Emancipation & Renewal: English Catholicism in the Nineteenth Century

English Catholics faced great difficulties and divisions in the nineteenth century. The chief problems were obtaining civil rights and the right to provide their children with a religious education, prejudice, the restoration of the hierarchy for more efficient government, and the split between Ultramontanes and Liberals. The influx of Irish added to these problems. This thesis is concerned only with the English Catholics and those Irish Catholics living in England. The Irish Question is not dealt with, as the Irish Catholics had different problems and needs than their English brethren. The major emphasis is the prejudice encountered by English Catholics and the restoration of the hierarchy

The determination of acccessible taxi requirements

This report describes the results of a programme of ergonomic research undertaken to provide a scientific basis for the generation of regulations concerned with the introduction of accessible taxis in the UK. Accessibility was characterised as the ability to accommodate a broad range of non-disabled and mobility impaired passengers in reasonable safety and comfort. Two critical aspects of the brief were that the research should not be constrained by current vehicle design and that a ‘design-for-all’ specification should be assumed as a goal. However, the brief did not task the researchers with proposing specific design solutions. Following a literature review and a series of consultation exercises assessment trials were conducted with large sample of mobility impaired participants and a fully adjustable test rig. The results of these assessments were analysed in detail to provide recommendations on the dimensions and characteristics that would make future taxis accessible to the majority of potential passengers. Further recommendations were proposed on the basis of existing knowledge, best practice and current requirements and guidance. The research established that the floor height, door height and internal space (floor and head room) of current purpose built taxis represent significant barriers to accessibility

Fault seal modelling – the influence of fluid 1 properties on fault sealing capacity in hydrocarbon 2 and CO2 systems

Fault seal analysis is a key part of understanding the hydrocarbon trapping mechanisms in the petroleum industry. Fault seal research has also been expanded to CO 2–brine systems for the application to carbon capture and storage (CCS). The wetting properties of rock-forming minerals in the presence of hydrocarbons or CO 2 are a source of uncertainty in the calculations of capillary threshold pressure, which defines the fault sealing capacity. Here, we explore this uncertainty in a comparison study between two fault-sealed fields located in the Otway Basin, SE Australia. The Katnook Field in the Penola Trough is a methane field, while Boggy Creek in Port Campbell contains a high-CO 2–methane mixture. Two industry standard fault seal modelling methods, one based on laboratory measurements of fault samples and the other based on a calibration of a global dataset of known sealing faults, are used to discuss their relative strengths and applicability to the CO 2 storage context. We identify a range of interfacial tensions and contact angle values in the hydrocarbon–water system under the conditions assumed by the second method. Based on this, the uncertainty related to the spread in fluid properties was determined to be 24% of the calculated threshold capillary pressure value.We propose a methodology of threshold capillary pressure conversion from hydrocarbons–brine to the CO 2–brine system, using an input of appropriate interfacial tension and contact angle under reservoir conditions. The method can be used for any fluid system where fluid properties are defined by these two parameters

Statistical Photocalibration of Photodetectors for Radiometry without Calibrated Light Sources

Calibration of CCD arrays for identifying bad pixels and achieving nonuniformity correction is commonly accomplished using dark frames. This kind of calibration technique does not achieve radiometric calibration of the array since only the relative response of the detectors is computed. For this, a second calibration is sometimes utilized by looking at sources with known radiances. This process can be used to calibrate photodetectors as long as a calibration source is available and is well-characterized. A previous attempt at creating a procedure for calibrating a photodetector using the underlying Poisson nature of the photodetection required calculations of the skewness of the photodetector measurements. Reliance on the third moment of measurement meant that thousands of samples would be required in some cases to compute that moment. A photocalibration procedure is defined that requires only first and second moments of the measurements. The technique is applied to image data containing a known light source so that the accuracy of the technique can be surmised. It is shown that the algorithm can achieve accuracy of nearly 2.7% of the predicted number of photons using only 100 frames of image data

Predicting Transmissibilities of Carbonate-hosted Fault Zones

It is common practice to incorporate deterministic transmissibility multipliers into simulation models of siliciclastic reservoirs to take into account the impact of faults on fluid flow, but this not common practice in carbonate reservoirs due to the lack of data on fault permeability. Calculation of fault transmissibilities in carbonates is also complicated by the variety of mechanisms active during faulting, associated with their high heterogeneity and increased tendency to react with fluids. Analysis of the main controls on fault rock formation and permeability from several carbonate-hosted fault zones is used to enhance our ability to predict fault transmissibility. Lithological heterogeneity in a faulted carbonate succession leads to a variety of deformation and/or diagenetic mechanisms, generating several fault rock types. Although each fault rock type has widely varying permeabilities, trends can be observed dependent on host lithofacies, juxtaposition and displacement. These trends can be used as preliminary predictive tools when considering fluid flow across carbonate fault zones. At lower displacements (<30 m), fewer mechanisms occur, creating limited fault rock types with a narrow range of low permeabilities, regardless of lithofacies juxtaposition. At increased displacements, more fault rock types are produced at juxtaposition of different lithofacies, with a wide range of permeabilities

Fault seal analysis of a natural CO2 reservoir in the Southern North Sea

AbstractA geomechanical and fault seal analysis of the fault-bound natural CO2 reservoir of the Fizzy Field, Southern North Sea, shows that reactivation of, and leakage along the bounding fault is unlikely. Reservoirs are juxtaposed along the fault but shale-gouge ratio calculations indicate that the fault rock prohibits across-fault leakage of CO2. This study illustrates that, even though the fault is orientated favourably for reactivation relative to present day stress and uncertainties about the geometries remain, fault seal is not the limiting factor in retention of CO2 at the Fizzy field