Konjenital kalvaryal lenfanjiom: Olgu sunumu

Calvarial cavernous lymphangioma is an extremely rare disease entity with only a few reports. Lymphangiomas are frequently encountered neck and long bone but it may also seen in many part of the body and many tips of the lymphangioma have been identified. Several treatment options have been defined but local recurrence is still a big problem. In the pediatric population, postoperative skull defects may frequently require cranioplasty. Allografts or autologous bone grafts may be used for cranioplasty. A four-month-old male patient was hospitalized due to a painless head mass, which was revealed as a soft tissue lesion located in calvarial diploe or extracranial lesion with outer calcified shell on the cranial computed tomography. The patient underwent surgical resection, pathologically confirmed as cavernous lymphangioma. We report this case with imaging findings and review of literatures

The role of endogenous opioids and brain neurotransmitters in the generation of the LH surge in the rat

It has been suggested that a multiplicity of neurotransmitter systems regulate the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from their neurons in the hypothalamus which in turn control luteinising hormone (LH) secretion from the anterior pituitary. An example of such neurotransmitter systems is that secreting the endogenous opioid peptides which have a profound inhibitory influence on the LH secretion. Recently, it has been reported that a reduction in the activity of these peptides in the hypothalamus may be the initial neural stimulus for the generation of the pre-ovulatory LH surge which induces ovulation. Furthermore, this inhibitory opioidergic action may involve alterations in the activity of monoaminergic neurons which make synaptic contacts with the GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. Naloxone-, the opioid antagonist, induced LH release can be prevented by prior administration of a-adrenergic blockers. The central noradrenergic system is believed to be an essential component of the GnRH pulse-generating mechanism. The present study was undertaken to determine (i) the modulating effects of specific mu-, kappa- and delta-opioid receptor agonists and antagonists on hypothalamic monoaminergic content and on LH release and (ii) the inter-relationship between the opioid peptidergic and aminergic systems in the control of GnRH activity. The results indicate that multiple opioid receptor subtypes are involved in the opioid suppression of the pre-ovulatory LH surge. It appears that opioid modulation of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin release and/or turnover within the specific areas of the hypothalamus via mu-, kappa- and delta-opioid receptors is inhibitory at the time of the LH surge. This study supports the concept that an increase in the hypothalamic noradrenergic activity is a critical event in triggering the surge release of GnRH and LH. Both the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems may also facilitate the pre-ovulatory LH surge, although their effects are thought to be of minor importance in this process. In view of the unexpected interference by both urethane and ketamine anaesthesia on plasma LH levels, it is recommended that use of general anaesthetics in neuroendocrine studies should be avoided if at all possible. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

Contribution of the laboratory to a diagnosis process by sequential reflective testing: Paraprotein interference on a direct bilirubin assay

Errors in laboratory medicine occur in the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical phases. The errors are mostly detected in the preanalytical period. However, analytical errors are still an important source of error, despite their frequency is reduced significantly in years thanks to developments in laboratories. In this case, an analytical error was noticed during the verification of a patient's results. The direct bilirubin of a 66-year-old male patient admitted to the emergency department was higher than the total bilirubin. The patient's symptoms were fatigue and dyspnoea. Albumin and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations of the patient were significantly low. After considering the patient's demographics and laboratory results, the laboratory specialist suspected a paraproteinemia interference. Total protein was performed as a reflective test. The albumin/globulin ratio was reversed. Thereafter, serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) were performed as another reflective tests, respectively. SPEP and IFE results were in favour of monoclonal gammopathy. The patient was directed to a haematologist, underwent a bone marrow biopsy, and the result was reported as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with plasma cell differentiation expressing IgM-Kappa. The patient went on a chemotherapy protocol, and his condition has been improved in subsequent months. Detection of analytical errors is of great importance, like in our case, and may be used as a tool to identify patients who have not yet been diagnosed. The laboratory specialist must dominate the entire process of each test in the laboratory, be aware of the limitations of tests, and turn these disadvantages into advantages when necessary

Ethnic differences in students´attitudes to the arts : providing validity evidence to make comparisons

Acknowledgements National Monitoring Study of Student Achievement (NMSSA) project is funded by the Ministry of Education, New Zealand.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A preliminary study of the effect of phytoadditive carvacrol on the trace elements (Cu, Mn and Zn) content in fish tissues

Phytoadditives have gained increasing interest as feed additives for fish. The aim of the present study was to determine whether selected dietary phytoadditive can influence the bioavailability of several trace elements (Cu, Mn and Zn), which play an important role in the physiological processes. The experiments were carried out at a commercial trout farm. A total of 420 juvenile rainbow trout (mean weight ± SD = 10.79±0.57), Oncorhynchus mykiss, were randomly allocated into four different treatments with three replicates each. Fish were kept in raceways (3X0.8X0.4 m) at 10±1°C with a natural photoperiod. Proper amount of carvacrol was sprayed on 1 kg of commercial trout diet to prepare four diets with 0 (Control, C0), 1 (C1), 3 (C3) and 5 (C5) carvacrol g/kg diet. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times per day. The feeding trial lasted four weeks. Then, in different type of fish tissues (muscle, liver and pyloric caeca) from fish fed with diets enriched in carvacrol, beneficial elements (Cu, Mn and Zn) were analysed by atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. Results showed that the levels of Cu, Zn and Mn were especially significantly increase by C1 diet in all tissues (muscle, liver and pyloric caeca) except muscle and pyloric caeca Zn. The results of this experiment indicate that the carvacrol had the ability to potentiate the trace element retention. Although bioaccumulations of Cu, Zn and Mn in the muscle, liver and pyloric caeca are well demonstrated, the exact mechanisms of phytoadditives are still only partially understood. More investigations are required to detail the mechanisms involved in phytoadditives this enhancement

Molecular Signal Modeling of a Partially Counting Absorbing Spherical Receiver

To communicate at the nanoscale, researchers have proposed molecular communication as an energy-efficient solution. The drawback to this solution is that the histogram of the molecules' hitting times, which constitute the molecular signal at the receiver, has a heavy tail. Reducing the effects of this heavy tail, inter-symbol interference (ISI), has been the focus of most prior research. In this paper, a novel way of decreasing the ISI by defining a counting region on the spherical receiver's surface facing towards the transmitter node is proposed. The beneficial effect comes from the fact that the molecules received from the back lobe of the receiver are more likely to be coming through longer paths that contribute to ISI. In order to justify this idea, the joint distribution of the arrival molecules with respect to angle and time is derived. Using this distribution, the channel model function is approximated for the proposed system, i.e., the partially counting absorbing spherical receiver. After validating the channel model function, the characteristics of the molecular signal are investigated and improved performance is presented. Moreover, the optimal counting region in terms of bit error rate is found analytically.Comment: submitted to Transactions on Communication

The relationship between the preferences of the oral glucose screening test and the levels of health literacy and perinatal anxiety of pregnancy

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Application of artificial neural networks to height transformation

Dvije su osnovne komponente vertikalnog pozicioniranja: visina i odgovarajuća referentna površina. Definicija visine se mijenja u skladu s odabranom referentnom površinom. Satelitski sustavi globalne navigacije (Global Navigation Satellite Systems - GNSS) daju elipsoidne visine razmjerne površini geodetski referentnog elipsoida. Međutim, mnoge aplikacije zahtijevaju visine koje su povezane s fizikalno značajnom površinom kao što je geoid. Takve visine su u obliku ortometrijskih (ili normalnih) visina. Veza između elipsoidnih i ortometrijskih visina je visina geoida iznad referentnog elipsoida, obično nazivana valovitim kretanjem geoida. Dva su osnovna pristupa kod pretvaranja elipsoidnih u ortometrijske visine: gravimetrijski model geoida i interpolacija između geometrijski deriviranih valovitih kretanja geoida gdje su GNSS mjerenja locirana uz nivelacijske točke. U ovom se radu istražuje korisnost umjetnih neuronskih mreža s unatražnim rasprostiranjem kao alternativni alat za transformaciju visine.The vertical positioning has two indispensable constituents: the height and the relevant reference surface. The definition of the height differs according to the appointed reference surface. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ensure ellipsoidal heights relative to a geodetic reference ellipsoid surface. However, many field applications require heights that are related to a physically meaningful surface (e.g. the geoid). Such physically meaningful heights often provided in terms of orthometric heights. The geoid undulation is the relation between the ellipsoidal and orthometric heights. The ellipsoidal heights can be transformed to orthometric heights via two principal approaches: a gravimetric geoid model, and geometrical interpolation between geoid undulations where GNSS observations have been collocated with benchmarks. The purpose of this study is investigating the applicability of a back propagation artificial neural network as a height transformation tool

Use of high-density paste bacfill for safe disposal of copper/zinc mine tailings

The safe environmental disposal of sulphide-rich copper/zinc mine tailings is fast becoming a major economic factor in determining the profitability of mining operations. There have been new approaches and better technologies practised in the recent years which allow the mining industries to reduce and/or eliminate the environmental impacts of harmful mine tailings. One of these approaches is the use of high-density paste backfill (HDPB) which is consisting mainly of a mix of solid particles (with the cement) and water, containing between 70% and 85% by dry weight of solids. The increased use of HDPB has improved the reliability, and has reduced the cost of the preparation and transportation systems. This paper focuses on the potential environmental benefits of using the HDPB when tailings are acid generating, and also provides a case study conducted in an underground copper/zinc mine in northeast Turkey in order to illustrate these benefits