The Family of Man in Japan: A Photographic Exhibition for World Peace and Atomic Culture in the 1950s

The ambitious exhibition The Family of Man, which made the popular culture of press photography an American modern art, is well known for touring around fifty countries during the Cold War and attracting nine million people. As a path-breaking case of the globalization of art exhibitions, historical studies on its reception in each country are ongoing. This paper reconsidered the Japan tour of The Family of Man between 1956 and 1957. It is noteworthy that it attracted one million visitors in a country and that the immediate removal of some photographs of the atomic bombing on Nagasaki, which were specially added to the installation, caused controversy. This paper investigated the press and criticisms on the removal and characterized the reception of The Family of Man in Japan: it was in cultural tensions between the aspirations for nuclear energy and the fears of nuclear disaster in the 1950s

COMPARAÇÃO DA FLEXIBILIDADE DE JOVENS NADADORES PARTICIPANTES DE UM PROGRAMA DE INICIAÇÃO ESPORTIVA, ATRAVÉS DA GONIOMETRIA

A prtica da natao caracterizada por movimentos cclicos cuja tcnica desempenha um papel muito importante para a determinao do resultado do indivduo. A morfofuncionalidade do aparelho motor inclui propriedades que determinam a amplitude dos movimentos dos desportistas. Deve-se trabalhar a flexibilidade nas atividades de natao, pois um componente fundamental em diversos movimentos durante a realizao do nado. Esta capacidade fsica fundamental para o bom rendimento de um nadador, pois permite um melhor aproveitamento de sua velocidade, fora e coordenao. O nvel de flexibilidade varia com o tipo de nado. Dada a relevncia do tema em foco, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a flexibilidade de crianas de 10 a 15 anos participantes de uma equipe de natao. Para a mensurao da flexibilidade de sete articulaes em 19 movimentos articulares, utilizou-se gonimetro WCS. A mensurao foi realizada em crianas do gnero masculino e feminino, com mdia de idade de 12,70 1,45. Observou-se que houve correlao significativa somente em dois movimentos articulares (abduo de quadril e abduo de ombro), sendo que na maioria dos valores mdios encontrados, os meninos apresentaram maiores valores. Conclui-se que os meninos possuram maior flexibilidade no geral, contabilizando o nmero de articulaes avaliadas, diferindo dos estudos existentes na literatura. Palavras chaves: Nado, crianas, amplitude de movimento

Selective DNAM-1 expression on small peritoneal macrophages contributes to CD4+ T cell costimulation

Mouse peritoneal macrophages consist of two subsets: large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) and small peritoneal macrophages (SPMs), defined as CD11bhiF4/80hi and CD11b+F4/80lo cells, respectively. We reveal that SPMs, but not LPMs, have the ability to present antigens to naïve CD4+ T cells. Coculture of SPMs with naïve ovalbumin (OVA) specific CD4+ T cells (OT-II) in the presence of OVA peptide effectively induced CD4+ T cells priming. SPMs, but not LPMs, strongly express DNAM-1, an activating immunoreceptor. Although antigen uptake and processing were comparable between WT and DNAM-1-deficient SPMs, deficiency of DNAM-1 on SPMs or blockade of DNAM-1 and its ligand interaction impaired CD4+ T cells priming by SPMs. Furthermore, T and B cell responses in mediastinal lymph nodes of mice intraperitoneally immunized with trinitrophenyl (TNP)–OVA protein in Alum adjuvant were enhanced by intraperitoneally transferred wild-type, but not DNAM-1-deficient, SPMs. We propose that SPMs are functionally distinct from LPMs, and DNAM-1 plays a costimulatory role in antigen presentation by SPMs

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Reconsidering FSA photography : documentary gaze on American in poverty during the great depression

大恐慌下のアメリカで大量のドキュメンタリー写真が撮影され，フォトジャーナリズムの隆盛によって広く流通した。そこには，それまでは視覚的に表象されることのなかった貧しい人々の印象的なイメージが数多く含まれていた。本稿は，ニューディール政策のプロパガンダとして制作されたFSA写真の展開を跡付けることで，貧しい人々に向けられていた多様な眼差しを考察する。A great deal of documentary photographs were taken in the United States during the Great Depression, and were widely circulated thanks to the flourish of photo journalism. They included many impressive images of people in poverty who had seldom been represented visually before. The purpose of this paper is to consider the various gazes on these images by tracing the development of FSA photography produced by the New Deal program as propaganda.論説(Article

Selective DNAM-1 expression on small peritoneal macrophages contributes to CD4+ T cell costimulation

Abstract Mouse peritoneal macrophages consist of two subsets: large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) and small peritoneal macrophages (SPMs), defined as CD11bhiF4/80hi and CD11b+F4/80lo cells, respectively. We reveal that SPMs, but not LPMs, have the ability to present antigens to naïve CD4+ T cells. Coculture of SPMs with naïve ovalbumin (OVA) specific CD4+ T cells (OT-II) in the presence of OVA peptide effectively induced CD4+ T cells priming. SPMs, but not LPMs, strongly express DNAM-1, an activating immunoreceptor. Although antigen uptake and processing were comparable between WT and DNAM-1-deficient SPMs, deficiency of DNAM-1 on SPMs or blockade of DNAM-1 and its ligand interaction impaired CD4+ T cells priming by SPMs. Furthermore, T and B cell responses in mediastinal lymph nodes of mice intraperitoneally immunized with trinitrophenyl (TNP)–OVA protein in Alum adjuvant were enhanced by intraperitoneally transferred wild-type, but not DNAM-1-deficient, SPMs. We propose that SPMs are functionally distinct from LPMs, and DNAM-1 plays a costimulatory role in antigen presentation by SPMs

Induced Fetal Human Muscle Stem Cells with High Therapeutic Potential in a Mouse Muscular Dystrophy Model

筋ジストロフィーモデルマウスにおけるヒトiPS細胞由来骨格筋幹細胞の移植効果を確認. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-07-20.Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive and fatal muscle-wasting disease caused by DYSTROPHIN deficiency. Cell therapy using muscle stem cells (MuSCs) is a potential cure. Here, we report a differentiation method to generate fetal MuSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by monitoring MYF5 expression. Gene expression profiling indicated that MYF5-positive cells in the late stage of differentiation have fetal MuSC characteristics, while MYF5-positive cells in the early stage of differentiation have early myogenic progenitor characteristics. Moreover, late-stage MYF5-positive cells demonstrated good muscle regeneration potential and produced DYSTROPHIN in vivo after transplantation into DMD model mice, resulting in muscle function recovery. The engrafted cells also generated PAX7-positive MuSC-like cells under the basal lamina of DYSTROPHIN-positive fibers. These findings suggest that MYF5-positive fetal MuSCs induced in the late stage of iPSC differentiation have cell therapy potential for DMD