Learning through International Strategic Alliances: Processes and Factors that Enhance Marketing Strategy Effectiveness

Intensified competitive, technological, and market pressures have made organizational learning a critical imperative in global strategy effectiveness. Firms can learn through experience and from three processes that involve other firms: imitation, grafting, and synergism. Interpartner learning has become critical, since experiential learning is insufficient for most firms. Responds to calls for a broadened role of marketing and synthesizes and extends research from organization behaviour and strategic management to the field of marketing to fuel further academic inquiry. Based on an extension of Chandler′s strategy‐structure‐performance paradigm, develops propositions on how the environment, organizational culture, strategy, and structure can affect a company′s use of interpartner learning and its effectiveness in learning through strategic alliances. Provides several managerial implications to help improve marketers′ abilities to compete effectively in today′s dynamic, global business environment

Correlation between the visibility of submandibular fossa and mandibular canal cortication on panoramic radiographs and submandibular fossa depth on CBCT

To identify a correlation between the submandibular fossa (SF) visibility and mandibular canal (MC) cortication on panoramic image and the depth of SF measured on CBCT and also correlation between the depth of SF and vertical and horizontal location of MC on CBCT. 500 CBCT scans and panoramic radiographs were evaluated. SF depth types were classified as type I ( 3mm) on CBCT. Visibility of SF and the cortication of MC on panoramic radiographs were compared with the depth of SF on CBCT. Distances between MC and mandibular inferior, buccal and lingual cortices were measured. No statistically significant correlation was found between radiolucent appearances of SF, cortication of MC, and depth of SF. The deepest part of the fossa was in the second molar area followed by third and first molars. Negative weak correlations were found between B-MC, L-MC distances and depth of SF. Visibility of SF and cortication of MC on panoramic radiographs did not correlate with the depth of SF. A marked radiolucent submandibular fossa on panoramic image does not undoubtedly indicate a deep fossa, which emphasizes the importance of 3-D imaging in implant planning

Thermal and Compressive Strength Properties of Sepiolite Substituted Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

Gazbeton gözenekli hafif betondur. Bu araştırmada, Sepiyolitin gazbeton üretiminde hammadde olarak kullanılan kuvarsit yerine ikamesinin gazbetonun ısıl ve basınç dayanım özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada, duvar elamanı olarak kullanılan ve ticari olarak üretimi yapılan G2/04 sınıfı gazbeton üretimi esas alınmıştır. Eskişehir Sivrihisar maden sahasından alınan Sepiyolitin, hammadde olarak kullanılan kuvarsit yerine %5, %10, %15, %20 ve %25 oranlarında ikame edilerek gazbeton örnekleri üretilmiştir. Üretilen örnekler 60 ºC sıcaklıkta 4 saat kürde bekletildikten sonra 180 ºC'de 11 bar basınçta 6,5 saat otoklavda küre tabi tutulmuştur. Üretilen örneklerin basınç dayanımı ve ısıl iletkenlik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak sepiyolit oranının arttırılması sonucu basınç dayanımında azalma olurken ısıl iletimde iyileşme gözlenmiştir.Aerated concrete is a lightweight concrete which has porous structure. In this study, effects of usage of sepioliteas a raw material instead of quartzite on the thermal and compressive strength properties of aerated concrete were investigated.G2/04 class aerated concrete, which has been commercially produced as a wall component, has been focused. Aerated concrete samples have been prepared by substitution of sepiolite instead of quartzite in %5, %10, %15, %20 and %25. Sepiolite has been provided from Eskişehir mine field. After 4 hours cure at 60ºC, samples moved to treat in autoklave in the temperature of 180ºC and pressure at 11 bar for 6.5 hours. Thermal conductivity and compressive strength properties of samples were determined. As a result, increasing the rate of sepiolite in aerated concrete decreases the compressive strength and increases the thermal conductivity

On compact holomorphically pseudosymmetric K\"ahlerian manifolds

For compact K\"ahlerian manifolds, the holomorphic pseudosymmetry reduces to the local symmetry if additionally the scalar curvature is constant and the structure function is non-negative. Similarly, the holomorphic Ricci-pseudosymmetry reduces to the Ricci-symmetry under these additional assumptions. We construct examples of non-compact essentially holomorphically pseudosymmetric K\"ahlerian manifolds. These examples show that the compactness assumption cannot be omitted in the above stated theorem. Recently, the first examples of compact, simply connected essentially holomorphically pseudosymmetric K\"ahlerian manifolds are discovered by W. Jelonek. In his examples, the structure functions change their signs on the manifold

Measurement of melatonin in body fluids: Standards, protocols and procedures

Abstract: The circadian rhythm of melatonin in saliva or plasma, or of the melatonin metabolite 6‐ sulphatoxymelatonin in urine, is a defining feature of suprachiasmatic nucleus function, the endogenous oscillatory pacemaker. These measurements are useful to evaluate problems related to the onset or offset of sleep and for assessing phase delays or advances of rhythms in entrained individuals. Additionally, they have become an important tool for psychiatric diagnosis, its use being recommended for phase typing in patients suffering from sleep and mood disorders. Thus, the development of sensitive and selective methods for the precise detection of melatonin in tissues and fluids of animals emerges as necessary. Due to its low concentration and the co‐existence of many other endogenous compounds in blood, the determination of melatonin has been an analytical challenge. This review discusses current methodologies employed for detection and quantification of melatonin in biological fluids and tissues

How Global are Global Brands? An Empirical Brand Equity Analysis

The term 'global brand' has become widely used by the media and by consumers. Business week publishes annually its widely known ranking of the 'Best Global Brands' (with Coca-Cola as number 1 in the past years) and consumers on summer vacations purchase brands such as Heineken or Marlboro they are familiar with from their home country. Although media and consumers call these brands 'global' and centralized marketing departments manage these brands globally - are these 'global brands' really global? Are they really perceived everywhere in the same way by the customers? Can we talk about truly global brand equity? And if there were brand image differences between countries, which factors causes them? The authors conducted an empirical research during May and June 2009 with similarly aged University students (bachelor students at business school) in Germany (n=426) and Mexico (n=296). The goal was to identify if brand awareness rates differ between Germans and Mexicans, if the brand image of Apple iPod is perceived in the same way in Germany and in Mexico and what influencing factors might have an impact on any brand image discrepancy between the countries. Results prove that brand recall rates differ between the two countries (with higher rates in Mexico) as well as brand image attributes vary significantly (28 out of 34 brand image attributes are significantly different between Germany and Mexico), with Mexico showing higher levels of favorable brand image attributes. Key influencing factors on the different brand image perceptions are perceived quality, satisfaction and the influence of reference groups (such as friends and family). The results suggest that so-called 'global brands' are not perceived the same way in Germany and Mexico. As a consequence, brand management using standardized marketing instruments for its presumable 'global brands' might be better off with a more differentiated approach that takes account a specific local brand image

Unpublished Mediterranean and Black Sea records of marine alien, cryptogenic, and neonative species

To enrich spatio-temporal information on the distribution of alien, cryptogenic, and neonative species in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, a collective effort by 173 marine scientists was made to provide unpublished records and make them open access to the scientific community. Through this effort, we collected and harmonized a dataset of 12,649 records. It includes 247 taxa, of which 217 are Animalia, 25 Plantae and 5 Chromista, from 23 countries surrounding the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Chordata was the most abundant taxonomic group, followed by Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Annelida. In terms of species records, Siganus luridus, Siganus rivulatus, Saurida lessepsianus, Pterois miles, Upeneus moluccensis, Charybdis (Archias) longicollis, and Caulerpa cylindracea were the most numerous. The temporal distribution of the records ranges from 1973 to 2022, with 44% of the records in 2020–2021. Lethrinus borbonicus is reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, while Pomatoschistus quagga, Caulerpa cylindracea, Grateloupia turuturu, and Misophria pallida are first records for the Black Sea; Kapraunia schneideri is recorded for the second time in the Mediterranean and for the first time in Israel; Prionospio depauperata and Pseudonereis anomala are reported for the first time from the Sea of Marmara. Many first country records are also included, namely: Amathia verticillata (Montenegro), Ampithoe valida (Italy), Antithamnion amphigeneum (Greece), Clavelina oblonga (Tunisia and Slovenia), Dendostrea cf. folium (Syria), Epinephelus fasciatus (Tunisia), Ganonema farinosum (Montenegro), Macrorhynchia philippina (Tunisia), Marenzelleria neglecta (Romania), Paratapes textilis (Tunisia), and Botrylloides diegensis (Tunisia).peer-reviewe

A Process Model On the Formation of Multinational Stategic Alliances

Dr. Gregory Osland\u27s contribution to Refik Culpan (ed.), Multinational Strategic Alliances. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press

The natural radioactivity contents in feed coals from the lignite-fired power plants in western Anatolia, Turkey

PubMed ID: 20801940Lignite burning is one of the sources of technologically enhanced exposure to humans from natural radionuclides. In the preliminary study, part of the survey, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in 112 samples of feed lignites from seven lignite-fired power plants in Western Anatolia (Seyitömer, Tunçbilek, Orhaneli, Soma, Yatagan, Yeniköy and Kemerköy) were, therefore, determined by scintillation gamma spectrometry. The ranges of the relevant radionuclides in the lignite samples are as follows: 226Ra, 23-291 Bq kg. -1; 232Th, 12-68 Bq kg. -1; and 40K, 67-284 Bq kg. -1. Taking the coefficient of variation (CV) as a measure of the variability, the CV is also calculated for the natural radionuclides in the feed lignites. Furthermore, the dose rates in the coal-handling areas due to external gamma radiation are found to be within the range specified by UNSCEAR (2000) report. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.CAYDAG-103Y057, FEN 038, EBİLTEM-2004/BİL/003The investigation was in part supported by the Scientific Research of Ege University, the Science, Technology, Research and Application Centre of Ege University and the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey under the following Projects, 2004 FEN 038, EBİLTEM-2004/BİL/003 and CAYDAG-103Y057. -