Protective Effects of GLP-1 on Glomerular Endothelium and Its Inhibition by PKCβ Activation in Diabetes

To characterize glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 signaling and its effect on renal endothelial dysfunction and glomerulopathy. We studied the expression and signaling of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) on glomerular endothelial cells and the novel finding of protein kinase A–dependent phosphorylation of c-Raf at Ser259 and its inhibition of angiotensin II (Ang II) phospho–c-Raf(Ser338) and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Mice overexpressing protein kinase C (PKC)β2 in endothelial cells (EC-PKCβ2Tg) were established. Ang II and GLP-1 actions in glomerular endothelial cells were analyzed with small interfering RNA of GLP-1R. PKCβ isoform activation induced by diabetes decreased GLP-1R expression and protective action on the renal endothelium by increasing its degradation via ubiquitination and enhancing phospho–c-Raf(Ser338) and Ang II activation of phospho-Erk1/2. EC-PKCβ2Tg mice exhibited decreased GLP-1R expression and increased phospho–c-Raf(Ser338), leading to enhanced effects of Ang II. Diabetic EC-PKCβ2Tg mice exhibited greater loss of endothelial GLP-1R expression and exendin-4–protective actions and exhibited more albuminuria and mesangial expansion than diabetic controls. These results showed that the renal protective effects of GLP-1 were mediated via the inhibition of Ang II actions on cRaf(Ser259) and diminished by diabetes because of PKCβ activation and the increased degradation of GLP-1R in the glomerular endothelial cells

Full counting statistics of information content

We review connections between the cumulant generating function of full counting statistics of particle number and the R\'enyi entanglement entropy. We calculate these quantities based on the fermionic and bosonic path-integral defined on multiple Keldysh contours. We relate the R\'enyi entropy with the information generating function, from which the probability distribution function of self-information is obtained in the nonequilibrium steady state. By exploiting the distribution, we analyze the information content carried by a single bosonic particle through a narrow-band quantum communication channel. The ratio of the self-information content to the number of bosons fluctuates. For a small boson occupation number, the average and the fluctuation of the ratio are enhanced.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure

Retinal Not Systemic Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress Correlated with VEGF Expression in Rodent Models of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes

To correlate changes between VEGF expression with systemic and retinal oxidative stress and inflammation in rodent models of obesity induced insulin resistance and diabetes

Fundamentals of Diesel Engine (Questions and Answers)

The present reference book is a compilation of questions on diesel engines and answers given to these problems during my term as an instructor of Marine Engineering at the Training Department, SEAFDEC, from 1979 to 1982. The number of trainees over that period reached almost one hundred both in the joint Fishing and Marine Engineering Course and the Regional Course for Fisheries Extension Officers. A great many engineering questions were dealt with, ranging from relatively easy to sophisticated problems. From among these problems I have selected only those relating to the fundamental principles of the diesel engine and concentrated on the more important aspects so that these may be fully understood. Easier problems whose solution can be found mathematically according to formulas have also been included

Stern Equipment for Small Fishing Boats

This textbook on Stern Equipment for small Fishing Boats is compiled from the lecture notes for the Fisheries and Marine Engineering Training Course during the 1980-81 academic year at the SEAFDEC Training Department. It is intended as a general introduction to aspects of stern equipment (propeller) pertaining to small wooden fishing boats. This text deals with three main topics; stern equipment, especially propeller shaft; small wooden fishing boats which are popular for Japanese coastal fisheries; and basic explanation of propeller equipment