THE EFFECT OF THE LANGUAGE OF THOUGHT ON PRIVATE SPEECH PRODUCTION

Investigations into the application of foreign language to mediate psychological activity have produced contradictory results. The present paper reports two experiments designed to examine the influence of L1 and L2 on cognitive regulation and private speech production. Results indicate the important role that L1 plays in cognitive reasoning of the participants. Advanced participants, however, had significantly better performance when they used L2 for mental activity.  The language used for self-rgulation though, did not seem to relate to the amount of private speech produced. More proficient participants, on the other hand, seemed to produce qualitatively different kinds of L2 private speech. These findings indicate that it is necessary to consider quality, not just quantity, when studying constructs such as cognitive regulation, private speech production and the relations between them. In addition, findings have important practical implications for both language learners and instructors in creating more constructive language learning environments

Validity and reliability of physical education teachers' beliefs and intentions toward teaching students with disabilities (TBITSD) questionnaire 1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Validity and reliability of TBITSD questionnaire which developed based on TpB guidance by Jeong & Block (2008). The participants consisted of a number of 227 full-time PE teachers in public schools in Tehran. Cronbach's alpha test was used to measure the internal consistency, and stability over time was examined by test-retest for each components. Reliabilities were adequate and reported respectively, from 0.75 to 0.92 and 0.74 to 0.90. Construct validity for the TBITSD was examined by performing confirmatory factor analysis and acceptable model fit was indicated by a CFI, NFI and GFI value from 0.84 to 0.95. Also, RMSEA values of direct measures 0.074 and indirect measures 0.048 indicated acceptable construct validity. Therefore, the TBITSD questionnaire had acceptable to good Validity and reliability

Effect of acid–base properties on design of catalyst for methanol thiolation: A review

Reducing the concentration and strength of Lewis acid sites together with increasing the basic properties of catalysts has been found to enhance selectivity toward the desired methanethiol product. Weak acid and strong base Lewis acid–base pairs are the key to catalyst design. A review of the history of research on catalysts shows that the main catalysts that have been studied are metal oxides and zeolites. Alumina was the most important and widely used base for a long period. It was commonly impregnated with alkali metals and tungsten. Nevertheless, newer research studies have proved that alumina can be replaced with TiO2. Tungsten has been found to be ineffective in the design of new catalysts. Furthermore, new research studies have focused on increasing the dispersion of impregnated alkali metals together with manipulating the acid–base properties of catalysts

Effect of acid–base properties on design of catalyst for methanol thiolation: A review

Reducing the concentration and strength of Lewis acid sites together with increasing the basic properties of catalysts has been found to enhance selectivity toward the desired methanethiol product. Weak acid and strong base Lewis acid–base pairs are the key to catalyst design. A review of the history of research on catalysts shows that the main catalysts that have been studied are metal oxides and zeolites. Alumina was the most important and widely used base for a long period. It was commonly impregnated with alkali metals and tungsten. Nevertheless, newer research studies have proved that alumina can be replaced with TiO2. Tungsten has been found to be ineffective in the design of new catalysts. Furthermore, new research studies have focused on increasing the dispersion of impregnated alkali metals together with manipulating the acid–base properties of catalysts

The Predictive Factors of Job Performance in Nurses' Moral Distress

Introduction: Moral distress is one of the most complex ethical problems for nurses working in Intensive Care Units. Desired job performance of the nurse guarantees the quality of health care provided to patients and is an important factor in accelerating the process of treatment and recovery of patients. This study was conducted to investigate the predictive factors of job performance in nurses' moral distress. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, in which 256 nurses working in ICU wards of private and public hospitals of Qazvin province (from January to March 2019) were selected through convenience sampling method. Demographic characteristics questionnaire, Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance and Modified Moral Distress Scale-Revised were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression model test in SPSS 22. Results: The results showed that the mean score of nurses' moral distress was 171.37±55.63. In multivariate linear regression model, only educational dimension of job performance in both frequency (β=-26.37, P=0.001) and quality (β =-76.15, P=0.025) correlated significantly with moral distress. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, educational dimension of job performance is a predictive factor for moral distress. Therefore, steps can be taken to reduce moral distress inclinical settings, such as the use of nurses with specialized training in Intensive Care Units, paying special attention to teaching ethical issues in nursing centers and holding retraining courses for nurses. Keywords: Job performance, Moral distress, Nursin

The Farsi version of the Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report (JAMAR)

The Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report (JAMAR) is a new parent/patient reported outcome measure that enables a thorough assessment of the disease status in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We report the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the parent and patient versions of the JAMAR in the Farsi language. The reading comprehension of the questionnaire was tested in 10 JIA parents and patients. Each participating centre was asked to collect demographic, clinical data and the JAMAR in 100 consecutive JIA patients or all consecutive patients seen in a 6-month period and to administer the JAMAR to 100 healthy children and their parents. The statistical validation phase explored descriptive statistics and the psychometric issues of the JAMAR: the three Likert assumptions, floor/ceiling effects, internal consistency, Cronbach\u2019s alpha, interscale correlations, test\u2013retest reliability, and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity). A total of 102 JIA patients (14.7% systemic JIA, 67.6% oligoarticular, 15.7% RF negative polyarthritis, 2.0% other categories) and 198 healthy children, were enrolled in three paediatric rheumatology centres. Notably, none of the enrolled JIA patients is affected with enthesitis-related arthritis or undifferentiated arthritis. The JAMAR components discriminated healthy subjects from JIA patients. All JAMAR components revealed satisfactory psychometric performances. In conclusion, the Farsi version of the JAMAR is a valid tool for the assessment of children with JIA and is suitable for use both in routine clinical practice and clinical research

A new scheme of symmetric multilevel inverter with reduced number of circuit devices

In this paper, a sophisticated configuration for symmetric multilevel voltage source inverters is proposed. In multilevel inverters, the costs, circuit size so installation space, complexness of control scheme and reliability are directly depended to the amount of circuit devices required. The provided comparison study among proposed inverter, CHB and recently introduced converters, validates that the proposed inverter reduces the requirements for circuit devices, including power semi-conductor switches, IGBTs, diodes, gate driver circuits and DC voltage sources. The given simulation results confirms the feasibleness of the projected modular structure. Also, to approve the practicality of the proposed inverter, a prototype of the proposed topology has been implemented. Finally simulation and experimental results are compared with one another and therefore the provided comparison shows that the obtained results are in sensible agreements

Validity of Self-reported Hypertension and Factors Related to Discordance Between Self-reported and Objectively Measured Hypertension: Evidence From a Cohort Study in Iran

Objectives Self-reporting can be used to determine the incidence and prevalence of hypertension (HTN). The present study was conducted to determine the validity of self-reported HTN and to identify factors affecting discordance between self-reported and objectively measured HTN in participants in the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort. Methods The RaNCD cohort included permanent residents of Ravansar, Iran aged 35-65 years. Self-reported data were collected before clinical examinations were conducted by well-trained staff members. The gold standard for HTN was anti-hypertensive medication use and blood pressure measurements. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy of self-reporting were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the discordance between self-reported HTN and the gold standard. Results Of the 10 065 participants in the RaNCD, 4755 (47.4%) were male. The prevalence of HTN was 16.8% based on self-reporting and 15.7% based on medical history and HTN measurements. Of the participants with HTN, 297 (18.8%) had no knowledge of their disease, and 313 (19.9%) had not properly controlled their HTN despite receiving treatment. The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa for self-reported HTN were 75.5%, 96.4%, and 73.4%, respectively. False positives became more likely with age, body mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status, and female sex, whereas false negatives became more likely with age, BMI, high socioeconomic status, smoking, and urban residency. Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported HTN were acceptable, suggesting that this method can be used for public health initiatives in the absence of countrywide HTN control and detection programs

Oxford-MEST classification in IgA nephropathy patients: A report from Iran.

BACKGROUND There is a limited knowledge about the morphological features of IgA nephropathy (IgAN)in the middle east region. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of histopathological findings in IgAN patients at our laboratory. PATIENTS AND METHODS At this work, an observational study reported which was conducted on IgAN patients using the Oxford-MEST classification system. RESULTS In this survey, of 102 patients 71.6 % were male. The mean age of the patients was 37.7 ± 13.6 years. Morphologic variables of MEST classification was as follows; M1: 90.2 %, E: 32 %, S: 67 % also,T in grads I and II were in 30% and 19% respectively, while 51% were in grade zero. A significant difference was observed in segmental glomerulosclerosis (P=0.003) and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy frequency distribution (P= 0.045), between males and females . Furthermore, it was found that mesangial hypercellularity was more prevalent in yonger patients. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between serum creatinine and crescents (P<0.001). There was also significant correlation of serum creatinine with segmental glomerulosclerosis (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher prevalence of segmental glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis/ tubular atrophy, as the two of, four variables of Oxford-MEST classification of IgAN in male patients further attests that male gender is a risk factor in this disease.In this study the significant correlation between serum creatinine and crescent was in an agreement with previous studies and suggests for the probable accomodation of extracapillary proliferation as a new variable in MEST system