Post-World War Governance in Okinawa: Normalizing U.S. Military Exceptionalism

This study aims to investigate how the U.S. military presence has become possible and why the U.S. military bases have concentrated in Okinawa. Since 1945, the U.S. military and the Japanese government have maintained U.S. military bases in Okinawa. U.S. military accidents and soldiers’ crimes have been serious problems in Okinawa. Moreover, Okinawans have not been protected from military violence by adequate judicial measures for over a half century. I employ the analytical insights of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben to analyze archival and secondary documents and investigate historical and current U.S. military problems in Okinawa. Foucault’s insight allows me to analyze American rationalizing discourses and power relations that have contributed to the U.S. military presence and concentration on the Okinawa islands. The analytical insight of Giorgio Agamben is a useful reference to investigate juridical contradictions of U.S. military presence in Okinawa. I argue that the U.S. military and the Japanese government have attempted to make the American military presence in Okinawa legitimate through multiple tactics of governance. Given Okinawans’ persistent resistance against the U.S. military and the Japanese government, the U.S. military base presence does not seem wholly accepted in Okinawa. Nevertheless, the military burden has been imposed on Okinawans who are represented and treated by the U.S. military and the Japanese government as the insignificant “Other.” I argue that the analytical approaches that I develop in this study can be applicable to grasp patterns of modern domination in other cases of governance wherein political elites realize their interests by suspending the juridical rights of minority groups

Auto tuning of frequency on wireless power transfer for an electric vehicle

In these days, electric vehicles are enthusiastically researched as a countermeasure to air pollution, although these do not have practicality compared to gasoline-powered vehicles. The aim of this study is to transport energy wirelessly and efficiently to an electric vehicle. To accomplish this, we focused on frequency of an alternating current (AC) power supply, and suggested a method which determined the value of it constantly. In particular, a wireless power transfer circuit and a lithium-ion battery in an electric vehicle were expressed with an equivalent circuit, and efficiency of energy transfer was calculated. Furthermore, the optimal frequency which maximizes efficiency was found, and the behavior of voltage was demonstrated on a secondary circuit. Finally, we could obtain the larger electromotive force at the secondary inductor than an input voltage

Wireless power transfer to a micro implant device from outside of human body

This paper states wireless power transfer (WPT) from an AC power supply to a micro implant device in human body. At first, an equivalent circuit of WPT which contains biomedical tissue is constructed with an AC power supply, parasitic components, load resistance, and inductances. Then a state equation which stands for the behavior of circuit is found, and the expression of efficiency is derived as the ratio of the power of power supply and load. Finally an experiment is conducted based on the theoretical calculation, and the error between experimental and calculated result is computed and examined

Wireless power transfer using multiple-transmitters for high stability for position

The aim of this study is to optimize the system in the wireless power supply using multiple transmitters by algebraically analyzing the effects of both a circuit parameters and an axis displacement, etc. In addition to these analyses, the other aim is designing, producing and evaluating wireless charger with high stability for position. In the proposed method, we analyzed the situation in which three transmitters are used as power sources. It is turned out that the optimum arrangement of three transmitters is equilateral triangular from Biot-Savart law and circuit equation. In the experiment, transmitted power is measured when the receiver is moved on the vertical plane in regard to central axis of coils. It is confirmed that 4~4.5mW is transmitted at the face-to-face of transmitters and 2.4mW is transmitted at the center of transmitters

Colonic Paneth cell metaplasia is pre-neoplastic condition of colonic cancer or not?

BACKGROUND: The carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer has been accepted by a model for a cascade of genetic alterations, named the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In order to elucidate the carcinogenesis of the colorectal cancer more clearly, the genetic abnormalies of the non-neoplastic mucosal epithelium of the colon and rectum should be investigated. It has been speculated that colonic Paneth cell metaplasia (PaM) is one of the pre-neoplastic mucosa of colonic cancer. Therefore, we studied the propria mucosa of the right colon with PaM from the standpoints of the frequency of the K-ras codon 12 mutations (K-ras), which is initial genetic abnormality in colorectal cancer, and the loss of heterozygosity of microsatellite markers (LOH-MS), which has a relationship to development of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Fifty-two regions with PaM histopathologically from 12 surgically resected right colon specimens were studied. DNA extraction of the colonic mucosa with PaM was obtained using a microdissection method, and the frequency of the K-ras of PaM was investigated by enriched polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked mini-sequence assay, and the frequency of the LOH-MS (D2S123, D17S250 and D5S346) of PaM was examined by high resolution fluorescenced labeled PCR primers. RESULTS: K-ras mutation was detected in fifteen regions among 52 PaM (28.9%). All mutations were a single mutation and GGT changed to AGT in eleven and GAT in four. LOH-MS were detected in twenty-one regions among 52 PaM (40.4%) (D2S123: 35.4%, 17/48 regions, D17S250: 13.7%, 7/51 regions, and D5S346: 0%, 0/52 regions). No K-ras mutations and LOH-MS were detected in the controls (Colorectal mucosa with no PaM). CONCLUSIONS: Colonic mucosa with Paneth cell metaplasia may be one of the pre-neoplastic mucosa in the development of the colonic epithelial neoplasia

Experimental review of an improving system on wireless power transfer via auto tuning of frequency

Wireless power transfer for electric vehicles is focused because these vehicles cannot run long distance without frequently charging. If these vehicles are charged from outside wirelessly, for example an alternating current (AC) power supply is embed under road, the problem is going to be solved. However, efficiency of wireless power transfer depends on various factors, therefore many contrivances should be considered to realize optimal transfer. In this paper, we focused on frequency of inverter, and created auto tuning system of it in response to the distance of inductors. On this system, frequency was modified automatically by a microcontroller and sensor at the same time position of a load changed. Finally, we confirmed that voltage of light emitting diode (LED) was improved by utilizing our system compared with non-tuning frequency