PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASGNATURA: DESARROLLO PERSONAL

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASIGNATURA: DESARROLLO PERSONAL

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

Understanding Ecosystem Services Along Urban Streams Using Citizen Science, Social Media Data, and Expert Input

About 75% of the streams and rivers in Southern California are biologically degraded. Widespread development and flood control have created an urban river condition known for geomorphic simplification, reduced societal value of stream systems, and ecological simplification. The global degradation of streams has resulted in a freshwater biodiversity crisis that, by many measures, eclipses terrestrial biodiversity loss. However, while responsible for many pressures to ecosystems, cities can enhance aspects of ecosystem health and aid in reducing biodiversity loss. Cities can also host the ecosystem services, however degraded, that enhance community cohesion, resilience, and well-being. A growing urban river revitalization movement in the region, in various states of implementation, offers an opportunity to critically examine the opportunities and challenges that are presented by our local urban rivers. In this dissertation, I identify cultural ecosystem services (CES) along the Los Angeles River using FlickR data and examine the relationship between CES and site attributes using Maxent, a presence-only species distribution model. I find that I am able to identify 5 typologies of CES using FlickR text and photos, that two reaches of the Los Angeles River, a completely channelized and a semi-natural, soft-bottom reach of the River, host the highest CES intensity, and that relative suitability of CES occurrence is related to the presence of historical bridges, access, and median flow. Then, using a more traditional application of Maxent, I examine avian species habitat relationships at the catchment scale for species found along urban and semi-natural streams in Southern California. I find that I am not able to identify predictors of habitat suitability for generalist species at the catchment scale, in part due to contradicting model evaluation metrics, and describe limitations with the use of citizen science data, catchment scale analysis, model valuation, and the application of Maxent to highly urban settings. Finally, following statewide investments in green infrastructure projects that enhance water quality and water capture and recognizing the opportunity to support urban biodiversity in distributed multi-benefit projects, I make use of the Delphi method and the expertise of biodiversity experts to identify habitat goals for green infrastructure projects and associated metrics. I describe the Delphi process and the difficulty in reaching consensus due to disagreement in the feasibility and likelihood of success for several goals and objectives. I describe a preliminary framework to capture the habitat value of green infrastructure projects and compare it to established biodiversity frameworks

ZONAL AND TIDAL EFFECTS ON TRACE GAS FLUX FROM A MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN B.C.S., MEXICO

Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-40).Mangrove forests are ecologically important ecosystems that have been identified as one of the most threatened ecosystems on earth. Given predicted range expansion, anthropogenic inputs, and destruction due to shrimp aquaculture, mangrove ecosystems will play a changing role in trace gas budgets. While various studies have measured CO??? emissions from mangrove forests, few studies have measured CO??? in conjunction with other radiatively important trace gases or quantified spatial patterns in emissions. This study quantifies the fluxes of CO???, CH???4, and N???O and also identifies whether there were tidal and zonal, referring to low, mid, and high intertidal zones, patterns in trace gas fluxes. The study took place within the Bahia Magdalena Lagoon Complex in Baja California Sur, Mexico where samples were collected along land to sea transects. Gas samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. Sediment core and pore water samples were used to determine concentrations of dissolved gases, nutrients, and electron acceptors. Greenhouse gas fluxes averaged 94 kg km?????yr????? of C, 2501 kg km?????yr????? of CH???, and 308 kg km?????yr????? of N???O. Multiple linear regression revealed nitrate and leaf litter were significant drivers of N???O flux (p<0.01) with significant interactions between nitrate and tidal zones, whereby NO??? was a significant driver of N???O flux in mid and high intertidal zones (p=0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). Negative N???O fluxes were observed and a logistic regression showed N???O consumption had an odds ratio 5.6 higher during high tide than low tide (p=0.01). Methane fluxes did not vary zonally or tidally but were driven by total iron concentrations, though the linear relationship was weak (p=0.04, R??=0.25). In low intertidal zones, methane emissions were regulated by salinity (r??=0.87), with higher salinities limiting CH??? fluxes. CO??? fluxes increased with increasing tide distance and redox (p=0.004). CO??? consumption was observed during high tide, with redox potentials, and SO??? concentrations (p=0.06) shown to be nearly significant predictors of consumption. CO??? consumption appears to be a result of physical and biological processes, with increased sulfate reduction creating more alkaline conditions, and increasing CO??? solubility into tidal waters, presumably resulting in negative CO??? fluxes. Twelve hour runs at a single station showed greater CO??? fluxes during an outgoing tide than an incoming tide and with greater tide distance (R??=0.24), and increasing CO??? flux with more acidic pH (R??=0.72). Nitrous oxide showed a positive relationship with decreasing daylight (R??=0.83) This study showed an interplay of both physical and biological factors control trace gas emissions

Método de elementos finitos mixtos para flujo monofásico en medios porosos

La modelación numérica de un flujo multifásico en medio poroso se aplica en problemas de ingeniería petrolera, suelos y aguas subterráneas. En particular trabajamos el modelo de flujo en una fase, el cual se formula en términos de la presión y velocidad, basándose en argumentos de conservación de masa y la ley de Darcy. Nosotros consideramos dos casos. El primero consiste en suponer que se tiene un flujo incompresible y el segundo es considerar un flujo ligeramente compresible. Para modelar este problema es primordial contar con aproximaciones precisas y estables de la presión y la velocidad. Por esto, hemos estudiado dos estrategias: Elemento finito estándar (FE, por sus siglas en inglés) y el método de elemento finito mixto (MFE). Con el método FE primero se aproxima la presión resolviendo un problema elíptico y después se aproxima la velocidad con una formulación variacional a nivel nodal. En particular usamos elementos lineales y bilineales. Para calcular la velocidad se tienen dos opciones, una es usar la fórmula de Green en la forma débil y la otra es no usarla y calcular derivadas de presión. Encontramos que la mejor es la primera opción. Ahora, para aproximar las integrales probamos cuadraturas cerradas y abiertas y se obtuvo que las cerradas aproximan mejor las integrales. El método de elemento finito mixto plantea la formulación variacional como un problema de punto silla, lo cual permite aproximar la velocidad y la presión simultáneamente. En esta tesis, solamente usamos los elementos de Raviart-Thomas de bajo orden (RT0) en triángulos y cuadriláteros. Dado que para mallas triangulares conocemos explícitamente la forma de las funciones base, pudimos trabajar directamente con los elementos de la malla, lo cual nos permitió verificar que se implementó correctamente el método mixto. En el caso de cuadriláteros, como no conocemos a las funciones de forma explícitamente, usamos un elemento de referencia, que es mapeado a cada elemento de la malla mediante la transformación de Piola. Las pruebas de cuadratura y formas de aproximar la velocidad con el método de elemento finito se realizaron en el modelo de flujo monofásico incompresible, ya que las ecuaciones y dominio de este son más sencillas. También se usó este flujo para probar el método MFE con elementos RT0 en triángulos, sin y con elemento de referencia. Para resolver flujo monofásico ligeramente compresible con el método FE usamos cuadraturas cerradas y la fórmula de Green para la velocidad; además para el método MFE se empleó solamente el elemento de referencia, para los dos tipos de mallas; en ambos métodos implícitos para discretizar el tiempo. De los resultados numéricos se deduce que los elementos bilineales aproximan mejor la presión, en cambio el menor orden de error para la velocidad se obtiene con los elementos RT0 en cuadriláteros, sin embargo, estas aproximaciones son comparables con las que tenemos con el método FE en cuadriláteros, pero el tiempo de cómputo y la memoria que se usa para resolver el mismo problema es mayor con el método MFE. Palabras clave: métodos de elemento finito mixto, elementos de Raviart-Thomas, transformación de Piola, flujo monofásico

Se le tiene.com

En este documento se hablará sobre una idea de negocio digital la cual tiene como nombre se le tiene.com que surgió de la problemática cotidiana que se tiene al requerir o tener la necesidad de comprar artículos que se necesitan de manera temporal que harán parte de una pila de objetos que no volvemos a usar y a los cuales también les podríamos sacar un beneficio económico para alguien que lo puede necesitar.—In this document we will talk about a digital business idea which has as its name se le tiene.com that arose from the daily problems that you have by requiring or having to buy items that are needed temporarily that will be part of a stack d and objects that we don't use again and that we might also make a financial profit for someone who may need it

Larval Diel Vertical Migration of the Marine Gastropod Kelletia kelletii

Documenting larval behavior is critical for building an understanding of larval dispersal dynamics and resultant population connectivity. Nocturnal diel vertical migration (DVM), a daily migration towards the surface of the water column at night and downward during the day, can profoundly influence dispersal outcomes. Via laboratory experiments we investigated whether marine gastropod Kelletia kelletii larvae undergo nocturnal DVM and whether the behavior was influenced by the presence of light, ontogeny, and laboratory culturing column height. Larvae exhibited a daily migration pattern consistent with nocturnal diel vertical migration with lower average vertical positioning (ZCM) during day-time hours and higher vertical positioning at night-time hours. ZCM patterns varied throughout ontogeny; larvae became more demersal as they approached competency. There was no effect of column height on larval ZCM. DVM behavior persisted in the absence of light, indicating a possible endogenous rhythm. Findings from field plankton tows corroborated laboratory nocturnal DVM findings; significantly more K. kelletii were found in surface waters at midnight compared to at noon. Unraveling the timing of and the cues initiating DVM behavior in K. kelletii larvae can help build predictive models of dispersal outcomes for this emerging fishery species