OTUB1 Overexpression in Mesangial Cells Is a Novel Regulator in the Pathogenesis of Glomerulonephritis through the Decrease of DCN Level

BACKGROUND: OTUB1 is a member of OTUs (Ovarian-tumor-domain-containing proteases), a deubiquitinating enzymes family (DUBs), which was shown as a proteasome-associated DUB to be involved in the proteins Ub-dependent degradation. It has been reported that OTUB1 was expressed in kidney tissue. But its concrete cellular location and function in the kidney remain unclear. Decorin (DCN) in mesangial cells (MC) is considered to be a potentially important factor for antagonizing glomerulonephritides, and its degradation is mediated by ubiquitination. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of OTUB1 expression in MC and its relationship with DCN during glomerulonephritis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, we demonstrated that OTUB1 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed in cultured rat MC and found to be upregulated by the stimulation of IL-1β or ATS. OTUB1 overexpression was detected in the mesangial area of glomeruli in some immunocomplex mediated nephritides such as IgA nephropathy, acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis by immunohistochemistry. The immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that OTUB1 interacted with DCN. The overexpression of OTUB1 enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of DCN in MC. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These data showed the inflammatory injury could up-regulate OTUB1 expression in MC, which might attribute the promoting effect of OTUB1 on glomerulonephritides to the decrease of DCN level

Distal aortic arch dysplasia accompanied by multiple aneurysms in adult: A case report and review of the literature

Because of the high blood flow and high pressure, the aortic arch, which sends out 3 branches including the innominate artery that separates the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery, is an important blood vessel supplying the brain and spinal cord, so the risk of aneurysms in this area is very high. The main risk is that the rupture can cause massive bleeding; the secondary is that some aortic arch lesions can cause insufficient blood supply to the brain or spinal cord. If early diagnosis can be detected, it could be treated completely with minimally invasive or open surgery. Therefore, especially for this kind of patient, the significance of treatment is great, and better results can be obtained through treatment. Here is a 48-year-old female patient with dysplasia of the distal aortic arch, multiple aortic parietal aneurysms, and abnormal origin of the left subclavian artery, which originates from the tortuous and twisted aorta

Effect of dietary Bio-fermented selenium on growth performance, nonspecific immune enzyme, proximate composition and bioaccumulation of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

A four-weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Bio-fermented selenium (Bio-Se) on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Effects of three Se diets containing basal diet (1.63 mg Se/kg), L-Se diet (3 mg Se/kg), and H-Se diet (10 mg Se/kg) on growth performance, nonspecific immune enzyme activities, proximate composition, and selenium accumulation of zebrafish were tested. The results indicate that body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and nonspecific immune enzyme [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] activities of fish fed with L-Se diet were significantly highest among all the groups. However, increased H2O2 content and decreased SOD activity indicates oxidative stress when fish was fed with H-Se diet. Dietary Se did not affect the proximate composition of zebrafish. The Se concentration in muscle increased in a dose-dependent manner, and the highest Se concentration was recorded in H-Se diet. In summary, the growth performance and nonspecific immunity of zebrafish fed with L-Se diet improved, but exposure to higher concentrations of Bio-Se severely affects the health status of fish. Keywords: Bio-fermented selenium, Zebrafish, Growth performance, Nonspecific immune enzyme, Bioaccumulatio