choice of the time-varying frequency of the fields, at either coherent states or their superposition, and we compare the results to the case of fields that are associated to harmonic well potentials. Finally, we explore the relationship and dependence of the physical quantifiers on the main parameters of the model

The writing on the wall: the concealed communities of the East Yorkshire horselads

This paper examines the graffiti found within late nineteenth and early-twentieth century farm buildings in the Wolds of East Yorkshire. It suggests that the graffiti were created by a group of young men at the bottom of the social hierarchy - the horselads – and was one of the ways in which they constructed a distinctive sense of communal identity, at a particular stage in their lives. Whilst it tells us much about changing agricultural regimes and social structures, it also informs us about experiences and attitudes often hidden from official histories and biographies. In this way, the graffiti are argued to inform our understanding, not only of a concealed community, but also about their hidden histor

Elevated reticulocyte count – a clue to the diagnosis of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) associated with gemcitabine therapy for metastatic duodenal papillary carcinoma: a case report

In adults, the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) is associated with probable causative factors in the minority of all cases. Cytotoxic drugs are one of these potential causative agents. Although metastatic cancer by itself is a recognized risk-factor for the development of HUS, therapy with mitomycin-C, with cis-platinum, and with bleomycin carries a significant, albeit extremely small, risk for the development of HUS, compared with all other cytotoxic drugs. Gemcitabine is a novel cytotoxic drug with promising activity against pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We are reporting on one patient with metastatic duodenal papillary carcinoma developing HUS while on weekly gemcitabine therapy. The presenting features in this patient were non-cardiac pulmonary oedema, renal failure, thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia. The diagnosis of HUS was made on the day of admission of the patient to this institution. Upon aggressive therapy, including one single haemodialysis and five plasmaphereses, the patient recovered uneventfully, with modestly elevated creatinine-values as a remnant of the acute illness. Re-exposure to gemcitabine 6 months after the episode of HUS instituted for progressive carcinoma, thus far has not caused another episode of HUS. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig