Intraurban Variability of Ambient Particulate Matter

An understanding of spatial and temporal variability in ambient particulate matter: PM) is important for effective air quality management and for assessing potential exposure misclassification in epidemiological and exposure studies used to support health-based standards. Spatiotemporal variability of PM in urban areas can be influenced by many factors, such as local sources of primary PM; source locations and their emission profiles; topographic barriers; meteorological patterns; behavior of semi-volatile components; and measurement errors. Intraurban variability is often gauged by conducting measurements at a network of monitoring stations across the region of interest. While certain statistical metrics are commonly used and interpreted in a relative sense across site-pairs, there is no standardized framework for analyzing such datasets. This dissertation presents systematic data analysis approaches applicable to a variety of monitoring networks for assessing intraurban variability in PM and its components. Interpreting patterns in statistical metrics for a network with a large number of sites can be particularly challenging, and calculating these metrics for each site with respect to a reference concentration time series may better reveal the variability. In the absence of a representative background site, the network itself can be utilized to generate baseline and site-specific excess concentration time series to semi-quantitatively differentiate urban- and larger-scale contributions from local-scale emissions. Utilizing this approach for interpretation of patterns in the statistical metrics provides insights into the factors influencing the baseline and the monitoring sites displaying greater variability. Apportionment of measured concentrations at each site into baseline and site-specific excess concentrations towards refined application of wind regression tools for estimating local emission source regions are also discussed. The approach is also utilized for identifying meteorological and geographic factors that modulate the spatial and temporal PM trends. It also provides a weight-of-evidence to conventional source apportionment tools used for estimating local and regional source impacts. The strengths and limitations of the proposed approaches are discussed for a variety of networks measuring PM and/or its components on varying spatial and temporal scales. Issues regarding measurement uncertainty estimation and precision in data reporting which can influence interpretation of variability are also discussed

Source and Control of Hydrocarbon Pollution

Hydrocarbon contamination is of great worry because of their widespread effect on all forms of life. Pollution caused by increasing the use of crude oil is ordinary because of its extensive application and its related transport and dumping problems. Crude oil contains a complex mixture of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds. Soil naturally consists of heavy metals, and due to human action like refining of oil and use of pesticides, their concentration in soil is rising. Several areas have such high heavy metal and metalloid concentration that surrounding natural ecosystem has been badly affected. The reason is that heavy metals and metalloids limit microbe’s activity rendering it unsuitable for hydrocarbon degradation, thus reducing its effectiveness. Environmental remediation is thus extremely necessary and involves with the elimination of pollutants from soil, air, and water. In the last several decades, different methods have been employed and applied for the cleanup of our environment which includes mechanical, chemical, and biochemical remediation methods. The hydrocarbon pollution consists of many aspects like oil spills, fossil fuels, organic pollutants like aromatics, etc. that are discussed below

Self-Harm Prevention Based On Social Platforms User Data Using Naive Bayes Classifier

With the spread of the Internet i.e. World Wide Web, the social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google+ are also in bloom, these social networking sites are not only used by the youth but also been used by the experts to analysis the need, emotion, feeling, comments of the user over the network where user comments directly reflect their state of mind and are widely used in emotion AI. The analysis of the user comments is also used by an analyst to post advertisement over the homepage of a user or make a suggestion of the products, by analysing likes and dislikes of the person. The mental health of a person can also be predicted by analysing the comments made by the user over social media.In this paper, we use naive Bayes classifier for analysing user tweets related to self-harm on Twitter for detection and prevention of self-harm tendencies of the user. The results obtained from the work are promising and can be quite helpful in the development of a system that can be used for prevention of self-harm tendencies in persons using data retrieved from social platforms

Caries sicca: tuberculosis of glenohumeral joint

Tuberculosis is quite common in India. Shoulder tuberculosis although rare among the skeletal tuberculosis needs to be kept in mind for diagnosis and proper treatment of cases of Carries Sicca. Twenty year old female presented with non traumatic pain in right shoulder with severe restriction of shoulder Range of Movements (ROM), not responding to treatment. On detailed examination turned out to be a case of Caries Sicca. Thorough debridement along with sufficient immobilization and Anti Tubercular Treatment (ATT) gives excellent results. High suspicion is needed to diagnose the cases of Carries Sicca. Early diagnosis and proper treatment gives wonderful results. Only ATT with or without immobilization and debridement are sufficient enough in majority of cases

A variable-frequency HFQPO in GRS 1915+105 as observed with Astrosat

From the analysis of more than 92 ks of data obtained with the laxpc instrument on board Astrosat we have detected a clear high-frequency QPO whose frequency varies between 67.4 and 72.3 Hz. In the classification of variability classes of GRS 1915+105, at the start of the observation period the source was in class omega and at the end the variability was that of class mu: both classes are characterized by the absence of hard intervals and correspond to disk-dominated spectra. After normalization to take into account time variations of the spectral properties as measured by X-ray hardness, the QPO centroid frequency is observed to vary along the hardness-intensity diagram, increasing with hardness. We also measure phase lags that indicate that HFQPO variability at high energies lags that at lower energies and detect systematic variations with the position on the hardness-intensity diagram. This is the first time that (small) variations of the HFQPO frequency and lags are observed to correlate with other properties of the source. We discuss the results in the framework of existing models, although the small (7%) variability observed is too small to draw firm conclusions.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures; Accepted in MNRAS. Some figures are at lower resolution than journal versio

Stock Market Analysis of 10 Different Countries in the Period of Disease COVID-19

Our effort is to analyze the effect of the rampant over the economies of 10 affected nations by studying their stock market values during the COVID-19 episode. We have endowed the nations with their respective stock markets stated in brackets - Brazil(Ibovespa), Canada (S&P/TSX Composite), France (AEX), Germany (DAX 30), India (NIFTY 50), Italy (FTSE MIB), Russia (IMOEX), Spain (IBEX 35), U.K. (FTSE 100), U.S.A. (DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE). We have gathered the indices of stock per country from 2 March to 23rd June, collected from official website of respective stocks. In order to collect data, we had to inculcate the fundamental lessons of Statistics. R-software aided us to plot the curves of stock values providing an ease to master our project. We also formulated a Python 3.7 language program code to solidify analysis on various aspects of economy of the countries and comparison between these aspects