Half‐Cauchy and Power Cauchy Distributions: Ordinary Differential Equations

In this chapter, homogenous ordinary differential equations (ODES) of different orders were obtained for the probability density function, quantile function, survival function inverse survival function, hazard function and reversed hazard functions of half‐Cauchy and power Cauchy distributions. This is possible since the aforementioned probability functions are differentiable. Differentiation and modified product rule were used to obtain the required ordinary differential equations, whose solutions are the respective probability functions. The different conditions necessary for the existence of the ODEs were obtained and it is almost in consistent with the support that defined the various probability functions considered. The parameters that defined each distribution greatly affect the nature of the ODEs obtained. This method provides new ways of classifying and approximating other probability distributions apart from half‐Cauchy and power Cauchy distributions considered in this chapter. In addition, the result of the quantile function can be compared with quantile approximation using the quantile mechanics

A Measurement and Power Line Communication System Design for Renewable Smart Grids

WOS: 000326683300004The data communication over the electric power lines can be managed easily and economically since the grid connections are already spread around all over the world. This paper investigates the applicability of Power Line Communication (PLC) in an energy generation system that is based on photovoltaic (PV) panels with the modeling study in Matlab/Simulink. The Simulink model covers the designed PV panels, boost converter with Perturb and Observe (P&O) control algorithm, full bridge inverter, and the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modem that is utilized to transfer the measured data over the power lines. This study proposes a novel method to use the electrical power lines not only for carrying the line voltage but also to transmit the measurements of the renewable energy generation plants. Hence, it is aimed at minimizing the additional monitoring costs such as SCADA, Ethernet-based or GSM based systems by using the proposed technique. Although this study is performed with solar power plants, the proposed model can be applied to other renewable generation systems. Consequently, the usage of the proposed technique instead of SCADA or Ethernet-based systems eliminates additional monitoring costs

Hybrid Microgrid System Design with Renewable Energy Sources

IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES);IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS)18th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Motion Control, PEMC 2018 -- 26 August 2018 through 30 August 2018 -- -- 142116This study presents both a hybrid microgrid system design with renewable energy and their control methods, analysis result. This renewable energy resources (RES) consist of 33kW PVs, 100kW fuel cell stack and a 50kW wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). PV plant includes the PV arrays and DC-DC boost converter. Fuel cell plant includes the fuel cell stacks and DC-DC boost converter. The wind energy plant contains the wind turbine, PMSG, uncontrolled rectifier and DC-DC boost converter. The boost converter connected to PV plant has been controlled by using incremental conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm (IC-MPPT A). Both the boost converters of the wind energy system and fuel cell system have been operated with PI controllers. The switching element of all boost converters is M OSFE T. The switching frequency for boost converters of the wind energy system and fuel cell system is 30 kHz and 50 kHz for boost converter connected PV array. The hybrid microgrid has been coupled on 1000V DC-bus bar. 400V/120 kV transformer and 120 kV, 50 Hz AC supply have been used to create the grid model. To convert from DC to AC, as the topology, full bridge inverter circuit has been used and IGBT has selected as the switching element. Phase locked loop (PLL) algorithm has been used as a control for the AC voltage generated at the inverter output to be the same phase, frequency and amplitude with the grid. The system has been operated under the various operating conditions such as wind speed and solar irradiation. And despite these variables, the desired results have been obtained from the system. © 2018 IEEE

Design and implementation of a smart metering infrastructure for low voltage microgrids

The distributed generation (DG) and the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) have leveraged the improvement of the smart grid for a few decades. The smart home energy management systems (HEMSs) have also attracted attention in increasing the use of information and communication technologies in the context of smart grid applications. This paper proposes a smart metering infrastructure with DC and AC analog front ends (AFEs), wired and wireless communication interfaces, and remote monitoring software coded in Visual C#. The implemented metering device has been comprised of isolated measurement transducers for detecting the current and voltage rates of sources and various types of loads either in a microgrid or smart home application. The signal conditioning tier has been comprised of highly accurate and sensitive operational amplifiers, and signal processing has been accomplished by a PIC microcontroller which is capable to interface USB and ZigBee based wireless communication protocols. The processed measurement data have been transmitted with wireless communication, and a graphical user interface (GUI) software has been coded at the receiving end host computer. The measurement case studies have been experimentally performed in microgrid and HEMS infrastructures to validate the accuracy of the proposed smart metering device and software operated at the host computer

Analysis of the Use of Different Decoding Schemes in LDPC Coded OFDM Systems over Indoor PLC Channels

Power line communication (PLC) method is a developing technology that is intended to provide a communication platform by using conventional power lines. In this study, bit error rate (BER) performances of low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems have been examined over indoor PLC channels. Performances of different LDPC decoder schemes such as belief propagation (BP), weighted bit flipping (WBF) and implementation-efficient reliability ratio based weighted bit flipping (IRRWBF) decoders were investigated in the modelled system. Different indoor channel scenarios that were generated by using new and more realistic PLC channel model proposal were also employed to evaluate the BER performance analyses. The performed simulations in the PLC channels showed that the LDPC codes can provide significant improvement with a remarkable encoding complexity when the BP or IRRWBF decoder is utilized on the receiver unit

Proposal of an experimental data and image transmission system and its possible application for remote monitoring smart grids

This paper investigates the bit error rate (BER) and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) performances of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over an actual power line communication (PLC) channel that are acquired by performing very long-term experimental measurements from the grid. The examined system is tested by changing system parameters such as code length, iteration number, coding rate and message type in detail. The results of this study show that the QC-LDPC coded OFDM system can be a possible solution for communication and remote monitoring purposes in smart grids. © 2017 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológic

A comparative simulation study on the performance of LDPC coded communication systems over Weibull fading channels

The Weibull distribution is a useful statistical model that can be used to describe the multipath fading in nowadays wireless communication environments. In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) coded communication systems using different decoding rules is presented over Weibull fading channels by means of comparative computer simulations. It is shown that, especially for the case of the Belief Propagation (BP) decoding rule, significant performance improvement can be achieved in comparison with uncoded transmission when the channel is assumed to have Weibull fading. © 2016 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico.This work was supported by the Research Fund of Erciyes University , grant number: FBD-10-3092 . The authors thank to Proofreading & Editing Office of Erciyes University for careful reading and corrections on the manuscript

Multiuser communications for broadband indoor power line channels using IDMA technology

Abant Izzet Baysal Universitesi;Cankiri Karatekin Universitesi2013 4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, POWERENG 2013 -- 13 May 2013 through 17 May 2013 -- Istanbul -- 100681Power line communication (PLC) systems are one of the most popular technologies for smart grids due to their cost efficiency. This paper presents bit error rate (BER) performance of traditional interleave-division multiple access (IDMA) systems over broadband (BB) indoor PLC channels. The BB PLC channels considered in this paper are proposed by Cañete and others. Subsequently, simulation results are carried out by using these different BB indoor PLC channel scenarios. © 2013 IEEE

Technical challenges and enhancements in smart grid applications

This chapter deals with novel technologies in terms of power electronics, power converters, information and communication technologies (ICTs), energy storage systems (ESSs), electric vehicles (EVs), and microgeneration systems in the context of smart grid applications. Although the smart grid was a concept defining ICT-enabled conventional grid at the beginning, it has now improved its own infrastructure with particularly tailored applications and technologies. During this improvement stage; researchers, engineers, and technology improving alliances have overcome many technical challenges. This chapter presents a number of innovative solutions enhanced against challenges met during improvement era. They have been introduced in terms of power electronics and power converters, integration of communication systems to power devices; improved microgrid, generation and transmission systems, the demand side management (DSM) policies, smart home management systems, ESSs and EVs. The surveyed device topologies and technologies are particularly selected in order to present a set of recent application in smart grid infrastructure. Therefore, widely known devices, systems, and methods that can be found in any regular textbook are not considered in this section

Introduction to smart grid architecture

The smart grid that is a new concept introduced at the beginning of the 2000s intends to include bidirectional communication infrastructure to conventional grids in order to enable information and communication technologies (ICTs) at any stage of generation, transmission, distribution, and even consumption sections of utility grids. This chapter introduces essential components and novel technologies of smart grids such as sensor networks, smart metering and monitoring systems, smart management systems, wired and wireless communication technologies, security requirements, and standards and regulations for this concept. First of all, this chapter focuses on the main components of smart grids such as smart sensors and sensor networks, phasor measurement unit (PMU), smart meters (SMs), and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Then, smart grid applications and main requirements are explained on the basis of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), demand response (DR), station and substation automation, and demand-side management (DSM). Later, communication systems of smart grid are presented in which the communication systems are classified into two groups as wired and wireless communication systems, and they are comprehensively analyzed. Furthermore, the area networks related to smart grid concept such as home area network (HAN), building area network (BAN), industrial area network (IAN), neighborhood area network (NAN), field area network (FAN), and wide-area network (WAN) are presented in a logical way beginning from generation systems to the user side