Sociocultural aspects influences of globaliztion on youth

The article is devoted to analysis of the sociocultural globalization essential features. Based on date of the conducted sociological survey the author studies the impact of this process on the young people in local society.В статье анализируются основные составляющиеся процесса социокультурной глобализации. На основе проведенного социологического исследования рассмотрено влияние данного процесса на молодежь в условиях локального сообщества

X-ray film chamber with carbon target of Tien-Shan complex array

X-ray films were exposed inside the ionization calorimeter under 74g/sq cm of carbon and 5 cm of lead. The X-ray film chamber area is 35 sq. m. Moving X-ray films were used, 50% of the events, which succeeded to determine incidence time, were identified with corresponding extensive air showers (EAS). For such events the size spectrum of associated EAS was derived. Two methods of energy measurement using X-ray films and ionization calorimeter were compared. The energy transfer from selected hadron to electromagnetic component is illustrated. It is found that in cascades with high energy release into electromagnetic components the hadron component is practically absent

Hydrogen’s effect on the shape memory effect of TiNi alloy single crystals

Hydrogen’s effect on the shape memory effect (SME) of [117]-oriented Ti49.7-Ni50.3 (at.%) alloy single crystals, with a B2–B190 martensitic transformation (MT), was studied after being electrolytically hydrogenated at a current density of 1500 A/m2 for 3 h at room temperature under isobaric tensile deformation. It was shown that, under the used hydrogenation regime, hydrogen was in a solid solution and lowered the elastic modulus of B190 martensite. The hydrogen in a solid solution increased (i) the yield strength 0.1 of the initial B2 phase by 100 MPa at Md temperature, (ii) the 0.1 of the stress-induced B2–B190 MT by 25 MPa at Ms temperature, and (iii) the plasticity of B190 martensite relative to the hydrogen-free crystals. At the same level of external stresses, the SME in the hydrogenated crystals was greater than that in hydrogen-free crystals. At external tensile stresses ex = 200 MPa, the SME was 4.4 0.2% in the hydrogenated crystals and 1.8 0.2% without hydrogen. Hydrogen initiated a two-way SME of 0.5 0.2% at ex = 0 MPa, which was absent in the hydrogen-free crystals. The physical reasons leading to an increase in the SME upon hydrogenation are discussed

High-temperature superelasticity and shape memory effect in [0 1 1]B2-oriented single crystals of the (TiZrHf)50Ni25Cu15Co10 high-entropy alloy

Superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME) of [0 1 1]B2-oriented single crystals in B2-phase of the (TiZrHf)50Ni25Cu15Co10 high-entropy alloy (at.%), with B2-B19′ martensitic transformation, have been studied in the post-growth state under compression. It is shown that SE is observed within a wide temperature range of T = Ms = 404 K to 528 K. The maximum SE value is 4.4 %, and the SME reaches 4.3–4.7 %

Postdocs in Russia: Peculiarities of Employment and Incentives

The article presents the results of the author’s research aimed at identifying the peculiarities of employment of postdocs, a relatively new labor category for the Russian academic labor market. Due to several difficulties associated with forming a sample of postdocs (difficulty in identifying key persons responsible for the development of postdoctoral programs; direct, but not always justified, refusals to provide data, difficulties in identifying potential respondents due to their occupation of various scientific positions in Russian universities), the “snowball” method was used. As a result, the empirical basis of the study was formed based on the results of an online survey of 44 postdocs. As part of the study, tasks related to compiling a socio-economic portrait of a postdoc based on economic, socio-demographic characteristics and indicators of research efficiency, identifying the characteristics of the employment and placement experience of postdocs, objective factors and individual motives for making decisions in the field of choosing postdoctoral programs were solved, as well as diagnostics of tools and channels for young researchers to search for vacancies. The authors distinguish between types of academic mobility (educational and labor) and consider postdoctoral studies as a promising form of external labor academic mobility aimed at attracting and retaining high-potential young researchers planning a long-term career in the academic labor market.Shifting the emphasis from the inbreeding model of university development (internal labor mobility) to the model of external labor academic mobility of young specialists allows those universities that can effectively manage the flow of academic human capital to receive additional socio-economic preferences and return on investment. There are very few similar empirical studies that analyze the features of the development of postdoctoral institutions in Russia and abroad and are based on quantitative and qualitative data from surveys of direct participants in external labor academic mobility – postdocs, which determines the scientific novelty and practical value of the proposed results

CREEP OF POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE UNDER VARIOUS LOADING CONDITIONS

This article contains results of experimental research of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) deformation and creep under linear and plane stresses. During the tests predetermined values of real stresses considering current deformation were constant. The equation of mechanical states considering instant elastic, viscoelastic, instant plastic and viscoplastic components of total deformation was obtained. The equation is used for the description of PTFE deformations (F-4, F-4D, F-4D0) under stationary and non-stationary cyclic loads in flat stress condition with an application of material constant volume condition, condition of similarity of deviators of stresses and deformations and with the input of parameters which are functions of the form of stress deviators. The results of PTFE creep investigation under real stresses reaching ultimate values are relevant and unique