Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is an organ-specific autoimmune disease targeting hair follicles. It causes nonscarring hair loss. The prevalence rate of the disease is approximately 1 in 1000 people worldwide. The condition is most commonly seen as circular areas of hair loss, but it may sometimes be as extensive as to involve the whole scalp or whole body. The complex pathophysiology of alopecia areata involves an autoimmune basis. Association of alopecia areata with other autoimmune diseases, such as thyroiditis and vitiligo, and the good response of patients to immunosuppressive treatment support an autoimmune etiology. Although some poor prognostic signs are defined, the course of the disease is unpredictable and the response to treatment can be variable. To date, there are neither preventive nor curative measures to deal with the condition. First-line therapy for patchy disease is topical and intralesional steroids, whereas extensive disease is conventionally managed with immunotherapy. New treatment agents, such as excimer laser, low-dose recombinant interleukin 2, Janus kinase inhibitors, and simvastatin/ezetimibe, are promising

Acne Rosacea

Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder with variable presentation and severity. Disease usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50 years. Women are more commonly affected than men. Rosacea is divided into four subtypes: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular, and one variant: lupoid or granulomatous rosacea. Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is manifested as flushing and persistent centrofacial erythema, and papulopustular rosacea as papules and pustules in a centrofacial distribution. With disease progression, phymas consisting of sebaceous gland hypertrophy can develop. Ocular rosacea can result in blepharitis and conjunctivitis. Diagnosis is made clinically. Management of rosacea consists of protective measures such as sun protection and gentle skin care and topical and systemic treatments to suppress inflammation and erythema

Physicochemical and Antioxidant Responses of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) under Drought Stress

This study investigated the effects of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical responses of the medicinal and aromatic plant Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort). Changes were determined in leaf length, relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and proline content as well as in the antioxidant system enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR). These responses were examined in relation to the tolerance of drought stress in H. perforatum. Ninety-day-old seedlings were subjected to drought for three weeks. The physiological parameters of leaf length, RWC, Fv/Fm, and osmotic potential were reduced under drought. The H2O2, TBARS, and proline levels were increased significantly under drought stress. Moreover, the proline content increase was greatly pronounced (25.9-fold) compared to the control groups. The high accumulation of proline may have resulted from the 83.8% leaf RWC still remaining under drought stress. On the other hand, the SOD, CAT, and GR enzyme activities were enhanced, whereas the POX and APX activities were reduced. The results indicate that improved tolerance to drought stress in H. perforatum plants may be accomplished through increased capacity of the antioxidative defense syste

Misconceptions in phenomenological research in educational administration: An analysis based

The present study intends to determine the ways followed and misconceptions held in the studies of phenomenological research design by analysing the theses in the field of educational administration. By using the database of the Turkish Council of Higher Education Thesis Center, forty master's and ten doctoral theses conducted between the years 2010-2017 in the field of education administration were reviewed and analysed methodologically. The results indicated that researchers did not benefit from international literature on phenomenological research, the aims and objectives of the theses were not appropriate for employing phenomenology, the study groups of the theses were structured in an unfavourable way, the interview questions used to collect data were not directed to the essence of experience, appropriate methods for the process of data analysis process were conducted, and the interpretation of the findings included problematic points. These misconceptions held in phenomenological research were mostly due to not dominating the philosophical underpinnings of phenomenology. Therefore, the researchers planning to conduct their research under the skin of phenomenology need to read enough about and to gain insights into the phenomenological research design before the beginning of their studies

Şeker Otu (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Bitkisinde Kuraklık Stresinin Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri

Kuraklık son yıllarda endişe verici bir şekilde artmakta olup tarımsal ürünlerin verimliliğini sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu durum, kurak koşullara dayanıklı bitkilerin tespit edilmesine yönelik araştırmaların önemini artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni bitkisine ait iki çeşidin (Yalova ve STF-4) kuraklık stresi altında fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal tepkileri araştırılmıştır. Bitkiler kontrollü sera koşullarında 3 ay boyunca yetiştirilmiş ve sonrasında 3 hafta boyunca kuraklığa maruz bırakılmıştır. Üç hafta sonunda hasat edilen bitkilerden yaprak uzunluğu, ozmotik potansiyel, nisbi su içeriği (RWC), klorofil floresansı (Fv/Fm), prolin miktarı, hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) miktarı ve lipid peroksidasyonu seviyesi ölçülmüştür. S. rebaudiana bitkisinin her iki çeşidinde de kuraklık stresi altında kontrol grubundaki bitkiler ile kıyaslandığında yaprak uzunluğunda azalma belirlenirken en çok azalma Yalova çeşidinde (%25,7) saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, her iki çeşit de kuraklık stresi altında su durumlarını korumuşlardır. Fv/Fm değeri STF-4 çeşidinde kuraklıktan etkilenmezken Yalova çeşidinde kontrole oranla düşüş göstermiştir. Prolin miktarında ise çeşitler arasında fark kaydedilmiştir. Kurak koşullar altında STF-4 çeşidinde prolin miktarında değişim gözlenmezken Yalova çeşidinde %42,9 artış meydana gelmiştir. Diğer taraftan, kuraklık stresi, yapraklardaki lipid peroksidasyon seviyesini önemli ölçüde arttırmıştır. Bu artış, Yalova çeşidinde %41,2 iken STF-4 çeşidinde %21,1 olarak belirlenmiştir. İki çeşit arasında kuraklık stresine karşı farklı tepki H2O2 içeriğinde gözlenmiştir. Kuraklık stresi altında H2O2 miktarı Yalova çeşidinde %42,7 oranında azalırken STF-4 çeşidinde %5,5 artmıştır. Sonuç olarak, S. rebaudiana bitkisinin STF-4 çeşidinin ölçülen parametreler ışığında kuraklığa daha toleranslı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur

Biofabrication of in situ self assembled 3D cell cultures in a weightlessness environment generated using magnetic levitation

Magnetic levitation though negative magnetophoresis is a novel technology to simulate weightlessness and has recently found applications in material and biological sciences. Yet little is known about the ability of the magnetic levitation system to facilitate biofabrication of in situ three dimensional (3D) cellular structures. Here, we optimized a magnetic levitation though negative magnetophoresis protocol appropriate for long term levitated cell culture and developed an in situ 3D cellular assembly model with controlled cluster size and cellular pattern under simulated weightlessness. The developed strategy outlines a potential basis for the study of weightlessness on 3D living structures and with the opportunity for real-time imaging that is not possible with current ground-based simulated weightlessness techniques. The low-cost technique presented here may offer a wide range of biomedical applications in several research fields, including mechanobiology, drug discovery and developmental biology.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (215S862

Comparison of Ultrasonography and Cystoscopy in the Evaluation of Hematuria

Objective:Every day, many patients visit hospital due to hematuria. Ultrasonography and/or cystoscopy are performed in the initial evaluation and management. In this study, we compared ultrasonography and cystoscopy in the evaluation of microscopic or macroscopic hematuria.Materials and Methods:A total of 55 patients, who presented to our clinic with the complaint of hematuria between July 2016 and October 2017, were enrolled in this study. After obtaining informed consent, the patients were directed to urinary ultrasonography and cystoscopy for the evaluation of hematuria.Results:Ultrasonography showed 45 (81.8%) normal bladder and 10 (18.2%) masses, and cystoscopy detected 39 (70.9%) normal bladder and 16 (29.1%) masses in the bladder (p=0.001). Ultrasonography was able to report only 8 (50%) of 16 masses detected via cystoscopy. Two (20%) of 10 masses reported by ultrasonography were not confirmed through cystoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in detecting and excluding masses in the bladder were calculated to be 50% and 94.9%, respectively. Ultrasonography failed to detect lesions at the posterior, dome and right side and bladder neck. The cut-off value for blood cell count in urine to refer the patient to a cystoscopy procedure was detected to be 15 with 60% sensitivity and 50% specificity.Conclusion:With low sensitivity, ultrasonography could not offer enough knowledge about the bladder masses as sufficient as cystoscopy

Scientific Publication Map of Journals Published in the Field of Educational Sciences in Turkey: An Analysis Impact Factors of Journals

Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de eğitim bilimleri alanında yayımlanan bilimsel dergilerin atıf analizlerinin ve etki faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 32 hakemli bilimsel dergide 2005- 2014 yılları arasında yayımlanan 7681 makale üzerinden kapsamlı bir atıf analizi yapılmış ve sonrasında ise her bir dergiye ilişkin etki faktörleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri kaynağı olarak kullanılan dergilerin belirlenmesinde, dergilerin kapsamı ve isimlerinde ‘eğitim’, ‘öğretim’, ‘eğitim bilimleri’, ‘öğretmen eğitimi’ ve ‘öğretmen yetiştirme’ sözcükleri olması ölçüt olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen 7681 makale ve 15052 atıfa ilişkin her veriye bir kod numarası verilmiş ve daha sonra veri temizleme ve düzeltme işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada bibliyometrik ve etki faktörü analizleri öncesinde makalelerin yıllara ve dergilere göre dağılımları için frekans (f) ve yüzde (%) değerleri hesaplanarak tanımlayıcı istatistikler üretilmiş, dergilerin etki faktörlerinin belirlenmesi için etki faktörü katsayısından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada kapsamında incelenen makalelerde en fazla atıf yapılan ilk üç dergi, (i) Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (ii) Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri ve (iii) Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi’dir. Araştırma kapsamında ele alınan eğitim bilimleri dergilerinin 2014 yılı etki faktörü katsayısı incelendiği zaman, en yüksek etki faktörü katsayısına sahip dergilerin (i) Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, (ii) Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi ve (iii) Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi olduğu saptanmıştır.In this study, it is aimed to determine the reference analysis of scientific journal published in educational sciences field in Turkey and their impact factors. In accordance with this purpose, a detailed reference analysis was made on 7681 articles published in 32 peer- reviewed scientific journal between 2005-2014 and then impact factor of each journal was determined. While deciding the journals to be used as data source in the study, the criteria was that contents and names of journals should have the words ‘education’, ‘instruction’, ‘educational sciences’, ‘teacher education’, and ‘teacher training’. A code number was given to each data of 7681 articles and 15052 references which was taken within the scope of the study and data removing and correction procedures were followed. Before bibliometric and impact factor analysis, descriptive analysis were conducted to measure frequencies (f) and percent (%) values of the articles by years and journals and impact factor coefficient was used to assess the impact factors. . The first three journals that are most referred in the articles which were investigated within the scope of the study are: (i) Hacettepe University Journal of Education, (ii) Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice (iii) Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences. When the year 2014 impact factor coefficients of the journals in the study were investigated, the highest impact factor coefficients were seen in (i) Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, (ii) Educational Administration: Theory & Practice and (iii) The Journal of Theoretical Educational Science

Efficiency measurement of airports in Turkey by stochastic frontier analysis

Stokastik sınır analizi, karar verme birimlerinin etkinliğini ölçmede kullanılan parametrik bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı stokastik sınır analizi yöntemiyle Türkiye'deki havalimanlarının etkinliğinin ölçülmesidir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde performans, etkinlik, verimlilik vb. temel kavramlar tanıtılmış sonrasında etkinlik ölçme yöntemlerine kısaca yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde stokastik sınır analizine ayrıntılı şekilde yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise Türkiye'de yer alan havalimanlarının etkinlik ölçümü stokastik sınır analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren havalimanlarının etkinliği parametrik bir yöntem olan stokastik sınır analizi ile ölçülmüştür. Çalışmada Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi istatistik yıllığından elde edilen veriler kullanılarak 2013, 2014 ve 2015 yılları analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada yolcu sayısı çıktı olarak kullanılırken ticari uçak sayısı, personel sayısı ve check-in kontuar sayısı girdi olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, analiz elde edilen bütün yıllar için veri elde edilememesi ve yeni faaliyete geçen havalimanlarından dolayı analiz edilen havalimanları bütün yıllarda aynı değildir. İktisadi faaliyetler içerisinde üretim faaliyetlerini temsilen çeşitli fonksiyonlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada üretim fonksiyonlarından Cobb-Douglas üretim fonksiyonu kullanılmıştır. Modele ait parametre katsayıları, katsayıların anlamlılığına ilişkin t değerleri ve etkinlik sonuçları FRONTIER 4.1 bilgisayar programı yardımıyla hesaplanmıştır. Cobb-Douglas üretim fonksiyonu sonuçları incelendiğinde analiz edilen tüm yıllarda uçak sayısı ve personel sayısı parametrelerinin katsayıları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunurken check-in kontuar sayısı parametresi hiçbir yılda anlamlı bulunamamıştır. İncelenen tüm yıllarda modelde Isparta Süleyman Demirel Havalimanı ilk sırada yer almıştır. Son sıralarda Uşak, Siirt, Tokat, Kocaeli Cengiz Topel havalimanlarının yer aldığı görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Etkinlik, Stokastik Sınır Analizi, Cobb-Douglas Üretim Fonksiyonu, HavalimanıStochastic frontier analysis is a parametric method used to measure efficiency of decision making units. The aim of this study is to measure efficiency of airports operating in Turkey by stochastic frontier analysis. In the first chapter of study, basic concepts such as performance, productivity and efficiency are introduced and then efficiency measurement methods are included shortly. In the second chapter, stochastic frontier analysis is explained in detail. In the third chapter, efficiency measurement of airport operating in Turkey is examined by stochastic frontier analysis. In this study, efficiency measurement of Turkish airports is carried out by stochastic frontier analysis, a parametric method. The study is carried out for 2013, 2014 and 2015 data obtained by State Airports Management annual reports. In the study, the number of passenger is used as output while number of commercial airliner; number of staff and number of check-in are used as inputs. In the study, all analyzed airports aren't same due to missing data and newly launched airports through all years. There are several economic functions used to represent the productive activity. In this study Cobb-Douglas production function is used out of production functions. Parameter coefficients about model, t values with regard to significance of coefficients and efficiency scores are obtained by FRONTIER 4.1 computer program. When Cobb-Douglas production function results examined, commercial airliner number and staff number parameters are found statistically significant while check-in counter number parameter isn't found statistically significant at any model analyzed. Isparta Süleyman Demirel Airport takes the first rank at all years analyzed. It is observed that Uşak, Siirt, Tokat, Cengiz Topel Airports take the last rankings. Keywords: Efficiency, Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Cobb-Douglas Production Function, Airpor