Why is the bandwidth of sodium observed to be narrower in photoemission experiments?

The experimentally predicted narrowing in the bandwidth of sodium is interpreted in terms of the non-local self-energy effect on quasi-particle energies of the electron liquid. The calculated self-energy correction is a monotonically increasing function of the wavenumber variable. The usual analysis of photo-emission experiments assumes the final state energies on the nearly-free-electron-like model and hence it incorrectly ascribes the non-local self-energy correction to the final state energies to the occupied state energies, thus leading to a seeming narrowing in the bandwidth.Comment: 9 page

Baseline for ostracod-based northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific shallow-marine paleoenvironmental reconstructions: ecological modeling of species distributions

Fossil ostracods have been widely used for Quaternary paleoenvironmental reconstructions, especially in marginal marine environments (e.g., for water depth, temperature, salinity, oxygen levels, pollution). But our knowledge of indicator species autoecology, the base of paleoenvironmental reconstructions, remains limited and commonly lacks robust statistical support and comprehensive comparison with environmental data. We analyzed marginal marine ostracod taxa at 52 sites in Hong Kong for which comprehensive environmental data are available. We applied linear regression models to reveal relationships between species distribution and environmental factors for 18 common taxa (mainly species, a few genera) in our Hong Kong dataset and identified indicator species of environmental parameters. For example, Sinocytheridea impressa, a widely distributed euryhaline species throughout the East and South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific, indicates eutrophication and bottom-water hypoxia. Neomonoceratina delicata, a widely known species from nearshore and estuarine environments in the East and South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific, indicates heavy metal pollution and increased turbidity. The 18 taxa used for this study are widely distributed geographically and divided into the following groups: widespread (throughout the northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific regions), temperate (South China Sea to Russia (Sea of Japan coast) and Japan), subtropical (Indo-Pacific to the East China Sea), tropical (Indo-Pacific and South China Sea), and globally distributed. With statistical support from ecological modeling and comprehensive environmental data, these results provide a robust baseline for ostracod-based Quaternary–Anthropocene paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the tropical–extratropical northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific. Highlights. We provide a robust baseline for ostracod-based (microscopic Arthropods) paleoenvironmental reconstructions from Quaternary and Anthropocene marginal marine sediments. The studied species have wide distributions over the tropics and extratropics of the northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific. Ecological modeling has established ostracod species as reliable indicators for paleoenvironmental reconstructions.</ol

Shallow marine ostracode distribution in Hong Kong

Oral PresentationHong Kong is one of the largest and most rapidly developing cities in Asia. It is known that the marine ecosystems of Hong Kong have been seriously influenced by a variety of anthropogenic factors, including eutrophication, bottom trawling, coastal reclamation, pollution, etc. Crustacean ostracodes are known to be sensitive to such environmental degradation. However, basic information of ostracode distribution is limited in Hong Kong. Here we investigated spatial distribution of modern ostracode assemblages in grab samples. Preliminary results obtained from 55 sites covering most areas of Hong Kong …postprin

A proposal of an orbital-dependent correlation energy functional for energy-band calculations

An explicitly orbital-dependent correlation energy functional is proposed, which is to be used in combination with the orbital-dependent exchange energy functional in energy-band calculations. It bears a close resemblance to the second-order direct and exchange perturbation terms calculated with Kohn-Sham orbitals and Kohn-Sham energies except that one of the two Coulomb interactions entering each term is replaced by an effective interaction which contains information about long-, intermediate-, and short-range correlations beyond second-order perturbation theory. Such an effective interaction can rigorously be defined for the correlation energy of the uniform electron liquid and is evaluated with high accuracy in order to apply to the orbital-dependent correlation energy functional. The coupling-constant-averaged spin-parallel and spin-antiparallel pair correlation functions are also evaluated with high accuracy for the electron liquid. The present orbital-dependent correlation energy functional with the effective interaction borrowed from the electron liquid is valid for tightly-binding electrons as well as for nearly-free electrons in marked contrast with the conventional local density approximation.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures, and 1 tabl

Dielectric response of BaTiO electronic states under AC fields via microsecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy

This research was performed under the approval of the Photon Factory Program Advisory Committee (PF-PAC; Contract Numbers 2015G580, 2017G587, and 2019G614) and was financially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18H01153 , 19H02426 , and 18K19126 . The experiment for measuring spectra in Fig. 6 (b) was performed on beamline BM26A (proposal MA 2731) at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France. We are grateful to Local Contact at the ESRF for providing assistance in using beamline BM26A. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART². © 2021 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )For the first time, the dielectric response of a BaTiO thin film under an AC electric field is investigated using microsecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ti K-edge in order to clarify correlated contributions of each constituent atom on the electronic states. Intensities of the pre-edge peak and shoulder structure just below the main edge increase with an increase in the amplitude of the applied electric field, whereas that of the main peak decreases in an opposite manner. Based on the multiple scattering theory, the increase and decrease of the and main peaks are simulated for different Ti off-center displacements. Our results indicate that these spectral features reflect the inter- and intra-atomic hybridization of Ti 3 with O 2 and Ti 4 respectively. In contrast, the shoulder structure is not affected by changes in the Ti off-center displacement but is susceptible to the effect of the corner site Ba ions. This is the first experimental verification of electronic contribution of Ba to polarization reversal.----/ / /---- This is open access article of S. Kato, N. Nakajima, S. Yasui, S. Yasuhara, D. Fu, J. Adachi, H. Nitani, Y. Takeichi, A. Anspoks, Dielectric response of BaTiO3 electronic states under AC fields via microsecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (DOI 10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116681), Acta Materialia, Volume 207, 2021,116681 - under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )Photon Factory Program Advisory Committee (PF-PAC; Contract Numbers 2015G580, 2017G587, and 2019G614); JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18H01153 , 19H02426 , and 18K19126; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART²

Design of the polarization multi-pass Thomson scattering system

A novel configuration of the multi-pass Thomson scattering (TS) system is proposed to improve the time resolution and accuracy of electron temperature measurements by use of a polarization control technique. This configuration can realize a perfect coaxial multi-passing at each pass, and the number of round trips is not limited by the optical configuration. To confirm the feasibility of the new method, we installed this system in the GAMMA 10 plasma system. As a result, the integrated scattering signal of the double-pass configuration is about two times larger than that of the single-pass configuration. These results are in good agreement with the design

Integrative Molecular Analysis of DNA Methylation Dynamics Unveils Molecules with Prognostic Potential in Breast Cancer

DNA methylation acts as a major epigenetic modification in mammals, characterized by the transfer of a methyl group to a cytosine. DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in regulating normal development, and misregulation in cells leads to an abnormal phenotype as is seen in several cancers. Any mutations or expression anomalies of genes encoding regulators of DNA methylation may lead to abnormal expression of critical molecules. A comprehensive genomic study encompassing all the genes related to DNA methylation regulation in relation to breast cancer is lacking. We used genomic and transcriptomic datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) Pan-Cancer Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and microarray platforms and conducted in silico analysis of all the genes related to DNA methylation with respect to writing, reading and erasing this epigenetic mark. Analysis of mutations was conducted using cBioportal, while Xena and KMPlot were utilized for expression changes and patient survival, respectively. Our study identified multiple mutations in the genes encoding regulators of DNA methylation. The expression profiling of these showed significant differences between normal and disease tissues. Moreover, deregulated expression of some of the genes, namely DNMT3B, MBD1, MBD6, BAZ2B, ZBTB38, KLF4, TET2 and TDG, was correlated with patient prognosis. The current study, to our best knowledge, is the first to provide a comprehensive molecular and genetic profile of DNA methylation machinery genes in breast cancer and identifies DNA methylation machinery as an important determinant of the disease progression. The findings of this study will advance our understanding of the etiology of the disease and may serve to identify alternative targets for novel therapeutic strategies in cancer