Contrast Sensitivity and Cognitive Disorders in Paranoid Schizophrenia

Цель исследования — оценка контрастной чувствительности зрительной системы при шизофрении, анализ взаимосвязей с клиническими данными. Установлено снижение контрастной чувствительности в области низких пространственных частот у больных шизофренией в задаче обнаружения стимулов. В более высокоуровневой задаче сравнения у больных шизофренией наблюдалось снижение контрастной чувствительности практически во всех диапазонах пространственных частот. Показаны связи контрастной чувствительности с клинической симптоматикой, что подтверждает общие механизмы развития сенсорного дефицита и симптомов шизофрении.The purpose of the study was to assess the contrast sensitivity of the visual system in schizophrenia, and to analyze the relationship with clinical data. A decrease in contrast sensitivity in the low spatial frequencies in patients with schizophrenia was established in the task of detecting stimuli. In a higher-level comparison task, patients with schizophrenia showed a decrease in contrast sensitivity in all spatial frequencies. Relationships between contrast sensitivity indices and clinical symptoms are shown, which confirms the general mechanisms of development of sensory deficit and symptoms of schizophrenia.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ (проект № 22-18-00074)

Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism.

BACKGROUND: Whether the oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban can be an alternative to warfarin in patients with venous thromboembolism is unclear. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study, we randomly assigned patients with acute venous thromboembolism, who had initially received heparin, to receive edoxaban at a dose of 60 mg once daily, or 30 mg once daily (e.g., in the case of patients with creatinine clearance of 30 to 50 ml per minute or a body weight below 60 kg), or to receive warfarin. Patients received the study drug for 3 to 12 months. The primary efficacy outcome was recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The principal safety outcome was major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. RESULTS: A total of 4921 patients presented with deep-vein thrombosis, and 3319 with a pulmonary embolism. Among patients receiving warfarin, the time in the therapeutic range was 63.5%. Edoxaban was noninferior to warfarin with respect to the primary efficacy outcome, which occurred in 130 patients in the edoxaban group (3.2%) and 146 patients in the warfarin group (3.5%) (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 1.13; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The safety outcome occurred in 349 patients (8.5%) in the edoxaban group and 423 patients (10.3%) in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.94; P=0.004 for superiority). The rates of other adverse events were similar in the two groups. A total of 938 patients with pulmonary embolism had right ventricular dysfunction, as assessed by measurement of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels; the rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism in this subgroup was 3.3% in the edoxaban group and 6.2% in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Edoxaban administered once daily after initial treatment with heparin was noninferior to high-quality standard therapy and caused significantly less bleeding in a broad spectrum of patients with venous thromboembolism, including those with severe pulmonary embolism. (Funded by Daiichi-Sankyo; Hokusai-VTE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00986154.)