Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Tinnitus

Tinnitus is a disturbing noise that is heard without any hearing stimulus, affects the quality of life of the individual, and leads to psychosocial problems. Its prevalence characteristically increases with aging. It is seen in 33% of the general population. Pathophysiology of tinnitus known to accompany nearly all disorders in auditory system has not been fully understood; therefore, there are some difficulties in evaluation and treatment thereof. Despite the restrictive factors of tinnitus treatment, progress in auditory neuroscience provides a positive view of tinnitus treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method based on the stimulation of neuronal tissue without depending on the transfer of electrical current by means of electrodes or the skin. TMS is used in the treatment of various diseases with developing neuroscience. In the recent years, the number of studies on TMS application with repetitive low frequency for the treatment of tinnitus has increased, and most of these studies have given successful results. Repetitive use of TMS in tinnitus is very novel; however, it is commonly used in psychiatric disorders, especially in the treatment of drug-resistant depression. The chapter shows that low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) is useful in the treatment of chronic tinnitus

Meniere’s Disease: Nonsurgical Treatment

Meniere’s disease or syndrome is one of the most common inner ear diseases. Meniere’s disease is characterized by episodic vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss that fluctuates during episodes, tinnitus, and ear fullness. Ideal treatment should stop vertigo attacks, restore hearing, get rid of tinnitus and ear fullness. Treatment options are decided upon the remaining hearing, severity, and intensity of vertigo attacks. Meniere’s disease is progressive on hearing levels of the patient; some of them develop profound hearing loss that also could affect the other ear. In order to plan a treatment scheme for patient, these conditions should be assessed. It has a destructive and progressive nature, so the first step of treatment should contain more conservative treatment options. If symptom control could not be obtained, destructive treatment options should be considered

Meniere’s Disease: Surgical Treatment

When Meniere’s disease’s vertigo attacks are too frequent and medical treatment options fail, surgical treatment options should be considered. Meniere’s disease is progressive, and there is not a known cure, and all treatment options are symptomatic. Also the possibility of bilateral involvement is another well-known characteristic of this condition as well as its effect on hearing. Some of the patients have progressive hearing loss with vertigo attacks. In order to decide a surgical procedure for these patients, clinicians must be aware of the natural course of Meniere’s disease. In order to their effects on vestibular system, there are two types of surgical procedures. Nondestructive surgeries aim to alter the course of disease, and destructive surgeries aim to control symptoms while eliminating all vestibular functions of the effected ear

Comparison of Treatment Modalities in Adult Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss: A 5-year Outcome from a Tertiary Referral Center

Aim: Although there are many treatment options for the treatment sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL), the most effective treatment method is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal treatment option for SSHL by examining the 5-years patient data of our clinic

The effect of Ramadan fasting on nasal mucociliary activity and peak nasal inspiratory flow

Purpose In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting (RF) on nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF). Methods Sixty-two (41 male and 21 female) healthy subjects who stated that they would fast continuously during the month of Ramadan were included in this prospective study. Day 0 (baseline), 1st day (after one day of RF), and 29th (after 29 days of RF) nasal mucociliary clearance time (MCT) with saccharine test and PNIF values were determined. Subject weights (SW) were measured on Day 0 and Day 29. The obtained data were analyzed statistically. Results The mean of SW on day 0 was 78.53 +/- 10.95 kg, and the mean of SW on Day 29 was 78.69 +/- 10.87 kg. There was no significant difference in terms of SW (p = 0.251, p > 0.05). A significant difference was found between the MCT and PNIF values measured on different study days (p 0.05). The PNIF values for Day 29 were significantly higher than the values for other days (p < 0.05). The PNIF values on the first day were significantly higher than the baseline (p = 0.008, p < 0.05). Conclusion The present study showed that RF leads to MCT prolongation and PNIF increase. Ramadan fasting causes deterioration in nasal airway defense and improvement in nasal respiration

The use of Three-Dimensional Printed Technology for Mandibular Reconstruction in a Rare Case of Giant Odontogenic Myxofibroma

Odontogenic myxofibroma is a benign odontogenic tumor of mesenchymal tissue that generally originates from the mandible. It is an extremely rare tumor accounting for approximately 2% of all odontogenic tumors. In this report, the authors presented a giant right mandibular mass that extends to the angle of the mandible and displacing the tongue laterally caused significant malocclusion, pain, and impaired oral intake. The tumoral involvement of the mandibula required a partial mandibulectomy with the resection of right mandibular ramus, body, and bilateral parasymphysis. Right mandibular condyle was preserved. The mandibular defect was reconstructed with a fibula free flap. Three-dimensional printed maxillofacial bone model of the patient was used as contour modeling and guide. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis as odontogenic myxofibroma. The purpose of the report is to present a very rare case of odontogenic myxofibroma and its general characteristics, radiological features, differential diagnosis, surgical management, and the use of three-dimensional printing technology in the field of mandibular reconstruction

The Use of Three-Dimensional Printed Technology for Mandibular Reconstruction in a Rare Case of Giant Odontogenic Myxofibroma

Odontogenic myxofibroma is a benign odontogenic tumor of mesenchymal tissue that generally originates from the mandible. It is an extremely rare tumor accounting for approximately 2% of all odontogenic tumors. In this report, the authors presented a giant right mandibular mass that extends to the angle of the mandible and displacing the tongue laterally caused significant malocclusion, pain, and impaired oral intake. The tumoral involvement of the mandibula required a partial mandibulectomy with the resection of right mandibular ramus, body, and bilateral parasymphysis. Right mandibular condyle was preserved. The mandibular defect was reconstructed with a fibula free flap. Three-dimensional printed maxillofacial bone model of the patient was used as contour modeling and guide. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis as odontogenic myxofibroma. The purpose of the report is to present a very rare case of odontogenic myxofibroma and its general characteristics, radiological features, differential diagnosis, surgical management, and the use of three-dimensional printing technology in the field of mandibular reconstruction

The Relationship Between the Presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 during Pregnancy and Neonatal Hearing Loss

Introduction: In this study, we investigated the maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection's effect on newborn hearing loss