La izquierda en los años setenta

During the first half of the seventies, there was intense social mobilisation in which the Spanish communist party, the PCE managed to consolidate its leadership. In political terms, the break with the past that democracy would bring formed part of the left wing agenda. However, the break did not roll out as expected. The elections on 15th June 1977 marked the beginning of the process to draw up a new constitution, a process in which the left-wing played a vital role. The January elections also established a new balance of power in which the socialist party, the PSOE, became the majority left-wing party. Having shed its revolutionary rhetoric after its watershed 28th congress, it was now poised to take over the government when the next elections allowed it to do so. But the PCE, after realising that its high profile in society and its capacity to get people out on to the streets was not reflected in its number of parliamentary seats, went into a nosedive, with internal tensions leading to a spectacular degree of self destruction in 1981.A lo largo de la primera mitad de la década de los setenta se desarrolló una intensa movilización social y el PCE consolidó su liderazgo. En el plano político, la «ruptura democrática» fue la propuesta de cambio de la izquierda, una «ruptura» que, no obstante, no se materializó tal como se había previsto. Sin embargo, las elecciones del 15 de junio de 1977 abrieron un proceso constituyente en el que, nuevamente, el papel de la izquierda fue fundamental. Por otra parte, el 15-J definió una nueva relación de fuerzas en la izquierda, con el PSOE como fuerza mayoritaria que, tras la crisis del XXVIII Congreso y la eliminación de la retórica revolucionaria, se dirigió decididamente a la conquista del gobierno. Contrariamente, en el PCE, tras comprobar cómo la presencia social y la capacidad de movilización no se traducían en una importante representación institucional, crecieron las tensiones internas que derivaron en 1981 en un espectacular proceso autodestructivo

Modélisation des systèmes mécaniques:Tome 4 Vibrations sous écoulement

There already exists an abundant literature on the transition from dictatorship to democracy in Spain. Different historiographical currents offer notably diverse portrayals of the process. Nevertheless, a markedly common feature of the various interpretations is the limited attention paid to the dynamics that developed between center and periphery. The article takes as a starting point, on the one hand, the thesis that the transition from dictatorship to democracy in the 1970s was possible because the political and social opposition had spread enough to cause the regime established in 1939 to suffer a deep crisis before Franco’s death. On the other hand, it holds that the political dynamics of the peninsular periphery played a crucial role in the boost of the anti-Francoism throughout Spain. Starting from these premises, the article will analyze the elements allowing us to assert a more complex view of the general process that culminated in the establishment of democracy in Spain -one of its major results being a model of territorial organization of the State based on the autonomies, that broke away from the extreme centralism of the dictatorshi

Un proceso policéntrico. La transición de la dictadura a la democracia en España

There already exists an abundant literature on the transition from dictatorship to democracy in Spain. Different historiographical currents offer notably diverse portrayals of the process. Nevertheless, a markedly common feature of the various interpretations is the limited attention paid to the dynamics that developed between center and periphery. The article takes as a starting point, on the one hand, the thesis that the transition from dictatorship to democracy in the 1970s was possible because the political and social opposition had spread enough to cause the regime established in 1939 to suffer a deep crisis before Franco’s death. On the other hand, it holds that the political dynamics of the peninsular periphery played a crucial role in the boost of the anti-Francoism throughout Spain. Starting from these premises, the article will analyze the elements allowing us to assert a more complex view of the general process that culminated in the establishment of democracy in Spain -one of its major results being a model of territorial organization of the State based on the autonomies, that broke away from the extreme centralism of the dictatorshipLa transición de la dictadura a la democracia en España cuenta ya con una bibliografía importante aunque su caracterización es notablemente diversa entre distintas corrientes historiográficas. Sin embargo, un elemento notablemente común a las diferentes interpretaciones es la escasa atención prestada a la dinámica desarrollada entre centro y periferia. El artículo parte de la tesis de que, por un lado, la transición de la dictadura a la democracia en los años setenta fue posible porque la oposición política-social se había extendido suficientemente como para conseguir que el régimen instaurado en 1939 sufriera una crisis profunda antes de la muerte de Franco. Por otro lado, sostiene que la dinámica política en la periferia peninsular fue decisiva en el empuje del antifranquismo observado globalmente. A partir de ambas premisas, en el artículo se analizarán los elementos que permiten sostener una visión más compleja del proceso general que desembocará en la instauración de la democracia en España y que tiene uno de sus corolarios más destacados en la implantación del modelo autonómico para la organización territorial del Estado, rompiendo con el centralismo exacerbado durante la dictadura