Repetitive fracturing during spine extrusion at Unzen volcano, Japan

Rhythmic seismicity associated with spine extrusion is a well-documented phenomenon at a number of dome-forming volcanic systems. At Unzen volcano, Japan, a 4-year dome-forming eruption concluded with the emplacement of a spine from October 1994 to February 1995, offering a valuable opportunity to further investigate seismogenic processes at dome-forming volcanoes. Using continuous data recorded at a seismic station located close to the dome, this study explores trends in the seismic activity during the extrusion of the spine. We identify a total of 12 208 volcano-seismic events in the period between October 1994 and February 1995. Hourly event counts indicate cyclic activity with periods of ∼ 40 to ∼ 100 h, attributed to pulsatory ascent defined by strain localisation and faulting at the conduit margins. Waveform correlation revealed two strong clusters (a.k.a. multiplets, families) which are attributed to fracturing along the margins of the shallow, ascending spine. Further analysis indicates variable seismic velocities during the spine extrusion as well as migration of the cluster sources along the spine margins. Our interpretation of the results from seismic data analyses is supported by previously published field and experimental observations, suggesting that the spine was extruded along an inclined conduit with brittle and ductile deformation occurring along the margins. We infer that changes in stress conditions acting on the upper and lower spine margins led to deepening and shallowing of the faulting sources, respectively. We demonstrate that the combination of geophysical, field and experimental evidence can help improve physical models of shallow conduit processes

Työterveyssuunnitelma terveyden edistämisen viitekehyksessä- : työterveyshoitajien kokemuksia työterveyssuunnitelman toteuttamisesta

Työterveyshuollon toimintaympäristö on nopeasti muuttuvassa tilassa ja työterveyshuolto pyrkii vastaamaan oikein kohdentuvilla toimilla muutoksista johtuviin kuormitustekijöihin, tuottamalla työntekijöiden työhyvinvointiin ja työuran jatkamista tukevia palveluprosesseja. Tavoitteina ovat oikein vaikuttavat työmuodot ja yhteistyö asiakkaiden kanssa. Terveyden edistäminen on WHO (1986) julistuksessa määritelty prosessiksi, jolla ihmisen on mahdollisuus tulla tietoiseksi tilanteestaan tunnistaakseen ja parantaakseen fyysistä, psyykkistä ja sosiaalista hyvinvointiaan.Työterveyshuollossa terveyden edistäminen on tietojen antona, ohjauksena ja neuvontana sisällytetty kaikkiin palveluprosesseihin. Henkilökohtainen terveyssuunnitelma on terveystarkastuksessa yhdessä asiakkaan kanssa laadittava, henkilökohtainen terveyden edistämisen ja työkyvyttömyyden ehkäisemisen suunnitelma, johon kootaan näkyväksi asiakkaan ja työterveyshuollon ammattihenkilön yhteinen näkemys voimavaroista ja tavoitteista. Terveyskeskustelussa tulisi käsitellä tapaamisessa yhdessä laajalti terveyteen, voimavaroihin, työhön ja työn kuormittavuuteen liittyviä asioita. Asiakkaalle keskustelun tulisi olla rohkaiseva tilaisuus sen hetkisen tilanteen ja tulevaisuuden tärkeimpinä pitämiensä hyvinvoinnin tavoitteiden tarkasteluun. Työterveyshoitajien voimavaraistava terveysneuvonta edellyttää dialogiin harjaantuneisuutta ja asiakkaan motivaatiota esiin kutsuvan työmenetelmän tuntemusta. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa ja selvittää yksityisen lääkärikeskuksen työterveyshoitajille suunnatun kyselyn tuloksia kokemuksista työterveyssuunnitelman toteuttamisesta terveystarkastuksissa, terveyssuunnitelman kirjaamisesta ja toteutuksen mahdollistavista tai haittaavista tekijöistä. Kyselyyn vastanneiden työterveyshoitajien vastauksissa tuli esille ammatillisuus ja asiakaslähtöinen työote. Avoimissa vastauksissa käytettiin asiakastyön kuvauksissa voimavaraistavien ohjausmenetelmien käsitteitä. Työterveyssuunnitelma toteutui käytännössä työterveyshoitajan ohjaus, neuvonta jatkosuunnitelman kirjauksena eikä niinkään erillisenä työterveyssuunnitelmana. Terveystarkastukseen käytettävän ajan ei koettu olevan riittävä suunnitelman kokoamiseen käynnin aikana, sillä teknisesti asiakkaalle annettava kappale terveyssuunnitelmasta vaati erillisen kirjauksen. Asiakkaan ennalta valmistautuminen tapaamiseen esitietolomakkeen täyttämisellä katsottiin parantavan dialogin toteutumista ja auttavan työterveyssuunnitelman laadintaa. Yhteisen toimintamallin sopiminen arvioitiin tarpeelliseksi työterveyssuunnitelman käytäntöön juurruttamisessa. Kehittämistarve ilmenee tapaamiseen valmistavan esikyselylomakkeen rakenteen uudelleenarviointiin. Millaisilla avoimilla kysymyksillä saadaan esiin asiakkaan terveyden lukutaito ja työ lukutaito. Miten täydennetty esikyselylomake olisi teknisesti toteutettavissa terveystarkastukseen kirjaamisen pohjaksi ja yhdessä toteutettavaksi työterveyssuunnitelmaksi.Occupational health care environment is in a rapidly changing state and occupational health care aims to respond with properly targeted actions, by providing service processes that support the occupational well-being of employees and the continuation of working life with the aim of affecting the correct forms of work and co-operation with our customers. Health promotion is defined in a WHO declaration (1986) as a process in which people have the opportunity to become aware of their situation in order to identify and improve their physical, mental and social wellbeing. In occupational health care, health promotion is included in all service processes as output of information, guidance and advice. A Personal Health Plan is a plan that is jointly developed in a health check to promote the customer’s personal health and prevent disability. It makes visible to the customer and the occupational health practitioner their shared vision of resources and objectives. In a health dialogue, health, resources, work and work load related things should be handled extensively in one meeting. For the customer the dialogue should be an encouraging opportunity to promote their own well-being and review their own current situation and the most important objectives in the future. Occupational health nurses’ empowering health guidance requires a dialogue proficiency and knowledge of the customer's motivation method. This thesis has dealt with one medical center’s occupational health nurses' experiences of health plan implementation in health checks, the factors enabling or obstructing the recognition and implementation of the health plan. The responses of the occupational health nurses who answered the questionnaire revealed professionalism and a customer-oriented approach to work. In open responses the concepts of empowering guidance methods were used in client work descriptions. The Occupational Health Plan was realized in practice in each occupational health nurse’s entry of the guidance, counseling follow-up plan in the patient information system, rather than as a separate Health Plan. The time taken for medical examination was not considered to be sufficient to compile the plan during the visit, because technically the health plan would require a separate entry. Customer preparation before the meeting by filling the preliminary information form was regarded as enriching for the realization of dialogue and helping to draw up a Health Plan together. The familiarization in the common practice of Health Plan entry was considered necessary. Do we need a different way of thinking in logging implementation? As a development suggestion, the evaluation of the structure of the preliminary information form. What kind of open-ended questions elicit the customer's health literacy and work literacy? How could the filled in preliminary questionnaire form be used technically as a basis for health examination and for an Occupational Health Plan to be executed together

Cell-derived extracellular vesicles can be used as a biomarker reservoir for glioblastoma tumor subtyping

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive solid tumors for which treatment options and biomarkers are limited. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) produced by both GBM and stromal cells are central in the inter-cellular communication that is taking place in the tumor bulk. As tumor sEVs are accessible in biofluids, recent reports have suggested that sEVs contain valuable biomarkers for GBM patient diagnosis and follow-up. The aim of the current study was to describe the protein content of sEVs produced by different GBM cell lines and patient-derived stem cells. Our results reveal that the content of the sEVs mirrors the phenotypic signature of the respective GBM cells, leading to the description of potential informative sEV-associated biomarkers for GBM subtyping, such as CD44. Overall, these data could assist future GBM in vitro studies and provide insights for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods as well as personalized treatment strategies

Formation of nanocrystalline structure during electron irradiation induced crystallization in amorphous Fe–Zr–B alloys

Effect of electron irradiation on the crystallization and phase stability of Fe88Zr9B3 and Fe71Zr9B20 amorphous alloys was examined. Electron irradiation at an accelerated voltage of 2000 kV was performed at room temperature. The Fe71Zr9B20 alloy showed a wide supercooled liquid region and the ΔTx value was 71 K, while no glass transition was observed in Fe88Zr9B3 alloy. The amorphous phase in Fe–Zr–B alloys was not stable under irradiation and crystallization from the amorphous phase was accelerated by the irradiation. Nanocrystalline structure composed of α-Fe and cubic-Fe2Zr was formed in Fe88Zr9B3 alloy by irradiation induced crystallization, while no nanoscale precipitates of intermetallic compounds were formed during annealing. In Fe71Zr9B20 alloy, the formation of nanocrystalline precipitates was also confirmed by irradiation induced crystallization, although the formation of nanocrystalline structure had not been realized in high B concentration Fe–Zr–B alloys by annealing. These new results show that electron irradiation is effective in producing a new nanocrystalline structure