Changes in subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum in the Canada Basin, 2003-2019

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OB] Polar Biology, Wed. 4 Dec. / 3F Multipurpose conference room, National Institute of Polar Researc

Oxygen isotope ratio, barium and salinity in waters around the North American coast from the Pacific to the Atlantic: Implications for freshwater sources to the Arctic throughflow

In 2002, oxygen isotope ratios of water (H218O/H216O), dissolved barium, and salinity were measured in surface waters around northern North America to identify freshwater sources and to provide a large-scale background for interpretation of regional inputs and processes. Oxygen isotope ratios showed that precipitation, river runoff, and sea ice meltwater were all significant contributors to the freshwater carried by the coastal component of the Arctic throughflow. Precipitation and runoff contributed \u3c40% and \u3e60%, respectively, to the freshwater found in surface waters along the Pacific coast. Sea ice meltwater contributed up to 65% to waters residing near the Mackenzie River and in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The salinity-barium relationship, after being corrected for dilution by sea ice meltwater, indicated that freshwater from the Mackenzie River flowed eastward into Amundsen Gulf. It did not, however, continue eastward through Dolphin Union Strait and Coronation Gulf in 2002. In the eastern part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea, barium concentrations in surface waters were low, the result of biological activity and/or local freshwater inputs with low barium concentrations

Factors related to depression among childcare worker;Cross-sectional study in Hokkaido, Japan

The goal of the present study was to investigate the factors related to depression among childcare workers. From November 2015 to August 2016, 358 nurseries (17.9%) answered a questionnaire. Adjusted for nursery work experience totaling more than five years, work place, cooperation in the work place, quality of sleep, hospital visiting, factors related to work of more than five years (OR=0.55, 95%CIs=(0.34, 0.91)), ability to consult troubles with boss (OR=0.36, 5%CIs=(0.18, 0.73)), to be able to take paid holidays (OR=0.49, 95%CIs=(0.27, 0.88)), having a spouse (OR=0.55, 95%CIs=(0.32, 0.94)) were considered to decrease the risk of depression. The Japanese government should prompt to improve the reatment of nurseries

Factors influencing attitudes toward end-of-life care by care workers at special nursing homes for the elderly A Cross-sectional study in Japan

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify factors influencing care workers\u27 attitudes toward end-of-life (EOL) care characteristics at special nursing homes (SNHs). Methods: A questionnaire was initially sent to 630 care workers at 19 SNHs in October 2012. Written informed consent was obtained from 253 of these workers (40.2%), who then completed and returned the questionnaires. Participants were asked to reply to questions covering demographic data, work environment, depression status, experiences/education concerning EOL, communication skills, and attitudes toward EOL care. The Japanese version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale, Form B (FATCOD-B-J) assessment instrument was used in the analysis of the data received. Using the median value of the FATCOD-B-J score, 130 subjects were allocated to the high score (HS) group (FATCOD-B-J?23) and 123 to the low score (LS) group (FATCOD-B-J<23). In the LS group, the odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of participants exhibiting relatively negative attitudes toward EOL care were calculated and adjusted for potential confounding factors using multivariate logistic regression model analysis. Results: Length of employment in the facilities of between 5 and 9 years (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.87) as well as over 10 years (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.96) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of placement in the LS group. Furthermore, moderate (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.80) as well as high (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.17-0.75) communication skills in accepting other opinions, were significantly associated with decreased risk of placement in the LS group. Conclusions: After adjustments for potential confounding variables, results indicated that extended experience as a care worker and higher communication skills in accepting other opinions were significantly associated with a reduced risk of negative attitudes toward EOL care

特別養護老人ホームにおける介護職の看取りに対する態度に影響尾及ぼす要因 : 日本における縦断研究

Aim: The aim of the present study was to clarify that the effects of accumulated experience in end-of-life care and communication skill on the attitudes of care workers’ toward end-of-life care. Methods: A study implemented 2012 to 2014. Two hundred and fifty-three questionnaires were returned (40.2%), and 170 were fully completed by care workers in special nursing homes. We sorted the responses into two groups by experience level: the experienced end-of-life care (EE) group and the inexperience end-of-life care (IE) group. Responses were also sorted by communication skill level: a high score communication (HSC) group and a low score communication (LSC) group. A two-way repeated measure analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The EE group was more likely to be younger (P = .04), to have a longer duration of employment (P < .001), and to have participated in an EOL care seminar in their facility (P = .02) than the IE group. Attitudes toward end-of-life care were significantly different between the EE and IE groups (df = 2, F = 3.35, P < .05). Attitudes toward end-of-life care were not significantly different when comparing the HSC and LSC groups (df = 2, F = 0.17, P = .85). The communication skill between the HSC and LSC groups differed significantly at 2012, 2013, and 2014. Conclusions: The accumulation of end-of-life care experience prompted a positive change in attitudes toward end-of-life care. Meanwhile, communication skill had no significant effect to change attitudes toward end-of-life care

Reports of studies supported by Grant-in-Aid for Research from the Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University

基盤研究サポート Grant-in-Aid for Fundamental Research ・プロバイオティクスを活用した乾乳期からの暑熱緩和ケアによる乳生産技術の開発...河上眞一, 川合美千代, 山本民次 ・安芸津沖および広島湾における海洋酸性化の実態調査...三瓶真 ・福山市田島沖における海苔（ノリ）の色落ちをもたらす要因とその対策に関する研究...小池一

Do Strong Winds Impact Water Mass, Nutrient, and Phytoplankton Distributions in the Ice‐Free Canada Basin in the Fall?

In general, strong wind events can enhance ocean turbulent mixing, followed by episodic nutrient supply to the euphotic zone and phytoplankton blooms. However, it is unclear whether such responses to strong winds occur in the ice‐free Canada Basin, where the seasonal pycnocline is strong and the nutricline is deep. In the present study, we monitored a fixed‐point observation (FPO) station in the Canada Basin for about 3 weeks in the fall of 2014 to examine the oceanic and biological responses to strong winds. At the FPO site, oceanic microstructure measurements, hydrographic surveys, and water sampling were performed with high temporal resolution, recording internal wave propagation, eddy passage, and water mass changes. Strong winds and internal wave propagation significantly enhanced the mixing above and at the seasonal pycnocline, but their effects were diminished at the nutricline, which was much deeper than the seasonal pycnocline. Therefore, wind‐induced mixing did not increase the upward nutrient supply from the nutricline and did not impact phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) distribution in the surface layer of the FPO site. The temporal evolution of the chlorophyll a concentration was most closely related to water mass changes. We also observed prominent subsurface chlorophyll a maxima with abundant large‐sized phytoplankton that were likely carried by warm‐core eddies to the FPO site. Phytoplankton biomass may have been sustained by the high concentration of ammonium within the eddy and ammonium regeneration at the seasonal pycnocline, where particulate organic matter likely accumulated

Enhancement/reduction of biological pump depends on ocean circulation in the sea-ice reduction regions of the Arctic Ocean

http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/mirai/mr08-04/

北極海カナダ海盆上層における炭酸カルシウム飽和度の季節変動

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IB1] 海氷域における生物地球化学的研究11月17日（火）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ