'Out of place' in the city : the users' evaluation of street vendors in Jakarta at day and night.

The temporal dynamics of the city involve the presence of temporary elements that are unplanned and unexpected. Yet the presence of such elements is contrary to the attempts to achieve harmony and perfection of 'ideal city', and they become 'out of place' elements that need to be rejected. This thesis is about the rejection of street vendors as temporary elements in the city. The great increase of street vendors in many countries has inevitably changed the visual image of the cities. Their presence has continuously become the subject of debates, whether they should be maintained or banished from urban areas. However, there was a lack of evidence on the users' view regarding the street vendors as rejected urban elements. This research explores the users' evaluation towards the presence of street vendors in urban places in Jakarta, Indonesia through a preference approach. The objectives are to examine: 1) the extent to which the users perceive the street vendors as 'out of place' elements in urban places; 2) the change of the users' evaluation of street vendors as 'out of place' elements in urban places from day time to night time; and 3) the extent to which the presence of street vendors as 'out of place' elements contributes to the users' general evaluation of urban places. The methods combine open-ended questionnaire with a standardised rating scale to elicit the users' responses towards slides of urban scenes with street vendors. The research found that users' evaluation towards the presence of street vendors as 'out of place' elements is not absolute; the street vendors are not always perceived negatively by the users. In particular, the users' evaluation of street vendors as 'out of place' changed from day time to night time, and their presence were perceived as less 'out of place' at night time. The research confirmed the important role of street vendors as temporary elements in the users' general evaluation of urban environment. The findings provide some implications for planning process to incorporate the presence of street vendors in the cities. They suggest some possibilities to develop ways to make their presence' in place', rather than taking for granted that their presence is 'out of place'

Urban Picnic: Reaction among actors as spatial mechanism of urban space

Picnic Activity plays a role in enhancing the quality of life of urban residents. The objective of this research is to reveal spatial mechanism and taxonomy of urban spaces through spatial experience. We use affordances from Gibson (1986) as a theoretical lens. Bodily experience approach from Pallasmaa (2012) and Lepori and Franck (2000) as method for collecting data. To analyze the data we use the qualitative and grounded theory. The finding is the reaction among actors as spatial experience exhibits spatial mechanism and taxonomy of urban spaces into a new kind of spaces. 

Urban Picnic: Relations Among Actors

This paper attempts to reveal relations among actors at urban public spaces. We examined the relations by exploring activities of the urban society in picnic activity. In studying the relations among actors we use the actor - network theory Latour (2007). We conducted data collection strategy such as drifting from psychogeography Debord  (1955, 1992) and bodily experience Pallasmaa (2012).  The findings are the relations among actors within picnic activities in urban spaces shows a different kind of relations. The exploration of picnic activities on urban space shows us the relationships among users, events, spaces defines a variety of changes in the function of urban spaces.Keywords: urban space; urban picnic; relations; space ISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF LIGHTING IN ARCHITECTURE

The role of light has been studied, examined, and analyzed for the built environment from ancient times. The methodology was conducted by literature review and precedents study to determine shifts in viewpoints that become the basis of architectural lighting design practice. This paper will discuss four evolution viewpoints but understanding the sky with its properties is the first step before moving forward. The first evolution will focus on light's role from perception to narration; the second one will examine light from the point of development of aperture to performance; the third will investigate light from material to immaterial with a particular focus on light's immateriality from the point of view of J.J. Gibson, and the last part will have an overview of light's purpose from quantitative value to its contemplative tranquillity. All four evolutions will provide broad strokes from one extreme to the other to highlight the shift of lighting knowledge and applications

Interiority in Everyday Space: A Dialogue between Materiality and Occupation

Everyday space is a setting where ordinary acts, activities and events take place. It is interesting to examine closely how interiority is defined, understood and manifested in everyday space as a way to understand the inhabitation of the interior. The interiority of everyday space is defined not only by occupation but also through materiality. This issue of Interiority presents articles that address the relationships between interior materiality and different perceptual constructs and experiences of architectural space as inherent in the occupation of the everyday space

Editorial: Interiority as Relations

Understanding the relations between human being and its environment is critical in our attempt to create an appropriate built environment. Interior as a discipline has a privilege to be in the intersection between subjective experience of human users and the physical manifestation of environment occupied by the human. Looking at interiority as a relational construct that occurs between the users and environment should be an essential basis for design practice. This issue of Interiority intends to explore various forms of relational construct that emerge in the interaction between space and the users and to identify possible challenges posed by such relations for spatial design practice

Mapping The Actual-Virtual in Architecture Exhibition

This study aims to identify, map, and reflect on actual-virtual relations in architectural design practices. Virtuality is more than just a discourse of technology. Virtuality is an attempt to realize unlimited possibilities. This study uses the context of the Venice Architecture Biennale (2021) exhibition with the theme How Will We Live Together? to illustrate various possibilities of space construction through the actual-virtual framework. The identification of actual-virtual is performed by qualitatively decomposing the case studies of 60 pavilions. The analysis is carried out by drawing and retracing the data for each pavilion to discover various actual-virtual instruments, operations, and relations in the exhibition. Reflection on the actual-virtual concept that traverses multiple dimensions of space and time, becomes the basis for seeing actual-virtual as a potential. This study reveals various types of actual-virtual operations and relations in the context of architectural exhibitions. The connection between origin and execution in exhibitions parallels the actualvirtual relational framework. Disassembling the case study also demonstrates the actual-virtual possibility as a design instrument that connects multidimensional space and time. This study offers to deliver another perspective on actual-virtual relations in architecture. This study expands the actual-virtual abstract and conceptual discourse into more practical and operative perspectives. The findings demonstrate the possibility of broadening design knowledge based on an actual-virtual relational framework in an architectural context

Understanding Wayfinding Experience of Hospital Visitor through Tours and Maps Analysis

This paper proposes a spatial narrative approach in understanding the wayfinding spatial experience of hospital visitors in a building environment. Narrative actions involved in wayfinding journeys are explored and analysed using tours and maps reading (de Certeau, 1984) as analysis tools. The study aims at gaining an understanding of how wayfinding spatial experience of visitors is organized. This study reveals that wayfinding consists of both itinerary and spatial knowledge that always relate to and influence each other. Understanding hospital visitors’ wayfinding spatial experience comprehensively can expand our knowledge for designing a supportive healthcare facility’s  environment

Reading the Visual Environment: Wayfinding in healthcare facilities

This paper reports an on-going project that studies how visitors search and use information from the visual environment to guide wayfinding within a healthcare facility. The execution of wayfinding task by ten participants as simulated visitors of a General Hospital in Malang, Indonesia were recorded by video camera and voice recorder. This study revealed that during wayfinding, visitors would focus on the visual environment. Visitors would search, select and use information for wayfinding by reading the environment. These results imply that the arrangement of visual environment is crucial to support wayfinding.Keywords: wayfinding; healthcare facility;visual environment; visual reading. ISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

The Quality of Life of Hospital Inpatients: Exploring visual sphere based on seeing capacity

This paper study the visual sphere based on a visual surface from a patients' point of view in immobile condition. Capturing image and calculating region were used to identify visual sphere as a collected scene, that established a coordinate system, based on visual degrees in seeing capacity. Coordinate system reveals the most effective of series of the scene in a coordinate mapping of the visual sphere. The most effective of series of the scene will identify the maximum level of seeing capacity. These findings provide new evidence to improving interior design for inpatients in the hospital