The prevalence of pandemic anxiety, anxiety and depression during the covid-19 pandemic in Turkey

Background: This prevalence study involved participants from various cities in Turkey was conducted in April 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic in Turkey, with a view to evaluate the pandemic-related anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depression in the society. Method: The study was conducted with 1267 people in more than 70 cities in Turkey. The study data were obtained by means of online data collection forms, due to the risks posed by the contagious COVID-19 disease in face to face interviews. The Demographic Properties Form, the Utkan Pandemic Anxiety (UPA) scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care (BDI-PC) were utilized as data collection tools. Results: The average value for the UPA scale for the sample was calculated as 10.5 +/- 0.257 points, for the GAD-7 scale as 5.5 +/- 0.153 points, and for the BDI-PC as 3.8 +/- 0.095 points. The cut-off threshold for the UPA scale was exceeded by 34%, for the GAD-7 scale by 25.7%, and for the BDI-PC by 30.9% of the sample. Conclusion: It was concluded that the level of pandemic-related anxiety in the community was high, that the level of generalized anxiety and depression had increased in comparison to pre-pandemic times, and that women had a higher risk of pandemic-related anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depression, because they were a group at risk, and also due to the effect of media surveillance and reports

Diagnosis of endometrial pathologies: transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) constitutes 69% of all gynecological complaints in the peri- and postmenopausal age groups. The aim of present study was to compare the accuracy of transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy in diagnosing intracavitary pathologies in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: A total of 303 premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding who admitted to the gynecology outpatient clinic of the Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, between April 2010 and July 2015, and received hysteroscopy, were evaluated retrospectively. The collected data were assembled from the computerised database. All patients underwent pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography, office hysteroscopy and hystopathologic evaluation. Patients with normal appearing uterine cavities on hysteroscopy additionally underwent full curettage. The pathology reports were considered to be the definitive diagnoses of patients. Transvaginal ultrasonography and office hysteroscopy findings were compared with the pathological reports and the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy values and likelihood ratios of office hysteroscopy and transvaginal ultrasonography were calculated for the detection of endometrial abnormalities.Results: Endometrial polyps were the most commonly identified pathology with a rate of 77.56%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of transvaginal sonography for diagnosing endometrial pathologies were 77%, 32%, 75% and 32%, respectively. The same values for hysteroscopy were 93%, 44%, 88% and 48% respectively. Transvaginal sonography had a sensitivity of 20% with a specificity of 4% for submucous myomas. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of hysteroscopy for submucous myomas when compared to histopathology were 100% for all.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of office hysteroscopy for focal lesions such as polyps or submucous myomas is higher than the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography. Due to its high diagnostic accuracy, lower complication rate and the ability to obtain direct biopsy specimens while providing simultaneous treatment, we believe that hysteroscopy will retain its place as the gold standard procedure for the investigation of endometrial pathologies

AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCES OF THE TEACHING APPROACH BASED ON SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENTATION ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS\' CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING, ATTITUDES, AND WILLINGNESS FOR ARGUMENTATION AND THE QUALITY OF ARGUMENTATION

Bu çalışma, aynı öğrenci grubu ile 9.sınıfta Maddenin Yapısı ve 10.sınıfta Gazlar ünitesinin öğretiminde bilimsel tartışma esaslı öğretim yaklaşımının uygulanması halinde öğrencilerin kavramsal algılama, kimya dersine karşı tutum ve tartışma istekliliklerindeki değişimin, geleneksel öğretim yaklaşımıyla bu konuları öğrenen öğrenci grubuna göre farkını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Buna ilave olarak, öğrencilerin yazılı tartışma etkinliklerindeki tartışma seviyesi, kullanılan öğeler ve puanlama yoluyla tartışma kalitesinin belirlenmesi, bireysel ve grup çalışmalarındaki tartışma seviyelerinin karşılaştırılması ve tartışma kalitesine cinsiyetin etkisinin de tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Çankırı İli Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü'ne bağlı bir lisenin 2 şubesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dersler, deney grubunda (N=26) bilimsel tartışma esaslı öğretim yaklaşımı ve kontrol grubunda (N=27) ise geleneksel öğretim yaklaşımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulamalar 9. sınıfta 13 ve 10. sınıfta 8 hafta sürmüştür. Deney ve kontrol grubuna kavram ve kimya dersine karşı tutum ölçeği ile deney grubuna ayrıca tartışmaya isteklilik ölçeği de uygulanmıştır. Ünitelerin sonunda deney ve kontrol grubundan 6'şar öğrenci ile mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney grubuna tartışma çalışmaları sırasında yazılı tartışma etkinlikleri verilmiş ve bunların önce bireysel, sonra da 5'şer kişilik gruplar halinde tamamlanmaları sağlanmıştır. Hipotezleri test etmek amacıyla t-testi, kovaryans analizi (ANCOVA), Kay-Kare analizi ve Mann Whitney U-testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, deney grubu öğrencilerinin kavramsal algılama ve kimya dersine karşı tutumlarının, kontrol grubu öğrencilerinden anlamlı derecede farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, deney grubu iv öğrencilerinin uygulamaların başlangıcından sonuna kadar tartışmaya karşı isteklilikleri anlamlı bir şekilde değişiklik göstermiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, grup çalışmaları ile tamamlanan yazılı tartışma etkinliklerinin ve 10. sınıfta gerçekleştirilen tartışmaların seviyelerinin daha yüksek olduğu, daha fazla sayıda öğe kullanıldığı ve bu öğelerin kalitesinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak, kız ve erkek öğrencilerin tartışma kaliteleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır.This research was conducted in order to determine the change in students\' conceptual understanding, attitudes towards the chemistry course and willingness for argumentation in case the teaching approach based on scientific argumentation is implemented in the teaching of the subjects of Structure of Matter in the ninth grade and Gases in the tenth grade; and to determine the difference of this group of students from the other student group whose members learned the above mentioned subjects through the traditional teaching approach. In addition, it was aimed to determine the quality of argumentation through students\' argumentation levels in written argumentation activities, the elements employed and grading; to compare argumentation levels in individual and group tasks; and to determine the influence of gender on the quality of argumentation. The research was conducted in two grade levels of a high school in the city of Çankırı. Classes were carried out with the teaching approach based on scientific argumentation in the experiment group (N=26) and with the traditional teaching approach in the control group (N=27). Applications lasted 13 weeks in the ninth grade and eight weeks in the tenth grade. The concept test and the attitude scale towards the chemistry course were applied on both groups, and the willingness for argumentation scale was separately applied on the experiment group. Interviews were conducted at the end of each chapter with six students from each group. The experiment group students vi were given written argumentation activities during argumentation tasks, and these activities were firstly carried out individually and then in groups of five people. In order to test the hypotheses; the t-test, covariance analysis (ANCOVA), Chisquare analysis and Mann Whitney U-test were conducted. According to analysis results, it was observed that the experiment group students\' conceptual understandings and attitudes towards the chemistry course were significantly higher that those of the control group students. Moreover, the experiment group students\' willingness for argumentation differed significantly throughout the applications. According to research results, it was determined that the levels of written argumentation activities completed with group works and the argumentations carried out in the tenth grade were higher, more elements were used in these activities and the quality of these elements were higher. However, no significant difference was found between the male and female students\' qualities of argumentation

New Bacterial Vaccines

In recent years, with the advent of recombinant DNA technology and major breakthroughs in molecular biology and immunology, a new dimension has been given to the design of vaccine strains. Powerful genetic and immunological technigues allow the production of new vaccines. In this article Haemophilus influenzae, acellular pertussis, typhoid, pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines have been reviewed under the sight of current literature

A Framework for Cyber Crime Investigation

© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.A new technological development in the globalizing world is spreading all over the world. With the development of technology, the control data growth, increased data communication and of accelerating, with the consequences of the inadequacy of the risk analysis should be done in this field is a type of crime emerged worldwide. Each day, different types of crime are faced. It is observed that the crime which is the most open to change and development is cyber crimes. As well as crimes affecting national security, they have reached a very important level that could harm a single person. In order to prevent these damages, the penal system was introduced as it was in all areas. In this study, the process will be examined until the judicial system is judged for the applicability of information and communications technology crime. The types of cyber crime, the institutions that will combat these crime elements, the software and hardware tools used in the identification phase of these institutions will be covered in detail. Detection of digital data sources, collecting evidence from the scene, preserving the integrity, searching for data that may constitute a crime, preparing the analysis of the results, recovering the deleted, encrypted or damaged data and reporting it will be detailed in this study. These crimes will be discussed in accordance with the laws of cyber crimes in the legislation. As a result of all these steps, it will be decided by interpreting how it is made more useful

Photosensitive Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Case Report

Photic-induced seizures are usually generalized or arise from the occipital cortex. In the present study, we reported an unusual case of photosensitive temporal lobe epilepsy in a patient who developed photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy between the age of 5 and 16 y and thereafter developed typical focal seizures with impaired awareness that occurred spontaneously and were induced by watching television. A typical focal seizure with impaired awareness recorded during a short video-electroencephalography monitoring induced by intermittent photic stimulation arising from the left anterior temporal region helped in confirming a diagnosis of photosensitive temporal lobe epilepsy