Mineral Density Distribution Differences in Enamel and Dentin Tissues in the Teeth Array According to the HU Scale

Objective: To evaluate the mineral density of enamel and dentin tissues of healthy individuals using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography. Material and Methods: CBCT images of 15 healthy individuals, previously obtained for various reasons, were used in this study. In HU measurements, mineral density measurements were made from three different regions of enamel and three different regions of dentin, and the values obtained were compared. Enamel and dentin mineralization density measurements were measured from six regions, namely the crown cutting edge, buccal middle and cervical region for enamel, and the crown cutting edge, cervical region and root apex for dentin. In the comparisons of groups, the parametric One-Way ANOVA variance analysis method was applied. In the paired comparisons between the groups, the Tukey HSD test was applied as the multiple comparison post hoc test. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: Mineralization density of tooth enamel and dentin tissues was quantitatively different in the maxilla and mandible in anterior and posterior teeth. Conclusion: In all the teeth, there were statistically significant decreases in the mineral density values of enamel and dentin tissue from occlusal towards the cemento-enamel junction. Statistically significant decreases were observed in the mineral density values of enamel and dentin tissue from the anterior region towards the posterior region in the teeth in both the upper and lower jaws

Three-Year Dentition Follow-up of a Paediatric Case with Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis: A Review of the Literature

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIO), the most severe form of osteopetrosis, also known as marble bone disease, has a high rate of infant mortality and causes severe medical and dental outcomes in children. The general oral findings of this disease are reduced vascularisation of the jawbone as a result of impaired osteoclastic activity, eruption disorders, embedded teeth, missing teeth, dental hypoplasia and misshaping, excessive luxations associated with undeveloped roots, increased incidence of decay, and periodontal membrane defects. The current case patient was diagnosed with MIO at 4 months of age and underwent bone marrow transplantation at the age 3 years. The dentition development of the male patient was followed by regular dental examinations from the years 7 through 10. The tooth development of a MIO paediatric patient is presented in this case report with a review of the literature

Physical, nutritional, textural and sensory qualities of Turkish noodles produced with siyez wheat (Triticum monococcum), kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) and chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.)

In this study, physical (cooking time, water absorption, cooking loss and color), chemical (proximate composition, pH, total phenolic content, mineral matter (Ca, K, Fe, Mg and Zn)), textural (hardness and adhesiveness) and sensory (color, taste, flavor, appearance, hardness, adhesiveness and overall acceptability) attributes were determined in different types of noodles produced from siyez wheat flour, kale powder and chia seed mucilage. Results were statistically evaluated using SAS software. The optimal cooking time for the noodles were 20 min and cooking loss varied between 8.36-12.22%. Kale powder and chia mucilage addition decreased L* and a* values of the noodles. Ash, crude fiber, mineral matter and total phenolic contents of the noodles were higher and fat contents of the noodles were lower than the control sample. Hardness and adhesiveness of the noodles were decreased by addition of the kale powder at 10%. The noodles with higher hardness and lower adhesiveness were preferred by the panelists in sensory evaluation. Increasing the kale powder level in the noodle formulation from 5% to 10% resulted in higher color scores. However, the control sample was the most preferred sample in terms of taste

English Language Teachers’ Awareness of English as a Lingua Franca in Multilingual and Multicultural Contexts

Today English has become the Lingua Franca or common language of many people, regardless of their being native or nonnative speaker of English all over the world. Therefore, it has become necessary to educate pre-/in-service teachers with an awareness towards the significance of the involvement of an “English as a lingua franca” (ELF) perspective in their language teaching practice in multilingual/multicultural contexts. In a rapidly changing world, many English language teachers and teacher trainers are cognizant of the impact of migration in their teaching contexts. However, it is still not very clear to what extent and in what context they are integrating ELF related issues in their language teaching practice. In this study, we make an attempt to unveil in-service teachers’ beliefs about ELF in pedagogical practice in three different countries – Poland, Portugal and Turkey. In order to do that we have adopted a questionnaire from an earlier study investigating the involvement of culture in ELT in expanding circle contexts. The findings of the study revealed that although teachers in these contexts are aware of the significance of the inclusion of an ELF-aware perspective in ELT, they are still hesitant about its applicability in their own teaching context. This study has implications for raising English language teachers’ awareness in conceptualizing how an ELF-aware pedagogical approach can be implemented in a multilingual/multicultural context

Evaluation of The Factors Affecting the Choice of Profession of The Dental Students

Background: Researches on motivation of students to choose dentistry as a profession has been conducted for many years. Students may choose to become dentists for reasons such as serving, being independent, working with their hands, gaining prestige, and financial security. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors in the career preferences of dental students, their expectations and opinions in the education process. Methods: 1,007 participants who answered the web-based questionnaire were included in this study. Obtained data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0 (Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The Independent t test was used for intergroup comparisons in the data were normally distributed. Variables in more than two groups were compared using the one-way ANOVA test. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05 in all analyses. Results: A total of 1007 dentistry students, 370 (36.7%) male and 637 (63.3%) female, with a mean age of 21.15 ± 1.96 participated in the survey study. 236 (23.4%) of the participants were in the first grade, 236 (23.4%) in the second grade, 192 (19.1%) in the third grade, 261 (25.9%) in the fourth grade, and 82 (8.1%) in the fifth grade. 44% of the participants chose the option 'they want to be medicine or dentistry, but gaining dentistry because of their score in the university entrance exam' as the reason for choosing dentistry. Conclusion: Such studies will be useful for the procedures to be followed in eliminating stress and anxiety in students and in the pre-detection of problems

The Adaptation of Student Engagement Scale to Turkish: The Validity and Reliability Study

Bu çalışmada, Mazer (2012) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan Student Engagement Scale (Öğrenci Katılım Ölçeği, ÖKÖ)’i Türkçeye uyarlamak, geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin katılımını ölçmek için geliştirilen ÖKÖ, 13 madde ve 4 boyuttan (sınıf içi sessiz davranışlar, sınıf içi sözlü davranışlar, ders içeriği hakkında düşünme ve sınıf dışı davranışlar) oluşmaktadır. İki ayrı çalışma yapılmıştır. Birinci çalışmada İngiliz Dili Eğitimi Programı öğrencilerine (n= 25) ölçeğin İngilizce ve Türkçe formu 2 hafta ara ile verilmiştir. Katılımcıların iki forma verdikleri yanıtlar arasında yüksek düzeyde ve pozitif yönde ilişki bulunmuştur (r= .80). İkinci çalışmaya ise matematik ve sınıf öğretmenliği bölümlerinde okuyan 146 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, önerilen modelin, veri seti ile iyi uyum sağladığını göstermiştir. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarına ait Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayıları .70 ile .91 arasında değişmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, ÖKÜ’nün geçerliliği ve güvenirliği hakkında delil sağlamıştır.This study aimed to adapt Student Engagement Scale (SES, Mazer, 2012) to Turkish and conduct validity and reliability analyses. SES, developed to measure university students’ engagement, consists of 13 items and 4 dimensions (silent in class behaviors, oral in class behaviors, thinking about course content, and out of class behavior). Two separate studies were conducted. In the first study, students in English language teaching program (n= 25) completed English and Turkish versions of the scale in two weeks interval. There was a high and positive correlation between responses given to two versions of the scale (r= .80). In the second study, 146 students in mathematics and primary teacher education programs participated. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the proposed model fit well to the data. Cronbach Alpha coefficients for subscales ranged from .70 to .91. Analysis results provided evidence about the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the scale