26,347 research outputs found
Preconditioning Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulations Using Coarse-Scale Models
We study the preconditioning of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods using coarse-scale models with applications to subsurface characterization. The purpose of preconditioning is to reduce the fine-scale computational cost and increase the acceptance rate in the MCMC sampling. This goal is achieved by generating Markov chains based on two-stage computations. In the first stage, a new proposal is first tested by the coarse-scale model based on multiscale finite volume methods. The full fine-scale computation will be conducted only if the proposal passes the coarse-scale screening. For more efficient simulations, an approximation of the full fine-scale computation using precomputed multiscale basis functions can also be used. Comparing with the regular MCMC method, the preconditioned MCMC method generates a modified Markov chain by incorporating the coarse-scale information of the problem. The conditions under which the modified Markov chain will converge to the correct posterior distribution are stated in the paper. The validity of these assumptions for our application and the conditions which would guarantee a high acceptance rate are also discussed. We would like to note that coarse-scale models used in the simulations need to be inexpensive but not necessarily very accurate, as our analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate. We present numerical examples for sampling permeability fields using two-point geostatistics. The Karhunen--Loève expansion is used to represent the realizations of the permeability field conditioned to the dynamic data, such as production data, as well as some static data. Our numerical examples show that the acceptance rate can be increased by more than 10 times if MCMC simulations are preconditioned using coarse-scale models
Comparative study of commercial building energy-efficiency retrofit policies in four pilot cities in China
The energy efficiency of existing commercial buildings is more challenging to regulate and improve than the energy efficiency of new constructions. In 2011 and 2012, the Chinese Government selected four cities- Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Chongqing- to implement pilot commercial building energy efficiency retrofit program. Based on site surveys and expert interviews in these pilot cities, this research conducted a comparative analysis on incentive policies of local city level. The analysis results show that policy designs of existing commercial buildings should be further improved. The aspects that influence the implementation effect in the future, such as subsidy level, installments, and business model promotion, should be specified in the policy clauses. Referring to the technical solution and cost-benefit in Chongqing, we found that lighting system is the most common retrofit objects while envelope system is the least common one. And the subsidy incentive is greatest for educational buildings, followed by office buildings. In the end, we further discussed the problems and obstacles in commercial building retrofit market, and provided a series of recommendations
Free boson representation of at level one
We construct a realization of the central extension of super-Yangian double
at level-one in terms of free boson fields with
a continuous parameter.Comment: 9 pages, latex, reference revise
FHL2 regulates hematopoietic stem cell functions under stress conditions.
FHL2, a member of the four and one half LIM domain protein family, is a critical transcriptional modulator. Here, we identify FHL2 as a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that is essential for maintaining HSC self-renewal under regenerative stress. We find that Fhl2 loss has limited effects on hematopoiesis under homeostatic conditions. In contrast, Fhl2-null chimeric mice reconstituted with Fhl2-null bone marrow cells developed abnormal hematopoiesis with significantly reduced numbers of HSCs, hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), red blood cells and platelets as well as hemoglobin levels. In addition, HSCs displayed a significantly reduced self-renewal capacity and were skewed toward myeloid lineage differentiation. We find that Fhl2 loss reduces both HSC quiescence and survival in response to regenerative stress, probably as a consequence of Fhl2-loss-mediated downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitors, including p21(Cip) and p27(Kip1). Interestingly, FHL2 is regulated under the control of a tissue-specific promoter in hematopoietic cells and it is downregulated by DNA hypermethylation in the leukemia cell line and primary leukemia cells. Furthermore, we find that downregulation of FHL2 frequently occurs in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia patients, raising a possibility that FHL2 downregulation has a role in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies
q-deformed Supersymmetric t-J Model with a Boundary
The q-deformed supersymmetric t-J model on a semi-infinite lattice is
diagonalized by using the level-one vertex operators of the quantum affine
superalgebra . We give the bosonization of the boundary
states. We give an integral expression of the correlation functions of the
boundary model, and derive the difference equations which they satisfy.Comment: LaTex file 18 page
Eigenvalues of Ruijsenaars-Schneider models associated with root system in Bethe ansatz formalism
Ruijsenaars-Schneider models associated with root system with a
discrete coupling constant are studied. The eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian are
givein in terms of the Bethe ansatz formulas. Taking the "non-relativistic"
limit, we obtain the spectrum of the corresponding Calogero-Moser systems in
the third formulas of Felder et al [20].Comment: Latex file, 25 page
Anyonic interferometry without anyons: How a flux qubit can read out a topological qubit
Proposals to measure non-Abelian anyons in a superconductor by quantum
interference of vortices suffer from the predominantly classical dynamics of
the normal core of an Abrikosov vortex. We show how to avoid this obstruction
using coreless Josephson vortices, for which the quantum dynamics has been
demonstrated experimentally. The interferometer is a flux qubit in a Josephson
junction circuit, which can nondestructively read out a topological qubit
stored in a pair of anyons --- even though the Josephson vortices themselves
are not anyons. The flux qubit does not couple to intra-vortex excitations,
thereby removing the dominant restriction on the operating temperature of
anyonic interferometry in superconductors.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures; Added an Appendix on parity-protected
single-qubit rotations; problem with Figure 3 correcte
Calibration of LAMOST Stellar Surface Gravities Using the Kepler Asteroseismic Data
Asteroseismology is a powerful tool to precisely determine the evolutionary
status and fundamental properties of stars. With the unprecedented precision
and nearly continuous photometric data acquired by the NASA Kepler mission,
parameters of more than 10 stars have been determined nearly consistently.
However, most studies still use photometric effective temperatures (Teff) and
metallicities ([Fe/H]) as inputs, which are not sufficiently accurate as
suggested by previous studies. We adopted the spectroscopic Teff and [Fe/H]
values based on the LAMOST low-resolution spectra (R~1,800), and combined them
with the global oscillation parameters to derive the physical parameters of a
large sample of stars. Clear trends were found between {\Delta}logg(LAMOST -
seismic) and spectroscopic Teff as well as logg, which may result in an
overestimation of up to 0.5 dex for the logg of giants in the LAMOST catalog.
We established empirical calibration relations for the logg values of dwarfs
and giants. These results can be used for determining the precise distances to
these stars based on their spectroscopic parameters.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures and 3 tables, accepted for publication in
Astronomical Journal. Table 3 is available at
http://lwang.info/research/kepler_lamost
A Sino-German 6cm polarisation survey of the Galactic plane IX. HII regions
Large-scale radio continuum surveys provide data to get insights into the
physical properties of radio sources. HII regions are prominent radio sources
produced by thermal emission of ionised gas around young massive stars. We
identify and analyse HII regions in the Sino-German 6cm polarisation survey of
the Galactic plane. Objects with flat radio continuum spectra together with
infrared and/or Halpha emission were identified as HII regions. For HII regions
with small apparent sizes, we cross-matched the 6cm small-diameter source
catalogue with the radio HII region catalogue compiled by Paladini and the
infrared HII region catalogue based on the WISE data. Extended HII regions were
identified by eye by overlaying the Paladini and the WISE HII regions onto the
6cm survey images for coincidences. The TT-plot method was employed for
spectral index verification. A total of 401 HII regions were identified and
their flux densities were determined with the Sino-German 6cm survey data. In
the surveyed area, 76 pairs of sources are found to be duplicated in the
Paladini HII region catalogue, mainly due to the non-distinction of previous
observations with different angular resolutions, and 78 objects in their
catalogue are misclassified as HII regions, being actually planetary nebulae,
supernova remnants or extragalactic sources that have steep spectra. More than
30 HII regions and HII region candidates from our 6cm survey data, especially
extended ones, do not have counterparts in the WISE HII region catalogue, of
which 9 are identified for the first time. Based on the newly derived radio
continuum spectra and the evidence of infrared emission, the previously
identified SNRs G11.1-1.0, G20.4+0.1 and G16.4-0.5 are believed to be HII
regions.Comment: version after some minor corrections and language editing, full Table
2 - 5 will appear in CDS, accepted for publication in A&
- …