EXAMINING THE LEVELS OF ACADEMIC MOTIVATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS DOING SPORTS – THE CASE OF BURDUR, TURKEY

The purpose of this study is to determine the Academic Motivation levels of students participating in secondary school sports activities by considering some variables. In this study, the Academic Motivation Scale developed by Bozanoğlu in 2004 was applied to 200 students from different secondary schools located in the city center of Burdur. At the end of the study, it was observed that the level of academic motivation of secondary school students who did sports had significant difference in terms of age, gender, class and vocational high school. In addition, there was no significant difference between doing licensed sports and sports branches. The results of the analyses showed that male students who did sports had higher levels of academic motivation than girls. The obtained data were supported by various sources in the literature. Although it is confirmed in the analysis results that doing sports has effects on academic motivation levels, it needs to be investigated in terms of other factors affecting the level of academic motivation.  Article visualizations

Scintigraphic imaging in pediatric urinary tract ınfections

Üriner sistem enfeksiyonu (ÜSE), çocuklarda sık görülen bir hastalıktır. Enfeksiyonda renal parankimin tutulumu ile geri dönüþümsüz skarlar geliþebileceğinden ÜSE'de erken tanı ve tedavi önemlidir. Akut pyelonefrit (APN) genellikle klinik ve laboratuvar bulgulara dayanarak tanı almaktadır. Ultrasonografi yapısal böbrek anomalileri, obstruksiyon, taþ gibi patolojileri belirleme açısından ÜSE tanısında genellikle ilk olarak yapılan görüntüleme modalitesidir. Miksiyon Sistoüretrografi (MSUG), üriner enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda yüksek oranda bulunabilen vesikoüretral reflülerin (VUR) saptanmasında kullanılan asıl tanı yöntemidir. Tc99m dimerkaptosüksinik asit (DMSA) renal kortikal sintigrafi, akut pyelonefritte enfeksiyonu lokalize etmede ve renal skarların tanısında altın standart yöntemdir. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET ve iþaretli lökosit sintigrafisinin rolü renal kist enfeksiyonları ile sınırlıdır ve ÜSE'de seçilmesi gereken nükleer tıp tetkiki DMSA sintigrafisidir.Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease of childhood. Infection with involvement of the renal parenchyma could lead to irreversible scarring so early diagnosis and treatment are important. Diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is usually based on clinical and laboratory data. Ultrasound is usually the first imaging modality in the diagnosis of UTI in terms of determining pathology such as renal structural abnormalities, obstruction and stone. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is the method of choice to determine vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which can be found highly in patients with urinary tract infection. Tc99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal cortical scintigraphy is the gold standard method for localizing infection in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis and renal scars. The role of the Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and labeled leukocyte scintigraphy is limited to the renal cyst infections and DMSA scintigraphy is the nuclear medicine technique should be chosen for evaluation of UTI

Technetium-99m tetrofosmin uptake in lung cancers: A comparative study with thallium-201

Tc-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-99m TF) bir miyokard perfüzyon ajanıdır. Bu çalışmada Tc-99m TF'nin akciğer kanserlerinin görüntülenmesindeki potansiyel değeri talyum-201 (T1-201) ile karşılaştırılarak araştırılmıştır. Cerrahi uygulanamayan malign lezyonlu 16 hasta ve benign (infeksiyöz) lezyonlu 5 hasta, her iki ajanla aynı gün içinde görüntülenmiştir. Elde edilen görüntülerde, radyolojik olarak gösterilmiş lezyonlardaki aktivite lokalizasyonları görsel olarak ve normal karşı taraf akciğer ile oranlama (L/K) yöntemiyle semikantitatif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Görsel olarak ikisi dışında tüm malign lezyonlarda, her iki ajanın benzer biçimde belirgin-orta derecede tutulduğu görülmüştür. Lezyon sınırları ve santral nekrotik alanlar TF görüntülemesinde daha net olarak izlenmiştir. Malign lezyonlarda lezyon aktivitesi/karşı taraf normal akciğer aktivitesi oranları T1-201 için 1.38±0.16, Tc-99m TF için 1.47±0.21 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Benign lezyonlarda bu oranlar 1.17±0.21 ve 1.26±0.27'dir. Malign ve benign lezyonların ortalama oranları arasındaki farklar her iki ajan için istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (T1-201 için p<0.025, Tc-99m TF için p<0.05). Bulgularımız Tc-99m TF'nin akciğer kanserlerinin görüntülenmesinde değerli olduğunu ve tanı ve tedavi izleminde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.Tc-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-99m TF) is a myocardial perfusion agent. We investigated the potential role of Tc-99m TF for the imaging of lung cancers in comparison to thallium-201 (T1-201). Sixteen patients with histologically proven malignant lesions and five patients with benign (infectious) lesions of the lung were studied using a same-day protocol. Planar images were obtained 15 minutes after injection of 2-3 mCi T1-201 and 20 and 60 minutes after injection of 20-25 mCi Tc-99m TF. Visual and semi-quantitative analyses were performed to evaluate the localization of activity in the radiologically demonstrated lesion in comparison to the contralateral normal lung. Visually, all malignant lesions but two demonstrated moderate-to markedly increased uptake of both tracers similarly. Lesion boundaries and central necrotic areas were better defined on most of the Tc-99m TF images. In malignant lesions, the lesion/contralateral normal lung activity ratios were 1.38&plusmn;0.16 and 1.47&plusmn;0.21 (mean&plusmn;SD) on T1-201 and Tc-99m TF studies, respectively. In benign lesions, these ratios were 1.17&plusmn;0.21 and 1.26&plusmn;0.27. The differences in mean ratios of malignant and benign lesions were statistically significant for both tracers (p&lt;0.025 for T1-201, p&lt;0.05 for Tc-99m TF). We conclude that tumor avidity of Tc-99m TF is similar to that of T1-201 in lung cancers and may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of lung tumors

Prognostic impact of the F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography metabolic parameters and correlation with hematological inflammatory markers in lung cancer

Introduction: Hematological inflammatory markers and metabolic parameters in positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are important indicators predicting the prognosis of the disease in lung cancer as in many cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between pretreatment hematological inflammatory markers and PET/CT metabolic parameters in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to predict the prognostic value of these parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 132 patients with diagnosed NSCLC who underwent PET/CT at staging were retrospectively evaluated. Hematological parameters were obtained from the hemogram taken no more than 2 weeks prior to PET/CT. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) were recorded. Maximum standard uptake value, SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated. Clinical stage, tumor pathology, and overall survival were analyzed with these parameters. Results: NLR and PLR were significantly positively correlated with MTV and TLG (all P < 0.001), MPV was negatively correlated with TLG (P = 0.021). While TLG, MTV, NLR, and PLR were increased in advanced stage disease, MPV was decreased. Univariate Cox-regression analysis demonstrated that greater age (P = 0.015), advanced stage (P < 0.001), low MPV (P = 0.017), high NLR (P < 0.001), PLR (P < 0.001), MTV (P = 0.004), TLG (P = 0.001) values, multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that NLR (P < 0.001) and advanced stage (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Conclusions: There were significant associations between hematological inflammatory markers and PET/CT metabolic parameters in the patients with NSCLC at the time of diagnosis. These indicators can contribute to predicting prognosis in patients with NSCLC