Grain refinement of DC cast magnesium alloys with intensive melt shearing

A new direct chill (DC) casting process, melt conditioned DC (MC-DC) process, has been developed for the production of high quality billets/slabs of light alloys by application of intensive melt shearing through a rotor-stator high shear device during the DC casting process. The rotor-stator high shear device provides intensive melt shearing to disperse the naturally occurring oxide films, and other inclusions, while creating a microscopic flow pattern to homogenize the temperature and composition fields in the sump. In this paper, we report the grain refining effect of intensive melt shearing in the MC-DC casting processing. Experimental results on DC casting of Mg-alloys with and without intensive melt shearing have demonstrated that the MC-DC casting process can produce magnesium alloy billets with significantly refined microstructure. Such grain refinement in the MC-DC casting process can be attributed to enhanced heterogeneous nucleation by dispersed naturally occurring oxide particles, increased nuclei survival rate in uniform temperature and compositional fields in the sump, and potential contribution from dendrite arm fragmentation

Magnetic anisotropy of YbNi4P2

We report on transport and magnetic measurements between 1.8 and 400 K on single crystalline YbNi4P2, which was recently reported to be a heavy fermion system with a low lying ferromagnetic transition at T_C=0.17 K, based on data from polycrystals. The tetragonal crystal structure of YbNi4P2 presents quasi-one-dimensional Yb chains along the c direction. Here we show that at high temperatures, the magnetic anisotropy of YbNi4P2 is dominated by the crystal electrical field effect with an Ising-type behaviour, which gets more pronounced towards lower temperatures. The electrical resistivity also reflects the strong anisotropy of the crystal structure and favours transport along c, the direction of the Yb chains.Comment: SCES 2011 proceedings, in pres

新医改背景下中国区域卫生信息化发展路径研究 = Developmental approaches of regional health informatization in China in the context of new medical reform : a comparative analysis

University of Technology, Sydney. Institute for International Studies.新医改方案颁布之后，解决中国医疗信息化发展的重点及难点就成了顺利推进医改工作的首要任务。新医改的推进，对区域卫生信息化工作的要求也越来越明确，即通过信息技术实现医疗卫生服务各个环节的协同和整合，使公众能够得到最好的医疗服务，解决长久以来看病难、看病贵、看病烦的问题。文章从中国新医改的实际情况出发，运用有关的学术理论，系统深入地探讨了中国区域卫生信息化的发展问题。文章针对的是中国区域卫生信息化的发展路径，研究的重点是为什么要进行区域卫生信息化、政府和市场在区域卫生信息化过程中的角色和作用分别是怎样的、怎样的发展路径才是可持续的等等。 全文共分为六章，第一章对全文作一个基本的交待，主要介绍研究问题、研究意义、文献综述、概念界定和研究方法等。第二章试图借助于供给与付费分离的理论、利益相关者理论和协同治理理论构建一个用于分析中国区域卫生信息化的发展路径的框架。第三章偏重从新医改的背景来观察中国区域卫生信息化的现状与发展，认为在新医改的推动下，中国卫生信息化建设走上了一条从无到有、从小到大、从被忽视到受重视的发展之路，取得了显著的成绩。但是，对照深化医药卫生体制改革的目标要求，中国卫生信息化建设尚处于探索阶段。第四章侧重探讨政府主导模式的成效与问题。由于区域卫生信息化建设内容庞杂，牵涉政府、医院、市场和群众等多个利益主体，本章首先运用利益相关者理论对各利益主体及其利益进行了分析，在此基础上对政府主导的区域卫生信息化模式进行了探讨，重点分析了这种模式的历史渊源、现实条件与所存争论。第五章重点探讨作为替代的市场主导模式，通过与政府主导模式相比较，分析市场的优势。文章认为，向全体人民提供基本公共服务是政府的责任，这就要求科学界定政府职能与市场功能的边界，准确区分公共服务与非公共服务、基本公共服务与一般性公共服务。在澄清区域卫生信息化并非基本公共服务的基础上，文章对市场化的概念作出了必要的澄清，并对政府的角色进行了恰当的限制，认为政府应该在中国区域卫生信息化中大有作为，自觉地充当好“规划者”、“出资者”和“监管者”的角色，但不是在信息化过程中发挥所谓的“主导作用”。文章最后就如何进一步健全和完善中国区域卫生信息化建设提出了对策性建议。 The development of China's Regional Health Informatization (RHI) becomes the primary task of New Medical Reform (NMR) since 2009. The advancing of NMR has put forward clear requests on RHI, that is, making the public enjoying the best medical care, and solving the difficult problems of inadequate and overly expensive medical services through the improvement of information technology. This dissertation mainly discusses the development issue of China's RHI with the academic support of relevant theories and practical basis of Chinese medical reforms, and focuses on the backgrounds of RHI, different roles of government and market in RHI, different development approaches of RHI, etc. This dissertation can be divided into 6 chapters, and the contents of each chapter are as follows: Chapter one is the introduction. It brings forward the research questions. Then the key concepts are defined. After the literature review this part introduces the research method adopted and explains the reasons. Finally the so-called fragmentation theory as the research perspective and the analysis framework are introduced here. Chapter two resorts to such theories as the dichotomy of provision and financing,the stakeholder theory and collaborative governance theory, in order to frame an analysis basis for China's RHI. Chapter three describes the merits and disadvantages of China's RHI under the background of China's NMR. It concludes that the performance of RHI is obvious and the questions are unavoidable. Chapter four explains the causes which result in the current government-leading development approach of China's RHI. The causes of the current approach include the difference of multiple stakeholders, the historical path-dependence, the transition of value dimensions, and practical conditions. In addition, this paper tries to explore the theory debates on the approach. Chapter five evaluates the effect of market-leading development approach of China's RHI by comparing with government-leading approach. This article suggests that in order to clarify the boundary of government and market in RHI, it is necessary to distinguish between the public service and non-public service, and fundamental public service and general public service. It argues that since RHI is not a fundamental public service, the rights of choice should be open to all stakeholders. Government should act as a planner, investor and supervisor, but not a leading role

Abnormal Heart Rate Recovery and Duke Treadmill Score as Predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality

Background: The Duke Treadmill Score (DTS) has been well validated and widely used for ....

Drying characteristics of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) fruits in a convective hot-air dryer

In this study, drying characteristics of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) fruits were investigated in a laboratory scale hot-air dryer at air temperature in a range of 70 to 100°C. Moisture transfer from the test samples was described by applying the Fick’s diffusion model and the effective diffusivity was calculated. Temperature dependence of the effective diffusivity was described by the Arrhenius-type relationship. The experimental drying data of bay laurel fruits were used to fit page, logarithmic, Twoterm and approximation of diffusion, and Midilli et al. (2002) models and the statistical validity of models tested were determined by non-linear regression analysis. The Two-term model showed a better fit to experimental drying data obtained when compared with other models.Key words: Bay laurel fruits, convective air drying, moisture ratio, effective diffusivity, activation energy

SANGGIT TOKOH DALAM BANJARAN SENGKUNI KARYA KI PURBO ASMORO

Abstract Banjaran Sengkunimerupakan sebuah lakon yang menceritakan perjalanan hidup tokoh bernama Sengkuni, yang diceritakan dari kelahiran sampai pada kematiannya yang tragis. Melalui lakonnya itu dalang meyakini bahwa karakter tokoh sesungguhnya dibentuk bukan hanya sejak lahir, tetapi juga sejak proses terjadinya janin melalui hubungan seks yang dilakukan kedua orang tuanya. Kecuali dibentuk sejak dalam kandungan, juga akan dibentuk oleh lingkungan yang melingkupinya ia hidup. Yang dimaksud dengan lingkungan meliputi lingkungan keluarga, masyarakat sekitarnya, serta alam semesta.Karakter Sengkuni dalam Banjaran Sengkuni sangat ditentukan dalam proses terjadinya bayi atau janin dalam kandungan, yaitu melalui proses perselingkuhan atau perzinaan yang secara kebudayaan dinilai negative, bahkan dosa. Ia mewarisi karater ayahnya, yaitu seorang gandarwa bernama Setibar. Hal yang menandakan karakter yang dapat diamati bahwa bayi Sengkuni meskipun dilahirkan dalam wajah yang tampan tetapi ia bertaring seperti halnya ayahnya yang bertaring.Dalam tradisi pewayangan taring mencerminkan nilai yang negative

Kemampuan Beberapa Jamur Tanah Dalam Menguraikan Pestisida Deltametrin Dan Senyawa Lignoselulosa [the Ability of Some Soil Fungi on Degradation of Deltamethrin and Lignocelluloses]

Some of soil fungi capable in degrading pesticide deltamethrin, therefore they can be used as fertilizer in organic farming. As a biofertilizer ,fungus also must be able to provide nutrients for plants. The purpose of the study was to obtain fungal isolates that have the ability to decompose pesticides deltamethrin and lignocellulose compounds, dissolved inorganic phosphate compounds and produce growth hormone IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) . The fungal isolates will then be used in the manufacture of bio-fertilizers. Soil samples were put into mineral medium containing deltamethrin, fungus that grew on this medium would then be isolated. The ability of fungus in decomposing deltamethrin was observed using GC. While the ability of fungi to decompose lignocellulose, to dissolve inorganic phosphate compounds and to produce IAA was observed using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the fungus Aspergillus Niger TR1 had the ability to degrade 90.68% of deltamethrin 500 ppm after 1 h incubation and to degrade 0.46% of Poly R - 478 by after 30 min incubation. In addition, this fungus had cellulase activity of 0.029 units/ml and were able to dissolve inorganic phosphate compounds and produce IAA

Pelaksanaan Penegakan Hukum di Kota Surakarta dan Sekitarnya

Problem dalam penegakan hukum yang dihadapi oleh negara Indonesia perlu untuk dipotret dan dipetakan tujuannya agar para pengambil kebijakan dapat mengupayakan jalan keluar. Sulitnya penegakan hukum di Indonesia berawal sejak peraturan Perundang – undangan dibuat. Masyarakat Indonesia terutama yang berada di kota – kota besar nila mereka berhadapan dengan proses hukum akan melakukan berbagai upaya agar tidak dikaahkan atau terhindar dari hukuman. Problem selanjutnya sebagai penyebab lemahnya penegakan hukum adalah pengaruh uang. Penegakan hukum di Indonesia telah menjadi komoditas politik meskipun belakangan ini semakin berkurang intensitasnya. Problem lain dan lemahnya penegakan hukum adalah penegakan hukum dilakukan diskriminatif. Berkaitan dengan dunia keadvotan, uang dan kekuasaan secara tidak sadar telah mengategorikan para advokat di dalam beberapa kelompok sesuai dengan perilaku mereka didalam menangani suatu kasus atau perkara. Dalam beberapa tahum terahir masalah penekanan hukum mendapat tempat tersendiri di berbagai media massa

Isolasi Dan Seleksijamur Aphyllophorales Pengurai Lignin Dihutan Bukit Bangkirai, Kalimantan Timur [Isolation and Selection of Aphyllophorales as Lignin Degrading Fungi in Bukit Bangkirai Forest, East Kalimantan]

Isolation and selection of Aphyllophorales as lignin degrading fiingus had been done in Bukit Bangkirai Forest, East Kalimantan. Aim of the research was to obtain Aphyllophorales fungi which have ability to degrade lignin. The fresh fruit bodies were collected from trunks, branches and litters of plants in the forest. The work was conducted at dry season. Fruit bodies were taken to base camp for isolation. The isolates were tested for their ability to degrade lignin. We found 24 isolates of Aphyllophorales fungi. Those isolates were grew in poly R-478 medium, 12 isolates were able to degrade lignin. Megasproporia sp. strain IB-24 had the highest ability in lignin degradation. The fungus can degrade poly R-478 8,05% during 90 minutes

On the variational interpretation of the discrete KP equation

We study the variational structure of the discrete Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (dKP) equation by means of its pluri-Lagrangian formulation. We consider the dKP equation and its variational formulation on the cubic lattice ${\mathbb Z}^{N}$ as well as on the root lattice $Q(A_{N})$. We prove that, on a lattice of dimension at least four, the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations are equivalent to the dKP equation.Comment: 24 page